Template C

Project Report
On
“Railway Reservation System”
Submitted to
School of Applied Sciences

Project No: CSE 16 B 103

S. No. Name Roll No
1 Amit Chaudhary 1610991096
2 Akshay Kumar 1610991072
3 Akshit Jairath 1610991078
4 Akshay Naudiyal 1610991073
5 Akshay Sethi 1610991074

Under the supervision

Of
Mrs. Sonam Mittal
Railway Reservation
System
Abstract
For journey of longer distances though we have airways most of the people use the railways,
which is most convenient, affordable means of transport in India. So keeping this in view, the
reservation of railways is a most important task and it must be faster and efficient as the demand
(travelers) is very high. In order to meet this demand, manual reservation is completely ruled
out and it requires an efficient program to implement the online reservation.

This program enables us to choose the train even there is no necessary to fill a form at the
railway reservation counter, i.e. we can directly select from the choices provided for us with
train numbers and their origin, departure time, destination & arrival time at that station and the
class to travel in. If there is any concession, we can also avail it and then program gives us the
final output as train ticket with the amount to be paid. It is completely developed in C++
language without using graphics.

Introduction
Railway ticket reservation will help the passengers to book their tickets for their journey, search
train between two stations and get details of particular train schedules including their fare
details. To use this system, its users should be registered and should have a valid login and
password to make their reservation. Even if users who have not their valid login id and
password can make new registration and get their id and set password as per their choice. The
main objective of this login module is to keep each passenger safe which will not allowed to
make fraud and make their transactions secure. After making registration passengers have to
enter the source and destination station name and the system will able to provide the list of all
available trains for particular destination and their arrival and departure time and date. Upon
selecting particular train, system will able to display the number of seats available under
particular coach type and coach will be either sleeper class, three tier or two tier. To book their
tickets passengers have to select coach type and total number of passengers and passengers will
be provided with choice to select the seat numbers as per their location and their location also
such as upper birth, middle birth or lower birth or seat chair. When all the selection work will be
done, passengers will be provided with total fare charges and mode of payment which they want
to select for making final payment.

Problem Definition:

Despite latest upgrades, IRCTC website is slow and hard to transact in peak hours. Increasing
booking charges by IRCTC. Many times money gets deducted but the ticket is not booked on
the IRCTC website. The refund process on the IRCTC website is very lengthy. Tough to even
login during the Tatkal Hours to book the tickets. Tatkal tickets are sold out within minutes of
opening up (while agents can get them). Long queues at the ticket counters. Number of ticket
windows not in right proportion to citizen demand. Senior Citizens and handicapped persons are
also allotted Upper Berth by the system. Cancellation charges too low, due to which people
block the seats and cancel at last minute, depriving a needy person.

Literature Survey
It took almost 150 years of continuous upgradations for Indian Railways to reach where they
are. It all started in 1835 at Chintadripet, near Madras, which later became the Red Hill
Railroad.

TIMELINE OF INDIAN RAILWAYS:

 On 16th Apr 1853, a train with 14 railway carriages and 400 guests left Bombay's
Bori Bunder for Thane, with a 21-gun salute. It was hauled by three locomotives:
Sindh, Sultan, and Sahib. The journey took an hour and fifteen minutes. This is the
first commercial passenger train in India.
 In 1982, Indian Railways (IR) set up a central organization (COFOIS) to computerize
freight operations.
 Till 1985, All tickets were issued manually and Stand-alone Computerized ticketing
and reservation was introduced in multiple phases
 In 1985 as pilot project at New Delhi
 In June 1987 at Bombay
 In July 1987 at Chennai
 In Oct 1987 at Kolkata
 In July 1989 at Secunderabad
 In 1986 the Ministry of Railways established CRIS, an umbrella organization for all
information technology-related activities on Indian Railways merging COFOIS.
 In 1989, the train numbers were standardized to four digits Universal numbering.
 In 1990, First Self-Printing Ticket Machine (SPTM) was introduced, at New Delhi.
 In 1990, CONCERT (Country-wide Network for Computerized Enhanced
Reservation & Ticketing) developed by CRIS is a total networking solution to Indian
Railways Passenger Reservation System.
 In 1993, AC 3-tier coaches & Sleeper class are introduced apart from second class.

