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Question # 1a: Vo 1 Vo 1 2 16 Vo 1 32 V Vo 0 Vo 0

This document contains solutions to multiple circuit analysis problems involving concepts like Kirchhoff's laws, operational amplifiers, transistors, and multivibrators. Nodal analysis and voltage division are applied to find voltages. Design calculations are shown for an op-amp differentiator. Characteristics of transistors and SCRs are analyzed.

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Muhammad abdur rehman
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69 views

Question # 1a: Vo 1 Vo 1 2 16 Vo 1 32 V Vo 0 Vo 0

This document contains solutions to multiple circuit analysis problems involving concepts like Kirchhoff's laws, operational amplifiers, transistors, and multivibrators. Nodal analysis and voltage division are applied to find voltages. Design calculations are shown for an op-amp differentiator. Characteristics of transistors and SCRs are analyzed.

Uploaded by

Muhammad abdur rehman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question # 1a

Solution:
−40 k
Vo 1= ∗(6 +10)
20 k
Vo 1=−2∗16
Vo 1=−32 V
Now we apply nodal analysis we get
−32 8 Vo−0
+ + =0
20 10 100
−4 −Vo−0
=
5 100
−400=−5 Vo
−400
=Vo
−5
400
=Vo
5
Vo = 80V

Question # 1b

Solution:

i. When the switch s2 is opened and switch 𝑆1 is closed then no current will flow through
the circuit and no current will flow through the bulb, therefore bulb is not on. Bulb is off
ii. When both switch closed then the SCR on and the value of ig is not equal to zero and the
current will flow through the circuit due to this bulb will be glow.
 In the above circuit shown in the circuit SCR is act like a switch.
Question # 1c

Solution:

Gate cathode characteristic of the SCR that shown is


Vs = 10IG +1
VGIG = 6
Solving the above two equation we get
VG = 10(6/VG) +1
Vs2 = 60+VG
Vs2 -VG-60 = 0
Vs = 8.3V
Now finding the value of IG
IG = 6/ VG
IG = 0.73A

Apply Kirchhoff's Voltage Law to find the value of


RG we get

-15+ IGRG + Vs = -15+ 0.73RG + 8.


RG = 9.17 Ohm
Question # 2

Solution:
Apply the Kirchhoff's Voltage Law in loop 1
(Ie1 + Ie2)RE + Ie1re+V1 = 0
(Ie1 + Ie2)RE + Ie1re1 = -V1 ----------Equation (a
Apply Kirchhoff's Voltage Law in loop 2
(Ie1 + Ie2)RE + Ie2r2+V2 = 0
(Ie1 + Ie2)RE + Ie2re2 = -V2 ----------Equation (b
Solving the equation a and b with the help of elimination method we get the value of Ie1 and Ie2
−V 1 ( ℜ+ℜ ) +V 2 ℜ
Ie ( 1 ) =
(ℜ+ ℜ)2−ℜ2
−V 2 ( ℜ+ ℜ) +V 1 ℜ
Ie ( 2 ) =
( ℜ+ ℜ)2−ℜ2
As shown in above figure
Vo = Vc1
C = (alpha*Ie1)*RC
V o=aplha∗Rc ¿]
But as shown in the figure re <<RE therefore
(−V 2+V 1)+ ℜ
V o=Rc[ ]
2 ℜ∗ℜ
Vo −alpha∗ℜ
= A=
V 1−V 2 2ℜ
Vo −gmRc
=
V 1−V 2 2
Vo −hfeRc
=
V 1−V 2 2 hie
When the value of alpha is equal to 1 then
Vo −ℜ
= Av=
V 1−V 2 2ℜ

Dc Analysis:
Apply Kirchhoff's Voltage Law in the circuit that is shown in the question we get
0-0.7-24*2*IE + 12 = 0
IE = 0.235mA
As we known that IE = IC therefore the value of IC is
Ic = 0.235mA
12 – 16IC1 –VC = 0
IC1 = Ic
VC = 13-16*0.235 = 8.24V
VC = 8.24V
12-16IC2-VCE1 – 24*2*IE + 12 = 0
VCE1 = 24-16*Ic -48*IE ---------(c)
Putting the value of Ic and IE in equation © we get
VCE1 = 24-16*0.235 -48*0.235
VCE1 = 8.96V

Question # 3a
Solution: (Design Calculation)

DC voltage Gain:
Gain = R2/R1
AC Voltage Gain:
Cascade is an inverting amplifier with the unity gain to eliminate the negative sign.
Let us consider
R1 = 100 ohms
Therefore R2 = 1200 ohm
R2 = 1.2kohm
AC gain at frequency = 1.5 kHz is = 0 dB = 1
C1 = 0.9uF
Now design this circuit and run this circuit on Multisim Software. The circuit diagram of
Operational Amplifier IC based Practical Differentiator is given below:

The Square wave, the Triangular Waves, the Sinusoidal Waves is shown in the given below:

The graph of gain and the Frequency curve for frequency range from 100Hz to 2MHz for the
sinusoidal input is given below:
The value of the gain and the Frequency curve is given below:

 As we can see from the graph square wave is integrated into a triangular wave.
 Triangular wave is integrated into a sinusoidal wave
 Sin wave is integrated into a cosine wave
Question # 3b

Solution:
a) As we known that

1
fr=
2∗pi∗RC∗√ 2 N
R=¿
Consider the value of C = 3.3nF
The value of Fo is equal to 4KHZ (given in the question)
0.065
R=
( Fo∗C)
0.065
R=
(4 K∗3.3∗10−9 )
R = 4924.24ohm
R = 4.924Kohm

b) Diagram
Question # 4a

Solution:
As we can see the valve of the resistance all value of the resistance are the same i.e.
R1 = R2 = R3 = 15Kohm = 15000ohm
Applying the Apply Kirchhoff's Voltage Law we get the equation of the circuit
¿ V ¿ ¿+V ¿ ¿
¿
V(+) –V(o) + V(+) + 12 + V(+) – 12 = 0
3 V (+) = V (o)
V (+) = V (o) / 3
So,
V(o) = - Vsat = -13/3V
V(o) = -+Vsat = +13/3V
The graph of the circuit is given below:
Question # 4b

Solution:
Part 1
Vo = VZ –VBE
Vo = 8.2 – 0.7
Vo = 7.5V
VCE = VI – VO
When Vi = 15V then
VCE = 15-7.5 = 7.5V
When Vi = 20V then
VCE =20-7.5 = 12.5V
12.5−8.2
IR=
RS
12.5−8.2
RS=
2
RS = 5.82 ohm = 6ohm
Part 2
P = I2R = 5.82*5
P = 11.7W
Part 3
P = V2/R
P = 8.2/5.82
P = 1.14W
Question # 4c
Solution:
As we known the formula of nonstable multi-vibrator circuit which is given below:
T = 1.1RAC
1.1RAC = 8ms
8ms = 0.008s
1.1RAC = 0.008
RAC = 0.0072
Let consider C = 1 uF
RA = (0.0072)/ 1 uF
RA = 7200 ohm

Maximum voltage = 2/3 VCC = 2/3 (24) = 16

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