Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table (Instructor Version)

Instructor Note: Red font color or gray highlights indicate text that appears in the instructor copy only.

Topology

Addressing Table
Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask

S1 VLAN 1 192.168.1.11 255.255.255.0

S2 VLAN 1 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.0
PC-A NIC 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
PC-B NIC 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

Objectives
Part 1: Build and Configure the Network
Part 2: Examine the Switch MAC Address Table

Background / Scenario
The purpose of a Layer 2 LAN switch is to deliver Ethernet frames to host devices on the local network. The
switch records host MAC addresses that are visible on the network, and maps those MAC addresses to its
own Ethernet switch ports. This process is called building the MAC address table. When a switch receives a
frame from a PC, it examines the frame’s source and destination MAC addresses. The source MAC address
is recorded and mapped to the switch port from which it arrived. Then the destination MAC address is looked
up in the MAC address table. If the destination MAC address is a known address, then the frame is forwarded
out of the corresponding switch port associated with that MAC address. If the MAC address is unknown, then
the frame is broadcasted out of all switch ports, except the one from which it came. It is important to observe
and understand the function of a switch and how it delivers data on the network. The way a switch operates
has implications for network administrators whose job it is to ensure secure and consistent network
communication.
Switches are used to interconnect and deliver information to computers on local area networks. Switches
deliver Ethernet frames to host devices identified by network interface card MAC addresses.

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

In Part 1, you will build a multi-switch topology with a trunk linking the two switches. In Part 2, you will ping
various devices and observe how the two switches build their MAC address tables.
Note: The switches used are Cisco Catalyst 2960s with Cisco IOS Release 15.2(2) (lanbasek9 image). Other
switches and Cisco IOS versions can be used. Depending on the model and Cisco IOS version, the
commands available and output produced might vary from what is shown in the labs.
Note: Make sure that the switches have been erased and have no startup configurations. If you are unsure
contact your instructor.
Instructor Note: Refer to the Instructor Lab Manual for the procedures to initialize and reload devices.

Required Resources
 2 Switches (Cisco 2960 with Cisco IOS Release 15.2(2) lanbasek9 image or comparable)
 2 PCs (Windows with terminal emulation program, such as Tera Term)
 Console cables to configure the Cisco IOS devices via the console ports
 Ethernet cables as shown in the topology
Note: The Fast Ethernet interfaces on Cisco 2960 switches are autosensing and an Ethernet straight-through
cable may be used between switches S1 and S2. If using another model Cisco switch, it may be necessary to
use an Ethernet crossover cable.

Instructions

Part 1: Build and Configure the Network

Step 1: Cable the network according to the topology.

Step 2: Configure PC hosts.

Step 3: Initialize and reload switches as necessary.

Step 4: Configure basic settings for each switch.

Open configuration window

a. Configure device name as shown in the topology.

b. Configure IP address as listed in Addressing Table.
c. Assign cisco as the console and vty passwords.
d. Assign class as the privileged EXEC password.
Close configuration window

Part 2: Examine the Switch MAC Address Table

A switch learns MAC addresses and builds the MAC address table, as network devices initiate
communication on the network.

Step 1: Record network device MAC addresses.

a. Open a command prompt on PC-A and PC-B and type ipconfig /all.
Open Windows command prompt
Question:

What are the Ethernet adapter physical addresses?

PC-A MAC Address:
Type your answers here.

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

Answers will vary. The MAC address in this example is 00-50-56-B3-27-D6.

PC-B MAC Address:
Type your answers here.
Answers will vary. The MAC address in this example is 00-50-56-B3-FF-54.
Close Windows command prompt

b. Console into switch S1 and S2 and type the show interface F0/1 command on each switch.
Open a configuration window
Questions:

On the second line of command output, what is the hardware addresses (or burned-in address [bia])?
S1 Fast Ethernet 0/1 MAC Address:
Type your answers here.
Answers will vary. From the example output below, the S1 F0/1 MAC address is 0cd9.96e2.3d01.
S2 Fast Ethernet 0/1 MAC Address:
Type your answers here.
Answers will vary. From the example output below, the S2 F0/1 MAC address is 0cd9.96d2.3f81.
S1# show interface f0/1
FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
Hardware is Fast Ethernet, address is 001a.e3cf.b883 (bia 001a.e3cf.b883)
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,
<output omitted>

S2# show interface f0/1

FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
Hardware is Fast Ethernet, address is 0025.83e6.9081 (bia 0025.83e6.9081)
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit/sec, DLY 100 usec,
<output omitted>
Close a configuration window

Step 2: Display the switch MAC address table.