 The CONCERT software has been successfully implemented at all of the five PRS'
sites
o Secunderabad in Sept. 1994
o New Delhi in Sept. 1996
o Calcutta 14th June 1998
o Mumbai on 11th Jan 1999
o Chennai on 12th April 1999

This complete network became operational on 18th April 1999. The CONCERT was developed
using client-server model for distributed computing is a total solution to the networking of the
PRSs. All the five sites have been internet-worked over a 64 kbps line using routers, on
leased communication line connections from Department of Telecom (DOT).
 In 1998, Coupon Validating Machines (CVMs) introduced at Mumbai CST.
 In 1999, Credit cards accepted for booking tickets and reservations in some stations
(including Mumbai CST).
 In February 2000, Indian Railways web site was deployed.
 In 2001, IVRS ('Interactive Voice Response System') for telephonic enquiries about
trains introduced in some stations.
 On 03 Aug 2002, Indian Railways begins online train reservations and ticketing over
the Internet.
 On 01 Dec 2002, Internet ticket booking extended to more cities.
 On 12 Aug 2005, IRCTC introduces E-ticketing for IR.

 On 26 Aug 2005, ticketing by SMS begins from IRCTC.

 In May 2014, IRCTC introduced Next Gen e-Ticketing system to upgrade its
capacity.

Methodology

We analyzed and conclude that project can be implemented using 3 major modules:
(i) Ticket Reservation
(ii) Ticket Cancellation
(iii) Status checking

They can be represented in DATA FLOW DIAGRAM as: -

Context Level Diagram

Reservation DFD
Cancellation DFD

This is the module one and this comprises of following subtasks: -

i. Checking for availability
ii. Accepting details Data store
iii. Journey planner

Checking for Availability

This is the process of checking the train’s database to check whether seats are vacant or not.
That is the whether the ticket that will be reserved is ‘Available’ or ‘RAC’ or a ‘Waiting list’.

Accepting Details:
This includes following steps: -
a) Gathering passenger details
b) Processing the ticket request
c) Calculation of fare
d) Issuing the PNR
e) Issuing ticket details

Journey Planner:
This is an innovative idea we are proposing. Software’s first and foremost requirement is that it
should lessen or eliminate manual exertion. That is, it should be as user friendly as possible.
Now what we propose to achieve by this is, by just entering the starting and ending station, we
will get the list of following details
1. Direct trains to the destination
2. Connection trains which are feasible

Status Monitoring
This process lets the passenger / operator know the status of the ticket. There are three possible
states for a ticket to be in
a) Confirmed
b) RAC
c) Waiting list
This process is used to issue the current state of the ticket.

Ticket Cancelling
This is the task of canceling a railway ticket. Cancellation leads to the rearrangement of the
database containing the allotted passenger’s details.
a) Cancellation of a confirmed ticket involves transforming the RAC-1 to the cancelled
ticket and moving all the RAC and Waiting list entries up by one.
b) Cancellation of a RAC involves moving the succeeding RAC and waiting list entries up
by one.
c) Cancellation of a Waiting list just involves the moving up by one all the succeeding
Waiting list entries.

Theoretical/ Experimental Details

C++ Language was used in this project. Coding Languages used were:
 Turbo C++
 Codeblocks

C++ is a general-purpose object-oriented programming (OOP) language, developed by Bjarne

Stroustrup, and is an extension of the C language. It is therefore possible to code C++ in a "C
style" or "object-oriented style."
Turbo C++ was used to execute the program and Codeblocks was used for coding.
These Softwares were run in Windows 10 Pro OS
Several Classes (4) & Functions (10) were used in this program.
Classes:

Functions:

Project Scope:
This program involves very fast processing, so tickets are booked, cancel at a very high speed. It
uses login ID and password both for admin and user so it involves safety for both. Special
reservation is given to military, senior citizens & children. The refund process is really small,
only PNR number and train date is needed.
Conclusion:

This program involves very fast processing, so tickets are booked, cancel at a very high speed. It
uses login ID and password both for admin and user so it involves safety for both. Special
reservation is given to military, senior citizens & children. The refund process is really small,
only PNR number and train date is needed.

References

1. Programming with C++ - Sumita Arora

2. ITPL – Joyce Farrell
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fwKlU9AwSY&list=PLfVsf4Bjg79Cu5MYkyJ-
u4SyQmMhFeC1C
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Gbzu759QIZQ&list=PLiOa6ike4WAEnWjWsLN6FDOApS9ED6x7v
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvC1WCdV1XU&list=PLAE85DE8440AA6B83
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=1MKhigIml3E&list=PLmpc3xvYSk4wDCP5zjt2QQXe8-JGHa4Kt
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1YafrxYOWw&list=PLS1QulWo1RIYSyC6w2-
rDssprPrEsgtVK
8. https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-history-of-the-Indian-Railways-Reservation-System