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INFLUENCES AND BUILDING TYPES

DE JESUS, KATHLEEN MAE C.

2018-12039
Urban Plan
STREETS, PLAZAS, MONUMENTS

PLAZA DE ROMA- MANILA 1824

-It was Plaza Mayor during Spanish Colonial.

-It was used as a venue for bullfights and other

public events until 1797 when Governor-General
Rafael Maria de Aguilar turned it to a garden
enclose with iron fence.

-It is a prototype of the Spanish colonial city

planning, Plaza Roma is surrounded by the major
government buildings such as church, municipal
hall and houses of keys officials.
Military Establishments
FORTIFICATIONS

FORT SAN PEDRO- CEBU (1565)

It is said to be the oldest and the smallest fort in the Its walls are 20 feet tall and 8 feet thick, forming a triangle with
Philippines, covering an area of 2,025 square meters. uneven lengths: two sides face the sea and the other the land,
where the current entrance gate to the fort is located.

The gate has two rectangular columns that flank a raised

Philippine flag, that serves as the apex of the structure.

Three tunnel-shaped windows sit on top of a gable which hosts a

niche that shelters an image of the Sto. Nino, the city’s patron
saint. Below it is another shallower niche marked with the seal.

Below it is the entrance, a barrel vault, whose arch is topped

with a spandrel that bears the Spanish name of the place and the
year it was built.
Military Establishments
FORTIFICATIONS

FORT SANTIAGO- MANILA (1590)

Named in honor of St. James, slayer of Moors (Santiago

Matamoros)

Walls encircling the city started at this point

Most important and oldest fortification built in Manila.

Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, spent his last
days holed up in Fort Santiago before being marched off to
Bagumbayan (now Rizal Park) where he was executed by firing
squad.
Military Establishments
FORTIFICATIONS

FORT SAN FELIPE- CAVITE (1609)

-It is an old structure dating back to 1609, when the The structure is made of granite blocks, with walls
Spaniards built it to protect part of the growing city back approximately 30 feet high
then.
A wide stairway leads to the top of the port where a
concrete house can be found.

The fort is dedicated to San Felipe Neri in the 16th century

The area used to be a shipping capital of the Philippines

during the Spanish rule. The fort was used as a fortress of the
Spanish Navy, also called as the Spanish Armada.

Many transactions during the Spanish period was done in the

area such as trading, stevedoring, and cargo/freight services
by the Spanish merchants and shippers
Civic Buildings
RESIDENCES AND OFFICES OF PUBLIC SERVANTS

FOUR TYPES
1. Aduana/Intendencia – Custom House which serves as a central treasury
2. Audenica – Superior Court and also housed the jail.
3. Ayuntamiento (Casas Consitoriales or Cabildo) – City Hall
4. Palacio del Gobernador – Residence and office of the governor general

AYUNTAMIENTO DE MANILA- MANILA

(1599)
It was onced housed the City Hall of Manila.

The design of the current Ayuntamiento is inspired by the

fusion of its old and new design.

The first structure, built on 1599, is considered by any

historians made of wood and concrete. The first floor
housed the courts and jails, the second housed the
administrative offices, a chapel and archives.
Civic Buildings
RESIDENCES AND OFFICES OF PUBLIC SERVANTS

PALACIO DEL GOBERNADOR- MANILA (1976)

One of the edifices found inside Intramuros. It is a stone throw away from Manila
Cathedral and it is fronting Plaza Roma.

It was a state residence of the Governor-General of

the Philippines.

The First Palace or Palacio Real was constructed in

1599 near Plaza de Armas (Parade Ground) in Fort
Santiago

It was later moved to the present site and became

the Governor-General’s residence and office as well
as the Real Audiencia (Supreme Court).