Console into switch S2 and view the MAC address table, both before and after running network
communication tests with ping.
a. Establish a console connection to S2 and enter privileged EXEC mode.
Open a configuration window

b. In privileged EXEC mode, type the show mac address-table command and press Enter.
S2# show mac address-table
Even though there has been no network communication initiated across the network (i.e., no use of ping),
it is possible that the switch has learned MAC addresses from its connection to the PC and the other
switch.
Questions:

Are there any MAC addresses recorded in the MAC address table?
Type your answers here.
The switch may have one or more MAC addresses in its table, based on whether or not the students
entered a ping command when configuring the network. The switch will most likely have learned MAC
addresses through S1’s F0/1 switch port. The switch will record multiple MAC addresses of hosts learned
through the connection to the other switch on F0/1.
S2# show mac address-table
Mac Address Table
-------------------------------------------

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

Vlan Mac Address Type Ports

---- ----------- -------- -----
All 0100.0ccc.cccc STATIC CPU
All 0100.0ccc.cccd STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0000 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0001 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0002 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0003 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0004 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0005 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0006 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0007 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0008 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0009 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000a STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000b STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000c STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000d STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000e STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000f STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0010 STATIC CPU
All ffff.ffff.ffff STATIC CPU
1 001a.e3cf.b883 DYNAMIC Fa0/1
Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 21

What MAC addresses are recorded in the table? To which switch ports are they mapped and to which
devices do they belong? Ignore MAC addresses that are mapped to the CPU.
Type your answers here.
There may be multiple MAC addresses recorded in the MAC address table, especially MAC addresses
learned through S1’s F0/1 switch port. In the example output above, the S1 F0/1 MAC address and PC-A
MAC address are mapped to S2 F0/1.
If you had not previously recorded MAC addresses of network devices in Step 1, how could you tell which
devices the MAC addresses belong to, using only the output from the show mac address-table
command? Does it work in all scenarios?
Type your answers here.
The output of the show mac address-table command shows the port that the MAC address was learned
on. In most cases this would identify which network device the MAC address belongs to, except in the
case of multiple MAC addresses associated to the same port. This happens when switches are
connected to other switches and record all of the MAC addresses for devices connected to the other
switch.

Step 3: Clear the S2 MAC address table and display the MAC address table again.
a. In privileged EXEC mode, type the clear mac address-table dynamic command and press Enter.
S2# clear mac address-table dynamic
b. Quickly type the show mac address-table command again.
Questions:

Does the MAC address table have any addresses in it for VLAN 1? Are there other MAC addresses
listed?

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

Type your answers here.

No. The student will most likely discover that the MAC address for the other switch’s F0/1 switch port has
been quickly reinserted in the MAC address table.
S2# show mac address-table
Mac Address Table
-------------------------------------------

Vlan Mac Address Type Ports

---- ----------- -------- -----
All 0100.0ccc.cccc STATIC CPU
All 0100.0ccc.cccd STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0000 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0001 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0002 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0003 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0004 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0005 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0006 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0007 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0008 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0009 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000a STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000b STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000c STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000d STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000e STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000f STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0010 STATIC CPU
All ffff.ffff.ffff STATIC CPU
1 001a.e3cf.b883 DYNAMIC Fa0/1
Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 21

Wait 10 seconds, type the show mac address-table command, and press Enter. Are there new
addresses in the MAC address table?
Type your answers here.
Answers will vary. There may be more MAC addresses in the table.
Close a configuration window

Step 4: From PC-B, ping the devices on the network and observe the switch MAC address table.
a. From PC-B, open a command prompt and type arp -a.
Open a command prompt
Question:

Not including multicast or broadcast addresses, how many device IP-to-MAC address pairs have been
learned by ARP?
Type your answers here.
Answers will vary. The ARP cache may have no entries in it, or it may have the gateway IP address to
MAC address mapping.
C:\Users\PC-B> arp –a
<output omitted>
Interface: 192.168.1.2 --- 0x6

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

Internet Address Physical Address Type

192.168.1.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static
224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static
224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc static
255.255.255.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static

b. From the PC-B command prompt, ping PC-A, S1, and S2.
Question:

Did all devices have successful replies? If not, check your cabling and IP configurations.
Type your answers here.
If the network was cabled and configured correctly the answer should be yes.
Close a command prompt

c. From a console connection to S2, enter the show mac address-table command.
Open a configuration window
Question:

Has the switch added additional MAC addresses to the MAC address table? If so, which addresses and
devices?
Type your answers here.
There may only be one additional MAC address mapping added to the table, most likely the MAC address
of PC-A.
S2# show mac address-table
Mac Address Table
-------------------------------------------

