i iπxl L
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Adarsh Bandii iπxl L
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Adarsh BandiCE 6130 : Finite Element Analysis
Assignment 2
1. Use the Rayleigh Ritz method with the infinite series v = Σai sin iπxl
L
with i = 1, 3, 5, ..n
to compute deflection and bending moment at the center for a simply supported beam
carrying
(a) Force Q at its center
(b) u.d.l. of intensity q
Compare exact and approximate results for 1,2,3 and 4 terms retained.
2. A uniformly loaded beam of uniform flexural stiffness EI is simply supported at its ends
x = 0 and x = L. In parts (a) and (b), determine the deflection and bending moment
predicted at x = L2 by a Rayleigh-Ritz solution that has a single d.o.f. Compare exact
and approximate results.
(a) Use the single d.o.f. algebraic expression v = a1 x(L − x).
(b) Use one term of a sine series.
(c) Why should you anticipate that part (b) will provide a more accurate result than
part (a)
3. Explain briefly the following
(a) Rayleigh Ritz method
(b) Weighted residual methods
(c) Galerkin method
(d) Petrov galerkin method
(e) Modified galerkin method
4. Explain with the help of examples the solution of a boundary value problem by
(a) Collocation method
(b) Least squares method
5. A cantilever beam is subjected to u.d.l., q and concentrated load, Q and moment M at
free end as shown in Figure 1. Solve the problem by Rayleigh-Ritz procedure by using
1
Figure 1
(a) Algebraic polynomials
(b) Trignometric functions
Compare the results of deflection and bending moment with exact solution.
6. For the cantilever bar loaded as shown in Figure 2, calculate the displacement and stresses
using Rayleigh-Ritz procedure. Compare the solution with exact results using one, two
and three terms in the polynomials.
Figure 2
7. Use the Rayleigh–Ritz method to find the displacement field u(x) of the rod in Figure 3.
Element 1 is made of aluminum, and element 2 is made of steel. The properties are
Eal = 97 GPa, A1 = 800mm2 , L1 = 300 mm
Est = 123 GPa, A2 = 1000mm2 , L2 = 500 mm
Load P = 8000 N. Assume a piecewise linear displacement field u = a1 + a2 x for 0 ≤ x ≤
300 mm and u = a3 + a4 x for 300 ≤ x ≤ 800 mm. Compare the Rayleigh–Ritz solution
with the analytical strength of materials solution.
2
Figure 3
8. Consider the functional I for minimization given by
dy 2
RL 1
dx + 21 h (ao − 800)2
I= 0 2
k dx
with y = 20 at x = 60. Given k = 20, h = 25, and L = 60, determine a0 , a1 , and a2 using
the polynomial approximation y(x) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 in the Rayleigh–Ritz method.
9. Consider the differential equation along with the initial condition
du
dx
+ 3u = x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
u(0) = 1
Solve this using Galerkin’s method assuming an initial approximation u = a + bx + cx2 .
10. Consider the differential equation
2
− ddxu2 = cosπx for 0 < x < 1
subject to the following three sets of boundary conditions:
(a) u(0) = 0, u(1) = 0
(b) u(0) = 0, du
dx
|x=1 = 0
(c) dx |x=0 = 0, du
du
dx
|x=1 = 0
Determine a three parameter solution, with trignometric functions, using (i)Rayleigh-Ritz
method, (ii)least squares method and (iii)collocation method at x = 41 , 21 and 34 . Compare
with exact soultions