In 1863, it was destroyed by an earthquake and

abandoned by the Governor-General when he moved
to Malacañang.
Ecclesiastical Buildings
CHURCHES, MONASTERIES AND CONVENTS WHICH

Religious orders played a decisive role when the Spaniards reached the Philippines. They filled Intramuros with churches,
monasteries and convents which also performed social and welfare functions. Some edifices were built through forced labor and
sometimes forced town people to flee.

Baroque churches of the Spanish colonial period constitute the most emblematic element
of the country’s architectural heritage

Polo y servicio - natives who were required by the government to render some service or work for a stipulated number of days
within the year - built churches, and other publicbuildings.
Abuses committed - Disruption of agricultural works, Displacement of laborers and separation of man from their families.

TWO TYPES OF RELIGIOUS STRUCTURES

1. Worship- Cathedrals, parish churches, monastic churches, shrines, cemeteries, and visitas.
2. Administrative and residential purposes- Bishop’s houses, conventos monasteries, seminaries, nunneries, and casas de
hacienda - which evolved as larger version of bahay na bato
Ecclesiastical Buildings
CHURCHES, MONASTERIES AND CONVENTS WHICH

CHURCHES
It was referred to as camarin (toclong/tuklong)– resemblance to a shed

SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH- MANILA (1571)

Dubbed as the 'Wedding Capital of the Philippines, the
San Agustín is the oldest stone church in the country.

Concealed inside the 64-hectare walled city of Manila

is the San Agustín Church.

It was the first church to be built by the Spaniards in

Luzon after relocating the capital from Cebu.

The church courtyard is adorned by several granite

sculptures of Chinese lions, given by Chinese converts
to Catholicism.

The layout of the church is in the form of a Latin cross.

Ecclesiastical Buildings
CHURCHES, MONASTERIES AND CONVENTS WHICH

It has fourteen side chapels and a trompe l'oeil ceiling painted in 1875 by Italian artists Cesare Alberoni and Giovanni Dibella.

Up in the choir loft are hand-carved 17th-century seats of molave, a tropical hardwood.

The church contains the tomb of Spanish conquistadors

Miguel López de Legazpi, Juan de Salcedo and Martín
de Goiti, as well as several early Spanish Governors-
General and archbishops. Their bones are buried in a
communal vault near the main altar.

The first was made of bamboo and nipa, and was

completed in 1571.

The second structure was made of wood and was again

destroyed by fire in 1583.

The third and final structure was made of adobe stone

which was quarried from nearby towns of Binangonan,
San Mateo and Meycauayan.
Ecclesiastical Buildings
CHURCHES, MONASTERIES AND CONVENTS WHICH

NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LA ASUNCION CHURCH IN STA. MARIA - ILOCOS SUR(1765)

It is a national landmark that was used as a fortress during the 1896 Revolution.

It was declared a world heritage site by UNESCO on 11

December 1993.

During the Spanish era, the church also functioned as a

citade and the patroness is the Our Lady of Assumption or
Nuestra Señora dela Ascuncion

The church was built in around 1765 by the Augustinians.

It is nestled on top of a hill andmay be reached by climbing

85 steps of granite rock that was imported from China.

The thick buttresses on each side of the church functions

as protection from earthquakes. The architecture of the
church is Baroque inspired.
Ecclesiastical Buildings
CHURCHES, MONASTERIES AND CONVENTS WHICH

The Paoay Church of St. Augustine -Ilocos Norte (1593)

It was founded by Augustinian missionaries in 1593, and was a labor of love over time and in the face of earthquakes and other
disasters. The Paoay Church history began in the 17th century.

The construction of the church was spread over a century beginning from 1604: the
cornerstone of the church was laid in 1704; the convent in 1707; and the belltower
in 1793. Even while still unfinished, Paoay Church was already used by parishioners. In
1896, it was finally inaugurated. But in 1706 and 1927, it was damaged by
earthquakes.

It is adorned with eight pilasters and 24 extravagant coral-block

buttresses and ornate stone finials that hold it up and protect it
against earthquake damage.