Vlan Mac Address Type Ports

---- ----------- -------- -----
All 0100.0ccc.cccc STATIC CPU
All 0100.0ccc.cccd STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0000 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0001 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0002 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0003 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0004 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0005 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0006 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0007 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0008 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0009 STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000a STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000b STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000c STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000d STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000e STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.000f STATIC CPU
All 0180.c200.0010 STATIC CPU
All ffff.ffff.ffff STATIC CPU
1 001a.e3cf.b883 DYNAMIC Fa0/1
1 001a.e3cf.b8c0 DYNAMIC Fa0/1
1 0050.56b3.27d6 DYNAMIC Fa0/1
1 0050.56b3.ff54 DYNAMIC Fa0/18

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 24

Close a configuration window
Open a command prompt

From PC-B, open a command prompt and retype arp -a.

Question:

Does the PC-B ARP cache have additional entries for all network devices that were sent pings?
Type your answers here.
Answers may vary, but the ARP cache on PC-B should have more entries.
C:\Users\PC-B> arp –a
<output omitted>
Interface: 192.168.1.2 --- 0x6
Internet Address Physical Address Type
192.168.1.1 00-50-56-b3-27-d6 dynamic
192.168.1.11 00-1a-e3-cf-b8-c0 dynamic
192.168.1.12 00-25-83-e6-90-c0 dynamic
192.168.1.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static
224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static
224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc static
239.255.255.250 01-00-5e-7f-ff-fa static
Close a command prompt

Reflection Question
On Ethernet networks, data is delivered to devices by their MAC addresses. For this to happen, switches and
PCs dynamically build ARP caches and MAC address tables. With only a few computers on the network this
process seems fairly easy. What might be some of the challenges on larger networks?
Type your answers here.
ARP broadcasts could cause broadcast storms. Because ARP and switch MAC tables do not authenticate or
validate the IP addresses to MAC addresses it would be easy to spoof a device on the network.
End of Document

Device Configs

Switch S1
S1# show running-config
Building configuration...

version 15.0
no service pad
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname S1
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
enable secret 5 $1$lRkm$DFlxhlhb6FCHl4J.ux4Fb/
!
no aaa new-model

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

system mtu routing 1500

!
spanning-tree mode pvst
spanning-tree extend system-id
!
vlan internal allocation policy ascending
!
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
!
interface FastEthernet0/5
!
interface FastEthernet0/6
!
interface FastEthernet0/7
!
interface FastEthernet0/8
!
interface FastEthernet0/9
!
interface FastEthernet0/10
!
interface FastEthernet0/11
!
interface FastEthernet0/12
!
interface FastEthernet0/13
!
interface FastEthernet0/14
!
interface FastEthernet0/15
!
interface FastEthernet0/16
!
interface FastEthernet0/17
!
interface FastEthernet0/18
!
interface FastEthernet0/19
!
interface FastEthernet0/20
!
interface FastEthernet0/21

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

!
interface FastEthernet0/22
!
interface FastEthernet0/23
!
interface FastEthernet0/24
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
!
interface Vlan1
ip address 192.168.1.11 255.255.255.0
!
ip http server
ip http secure-server
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
password cisco
login
line vty 5 15
login
!
end

Switch S2
S2#show running-config
Building configuration...

version 15.0
no service pad
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname S2
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
enable secret 5 $1$lRkm$DFlxhlhb6FCHl4J.ux4Fb/
!
no aaa new-model
system mtu routing 1500
!
spanning-tree mode pvst
spanning-tree extend system-id
!

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

vlan internal allocation policy ascending

!
interface FastEthernet0/1
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
!
interface FastEthernet0/5
!
interface FastEthernet0/6
!
interface FastEthernet0/7
!
interface FastEthernet0/8
!
interface FastEthernet0/9
!
interface FastEthernet0/10
!
interface FastEthernet0/11
!
interface FastEthernet0/12
!
interface FastEthernet0/13
!
interface FastEthernet0/14
!
interface FastEthernet0/15
!
interface FastEthernet0/16
!
interface FastEthernet0/17
!
interface FastEthernet0/18
!
interface FastEthernet0/19
!
interface FastEthernet0/20
!
interface FastEthernet0/21
!
interface FastEthernet0/22
!
interface FastEthernet0/23
!
interface FastEthernet0/24
!

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Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table

interface GigabitEthernet0/1
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
!
interface Vlan1
ip address 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.0
!
ip http server
ip http secure-server
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
password cisco
login
line vty 5 15
login
!
end

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