Paragraph Structure
Paragraph Structure
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Paragraph Structure
Words to Know In the previous exercises, you have learned to combine
paragraph sentences and vary your sentence beginnings. These
topic sentence skills will help you write better paragraphs. So what
supporting details should a well written paragraph look like?
closing sentence
First, a paragraph is defined as three or more sentences
that address the same subject. In other words, all the sentences are about the
same idea. A good paragraph has a topic sentence, (also called the main idea)
followed by sentences that support the main idea. These sentences are called
supporting details. The word “supporting” means “helping.” Finally, the
paragraph should end with a closing sentence, which restates the topic sentence
in different words, summarizes the paragraph, or links the paragraph to the next
idea being presented in the next paragraph.
A topic sentence is usually the first sentence of a paragraph. Topic sentences are
the main idea of the paragraph and give a hint as to what the paragraph will be
about. The other sentences in the paragraph give supporting details, and help to
further explain the main idea. Every sentence in a paragraph should be very
closely related to the topic sentence. Any sentence that does not relate to the
topic of the paragraph should be removed.
Read the paragraph below. Notice that the first sentence, the topic sentence,
introduces the main idea, while the other sentences in the paragraph all support
this main idea.
In order to endure the requirements of boxing, you must be physically
fit and well‐conditioned. Since your arms will need to be used for blocking
hits, it is important that you keep them strong. Your legs should be lean
and toned and you should be sure that you are light on your feet so that you
can keep moving. If you haven’t trained your arms and legs to endure the
stress and fatigue of fighting, you won’t last very long in the ring.
If there are parts of the paragraph that are not related or do not support the topic
sentence, they should be removed from the paragraph. Read the following
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paragraph. Notice that there is one sentence in the paragraph that does not
belong. This sentence has been crossed out.
There are many reasons the driving age should be raised from 16 to
18 years old. My sister got her license when she was sixteen. Teenagers
have a reputation for being reckless and dangerous when behind the wheel.
Teens have been known to pack a car full of friends, which leads them to
driving faster, often without seatbelts. In fact, teens should be put on a
limited permit for three years while they learn how to drive safely.
Why doesn’t this sentence fit in the paragraph? The fact that the writer’s sister
got her license when she was sixteen does not help the writer’s argument. It is
just extra information. Notice that the rest of the paragraph has to do with
teenaged drivers in general. By adding this specific sentence about the writer’s
sister, it ruins the flow of the paragraph. The paragraph would be better without
this out‐of‐place sentence.
Directions: Read the following paragraphs. First, cross out any unnecessary or
misplaced sentences in each paragraph. Then, in one or two sentences, explain
why you chose to cross out that particular sentence. In other words, why didn’t
this sentence fit?
1. An Eagle Scout is a Scout with the highest ranking in the Boy Scouts of
America. Since the award of Eagle Scout was introduced in 1911, the rank
has been earned by over one million young men. Requirements for the title
include earning merit badges and demonstrating service and leadership.
This includes an extensive project that the Scout plans, organizes, and
leads. The Girl Scouts give an equivalent badge, but it doesn’t require as
much time or effort.
Explanation:
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2. Edgar Allan Poe was an American short‐story writer, poet, editor, and
literary critic during the Romantic period. Beethoven was one of the
musicians of the Romantic era. Poe is best known for his dark tales of
mystery, and is often credited with inventing the genre of detective fiction.
Poe wrote the poem “Annabel Lee.”
Explanation:
3. Captain Marvel is a fictional comic book superhero published by DC Comics.
The character of Captain Marvel was created in 1939 by artist C.C. Beck and
writer Bill Parker, and is the alter ego of a news reporter, Billy Batson.
Hopefully, they will make a movie with Captain Marvel very soon.
Whenever Billy says “Shazam,” he is instantly struck by magic and is
transformed into the superhero Captain Marvel, with the abilities of six
different mythical figures.
Explanation:
Paragraph Formatting
Remember also that there is a format to writing a paragraph. Be sure that the
first line is indented. If you are typing a paragraph, you will want to space or tab
the line over so that it is clear where the paragraph begins. The remainder of the
lines in the paragraph should be in a straight line along the left margin. Look at
the diagram below to see what a paragraph looks like on the page.
Notice how this first sentence is indented and begins just a bit
“further in” than the other sentences. Also notice that when we keep
writing our paragraph, the left side lines are lined up in a straight
line, while the right side appears jagged or crooked. This is the
correct format for a paragraph.