The bell tower was intended to be constructed at a

distance from the church to minimize damage should it fall.

Its altar and retablo are of a plain design compared to

others; the latter bears an only a statue of the
church’s patron saint, San Agustin.
House
BAHAY NA BATO

Casa mestiza or Bahay na bato is evolved from bahay kubo A new type of domestic architecture emerged from two
by developing a similarhouse having the same feature but centuries of gestation
on grader scale.
Combined the elements of the indigenous and Hispanic
The ground floor plan is an almost perfect presentation of building traditions
a traditional Filipino Balay na Bato. The Silong was used as
a carriage garage or a storage area. Ground floor is made Prevent the dangers posed by fires, earthquakes, and
of cutstone or bricks cyclones
FEATURES
Grillwork that protect the ground floor windows

Zaguan (vestibule), vestibule and lower part as storage area

The house is capped by a high hip roof with a 45-degree-

angle points to repel rain and discharge warm air.

Entresuelo (mezzanine area) – raised a meter

above ground. Used as offices for servants
GROUND FLOOR PLAN quarter.
House
BAHAY NA BATO

Upper floor is made of wood Beneath the pasamano (window sill), auxillary windows
called ventanillas, (small windows), reach to the floor.
It does not have a volada , a narrow perimeter corridor Protected with either iron grilles or wooden barandillas
normally featured in Spanish colonial houses. (baluster) and sliding wooden shutters
The second floor features three bedrooms, library, living
room, dining room, kitchen and a balcony. Caida (antesala)– Waiting area before being received.
This is the most immediate room from the stairs and
The staircase area is also features a traditional “caida” was an all purpose room for entertaining, sewing,
dancing, or even dining.

Sala (Living Room)– dances and balls were held during

fiestas and special occasions. European influence was
evident in the furniture, draperies, paintings, porcelain
jars, or piano adorning the sala.

Comedor (dining room) – well-furnished with

silverware, displayed in “plateras” or glasspaneled
cabinets or mesa platera.
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
School
COLEGIO AND ESCUELA PRIMARIA
The missionary task of bringing education, health care and social welfare to the indigenous subjects were zealously fulfilled by the
various religious order

TWO TYPES OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS

SURFACED DURING SPANISH PERIOD
• “Colegio” or “Universidad” found in urban areas COLEGIO DE SANTO TOMAS- MANILA (1611)
• “Escuela Primaria” found in different pueblos
It is the oldest existing university in Asia and it is the largest
Catholic university in the world in a single campus.

The institution was established through the initiative of Bishop

Miguel de Benavides, O.P., third Archbishop of Manila.

The founding of the University of Santo Tomas followed on April 28,

1611. With the original campus located in Intramuros, the Walled
City of Manila.

UST was first called Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santisimo

Rosario, and later renamed Colegio de Santo Tomas, in memory of
the foremost Dominican Theologian, St. Thomas Aquinas.
COLEGIO DE NIÑOS HUERFANOS DE SAN
JUAN DE LETRAN- MANILA (1620)
• Founded in 1620 by Don Juan Geromino Guerrero, Spanish
military captain
• Administered by the Dominican Friars
• Originally orphanage for the Spanish Boys
• Secondary education with bachelor degree in Arts
• Oldest college in the Philippines and the oldest secondary
institution in Asia.
• Many Philippine presidents have graduated
from this institution

ESCUELA MUNICIPAL DE MANILA (1859)

• Ateneo de Manila University began in 1859 when Spanish Jesuits
established Escuela Mnicipal de Manila, a public primary school established
in Intramuros for the city of Manil.
• In 1595, the Colegio de Manila was under the leadership of Antonio
Sedeño, S.J.
• In 1621, Pope Gregory XV, authorized the San Ignacio to cofer degrees in
theology and the arts and two years later, King Philip Iv of Spain confirmed
this authorization, making the school a royal and a pontifical university, the
first university in the Philippines and Asia.