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Linux Command Ad Syntax File Listing Listing (Alphabetical) Long Listing

This document provides an overview of common Linux commands and their syntax, including commands for file listing (ls), changing directories (cd), administrative access (su, sudo), permissions (chmod, chown), copying files (cp, dd), filtering input (grep), viewing processes (ps), password management, and using the vi text editor. It describes the basic syntax and functionality of each command.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
45 views10 pages

Linux Command Ad Syntax File Listing Listing (Alphabetical) Long Listing

This document provides an overview of common Linux commands and their syntax, including commands for file listing (ls), changing directories (cd), administrative access (su, sudo), permissions (chmod, chown), copying files (cp, dd), filtering input (grep), viewing processes (ps), password management, and using the vi text editor. It describes the basic syntax and functionality of each command.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linux Command ad Syntax

● File listing
○ Listing (alphabetical)
■ ls
○ long listing
■ ls -l
● - rw-r--r-- 1 prashant mithigateway 2839 May 8 15:52 test.txt
● <File Type> <Permissions> <No of Hard links> <User> <Group>
<Size> <Timestamp> <FileName>
● File Types

○ Alphabetical reverse listing


■ ls -lr
○ Listing according to timestamp
■ ls -lt
○ Listing according to reverse timestamp
■ ls -ltr
○ Sort by File size
■ ls -S
● Changing Directory
○ cd [options] [path]
○ Absolute Paths
■ An absolute path allows you to specify the exact location of a directory. It
always starts at the root directory, therefore it always begins with the /
character.
■ The path to the home directory /home/sysadminis an absolute path.
○ Relative Path
■ A relative path gives directions to a file relative to your current location in
the filesystem.
■ Relative paths do not start with the / character, they start with the name of
a directory.
○ The . Character
■ the . character always represents your current directory.
○ The ~ Character
■ The home directory of the current user is represented by the ~ character.
○ The .. Characters
■ .. always represents one directory higher relative to the current directory.
(Parent dir)
● Administrative Access
○ Su /su - /su -l/su --login
■ su OPTIONS USERNAME
■ The su command allows you to temporarily act as a different user. It does
this by creating a new shell.
■ The shell is simply a text input console that lets you type in commands.
By default, if a user account is not specified, the su command will open a
new shell as the root user, which provides administrative privileges.
○ Sudo
■ sudo [OPTIONS] COMMAND
■ The sudo command allows a user to execute a command as another user
without creating a new shell.
■ Execute the command as the root user by putting sudo in front of it.
■ The sudo command only provides administrative access for the execution
of the specified command.
● Permissions
○ Permissions determine the ways different users can interact with a file or
directory.
○ Permissions Field

■ Owner

■ Group
■ Other

● Permission Types
○ There are three different permissions that can be placed on a file or
directory: read, write, and execute.
● Changing File Permissions

○ The chmod command is used to change the permissions of a file or


directory. Only the root user or the user who owns the file is able to
change the permissions of a file.
○ There are two techniques for changing permissions with the chmod
command: symbolic and octal.
○ Symbolic : rwx
○ Octal : 4(read) + 2(write) + 1(execute) = 7
● Changing File Ownership
○ The owner of a file is the user who creates it.
○ The chown command is used to change the ownership of files and
directories.
○ Changing the user owner requires administrative access. A regular user
cannot use this command to change the user owner of a file, even to give
the ownership of one of their own files to another user.
○ chown [OPTIONS] [OWNER] FILE
● Copying Files
○ cp
○ dd
■ dd [OPTIONS] OPERAND
■ It can be used to clone or delete (wipe) entire disks or partitions.
■ It can be used to copy raw data to removable devices, such as
USB drives and CDROMs.
■ It can backup and restore the MBR (Master Boot Record).
■ It can be used to create a file of a specific size that is filled with
binary zeros, which can then be used as a swap file (virtual
memory).
● Filtering Input
○ grep [OPTIONS] PATTERN [FILE]
○ The grep command is a text filter that will search input and return lines
which contain a match to a given pattern.

○ Regular Expressions
● Viewing Processes
○ The ps command can be used to list processes.
■ ps [OPTIONS]
○ Running a command results in something called a process.
○ In the Linux operating system, processes are executed with the privileges of the
user who executes the command.

○ This allows for processes to be limited to certain capabilities based upon the user
identity.
● Password Management

● Vi Editor




○ Ex Mode

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