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Developing Paragraph Details
Once you have become familiar with the concept of the Topic Sentence, it is
necessary for you to learn how details are developed for a paragraph. Here is an
example of how a paragraph is arranged:
A topic sentence, which has been indented five spaces from the left
margin of your page, begins your paragraph. Supporting details continue to
build on your thoughts mentioned in the topic sentence. More details build a
third and possibly a fourth and fifth supporting sentence. Then finally, a last
supporting sentence ends the paragraph.
Supporting details can be facts, statistics, examples, anecdotes, quotations,
definitions, reasons, and/or comparisons between two or more things. To help
you build a great paragraph, insert your own words into the paragraph that is
missing words below.
One of my favorite places to visit is _______________________________.
I love to go there because _____________________________________________.
One of the best things about this place is ________________________________.
When I am there, I feel _______________________________________ because I
especially like to ____________________________________________________.
In fact, I love visiting ___________________________________________ so
much, I plan to go there __________________________________________.
While this paragraph isn’t the most exciting, it is a very basic illustration of how
easy it is to put a paragraph together. Note that a paragraph should have
between four and six sentences.
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Elements of the Paragraph
Here is a review of the elements of each sentence in a paragraph:
1. Topic Sentence (TS): In one sentence, tell what the paragraph will be
about. Avoid using the words “this paragraph will be about…” or
something similar. You don’t go up to someone and say “I am going to talk
to you about…” Do you? Probably not. You just say it! That is the rule for
writing, too—just say it!
Ex. Exercising regularly has many benefits.
2. Supporting Sentence #1 (SS1): Choose one aspect of the main idea to talk
about. Think about the benefits of exercising regularly. How often should
we exercise? What types of exercise are good for us? How do we motivate
ourselves? Choose ONE of these questions to answer in Supporting
Sentence #1.
Ex. Experts say that exercise helps to improve your mood by
releasing a body chemical called “endorphins.”
(*Note that improving your mood is one of the benefits of regular exercise.)
3. Supporting Sentence #2 (SS2): Now, take the information you just gave
and give an example.
Ex. Taking 30 minutes out of your day three days a week can give you
more time to bond with your dog just by walking with him, and that
can make you both feel better.
(*Note that time to bond, which makes both of you feel better, is another of the
benefits of regular exercise.)
4. Supporting Sentence #3 (SS3): Now take the information you just gave in
Supporting Sentence #2 and give another example.
Ex. In fact, going for a walk with your dog will not only improve
your own health, but will also make your dog healthier.
(*Note, again, that walking for improved health is one more of the benefits of
regular exercise. In Supporting Sentences 1‐3 above, we have not introduced a
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new idea, but we have given examples of some of the benefits of regular
exercise.)
5. Concluding Sentence (CS): Now “wrap up” your sentence by restating your
topic sentence in different words or summarizing the main idea of the
paragraph.
Ex. While finding time to exercise may sometimes seem
difficult, it can offer many benefits to your health.
Let’s take a look at this paragraph as a whole.
Exercising regularly has many benefits. Experts say that exercise
helps to improve your mood by releasing a body chemical called
“endorphins.” Taking 30 minutes out of your day three days a week can give
you more time to bond with your dog just by walking with him, and that can
make you both feel better. In fact, going for a walk with your dog will not
only improve your own health, but will also make your dog healthier. While
finding time to exercise may sometimes seem difficult, it can offer many
benefits to your health.
Directions: Complete the following paragraphs by writing sentences to support
the topic sentence given. Be sure that your paragraphs have four sentences in
addition to the topic sentence, and that all sentences follow the guidelines given
on pages 69 and 73. Once you have written all your sentences, rewrite the
sentences in paragraph form on the lines provided.
1) Topic Sentence (TS): In order to do well on tests, students should spend time
studying before the test is given.
Supporting Sentence #1 (SS1): (Choose one aspect of the main idea to talk about:
How much time should a student spend studying? Where should a student
study? How should a student study? When should a student begin to study?
Choose ONE question to answer in Supporting Sentence #1.)
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Supporting Sentence #2 (SS2): (Now, take the information you just gave and give
an example.)
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Supporting Sentence #3 (SS3): (Now take the information you just gave in
Supporting Sentence #2 and give another example.)
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Concluding Sentence (CS): (Now “wrap up” your paragraph by restating your
topic sentence in different words or summarizing the main idea of the
paragraph.)
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Now, rewrite your sentences into paragraph form below.
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2) TS: Parents can help their child be more successful in school by allowing him
or her time to get homework done.
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SS3:_______________________________________________________________
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CS:________________________________________________________________
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Rewrite your sentences into paragraph form below.
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