LEARNING MATERIAL 1

OBJECTIVES:
1. Explain why it is essential to understand the Self;
2. Describe and discuss the different notions of the Self from the points-of-view of various
philosophers across time and place;
3. Examine one’s self against the different views of Self presented in the powerpoint
presentation.

Topic: THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES

References : a. Ofalia et al : Understanding the Self ( Outcome-Based Module ) 2019,
C & E Publiching, Inc.
b. Brawner et al : Understanding the Self 2018, C & E Publishing Inc.
c. Alata et al. : Understanding the Self 2018, Rex Bookstore

Introduction:

Understanding oneself is among the most interesting and challenging tasks that an individual
should be able to achieve in a lifetime.

Understanding the self goes beyond knowing one’s identity or being aware of who and what you are. It
warrants unearthing several information about yourself from various perspectives ----
time: your past, present, and future self; dimensional: your physical, emotional, mental,
social and spiritual self; and functional : your political, material or economic and digital
self,

In connection to this, the Commission on Higher Education has decided to include the course
Understanding the Self ( UTS) in the new General Education Curriculum to:
Facilitate the exploration of the issues and concerns regarding self and identity to arrive at a
better understanding of ones’ self. It strives to meet this goal by stressing the integration of the personal
with academic – contextualizing matters discussed in class and in the everyday experiences of students –
making for better learning, generating a new appreciation for the learning process, and developing a
more critical and reflective attitude while enabling them to manage and improve themselves to attain a
better quality of life ( CHED Memorandum Order No.20, s. 2018 ).

PRETEST :
Multiple Choice: Read the following questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. The total characteristics and qualities of a person both known and unknown to others and oneself is?
a. Identity b. Person Volition c. Personality d. Self

2. It refers to the qualities, characteristics, beliefs that makes a person or group unique from one another?
a. Identity b. Person Volition c. Personality d. Self

3. A mental picture of an individual and quite resistant to change through time regarding one’s ability,
personality and role is called __________?
a. Self-knowledge b. Self- identity c. Self-Image d. Self-
Activity

4. It refers to inner self.

a. Self- identity b. Self-Knowledge c. Self-Activity d. Self- independent of the senses

5. It is independent and self-determined action of one-person.

a. Self-Activity b. Self-Image c. Self- identity d. Self-knowledge

6. His philosophy claims to have respect for self. "Respect others as you would respect yourself".
a. Karl Marx b. Rene Descartes c. Immanuel Kant d. Socrates

7. His philosophy introduced Dualism. "I think, therefore I exist"

a. Rene Descartes b. Plato c. Aristotle d. Immanuel Kant

8. He claimed that the soul holds the truth which is capable of scientific thinking.
a. Augustine b. Freud c. Churchland d. Descartes

9. What is originally meant for the “love of wisdom”?

a. Ethics b. Philosophy c. Aesthetics d. Epistemology

10. The concept of mind-body dualism has had a lasting impact on our society's way of thinking
about ourselves and is an idea present in many religious traditions as well.
a. True b. False c. almost always d. only sometimes

Activity # 1 : SELF- INTRODUCTION

Instruction: Share yourself with others by providing the following information:
• Your Name WILSON VILLAS REBANCOS
• Your positive attribute or characteristic that begins with any letter of your surname.
• The school where you came from _GONSALEZ ASCUTIA HIGH SCHOOL___________
• Your reason for studying in this institution AGAIN MORE LEARNING AND TO GET A
DIPLOMA
• What you want most in life _STABLE JOB______________________________________

KEY CONCEPTS:
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason,
mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved.
Philosophy is embedded in everything. We all have philosophies which form the basis for our
motivations and what we do with our days. Everyone has their own philosophy of life; every institution
has a philosophy.

The history of philosophy is replete with men and women who inquired into the fundamental nature of the
self. The Greeks, the earliest thinkers, attempted to understand reality and respond to perennial questions
of curiosity, including the question of the self.

Activity # 2 : Viewing of the Powerpoint Presentation on the Self From Various

Philosophical Perspectives

Activity # 3 : Choose one self -concept that interests you given by the philosophers.

THE PHILOSOPHERS’ VIEW OF THE SELF

Socrates PHILOSOPHY SHOULD ACHIEVE

PRACTICAL RESULT FOR THE GREATER
WELL BEING OF SOCIETY.

Plato THE TRUE SELF OF HUMAN BEING IS THE

REASON OR THE INTELLECT THAT
CONSTITUTES THEIR SOUL AND THAT IS
SEPERABLE FROM THEIR BODY.

St. Augustine ST. AUGUSTINE BELIEVE ONE COULD

NOT ACHIEVE INNER PEACE WITHOUT
FINDING GOD’S LOVE.

René Descartes HE BELIEVED THE MIND IS THE SEAT OF

OUR CONSCIOUSNESS.

John Locke HE CONSIDERED PERSONAL IDENTITY

(OR THE SELF)TO BE FOUNDED ON
CONSCIOUSNESS (VIZ. MEMORY),AND
NOT ON THE SUBSTANCE OF EITHER THE
SOUL OR THE BODY.

David Hume HUME SUGGESTS THAT THE SELF IS JST A

BUNDLE OF PERCEPTIONS,LIKE LINKS IN
A CHAIN.

Immanuel Kant STUDY OF THE MANY CONDITIONS OF

IDENTITY THAT MAKE ONE SUBJECT OF
EXPERIENCE DISTINCT FROM OTHER
EXPERIENCE.

Post Test : I CHOOSE THE PHILOSOPHY OF ST.AUGUSTINE ABOUT SELF WHICH IS ‘’ONE
COULD NOT ACHIEVE INNER PEACE WHIOUT FINDING GOD’S LOVE’’IN THIS VIEWS,AS A
PRSON WE CAN ACHIEVE THE PEACE WE NEED WHEN WE ENGAGED TO GOT LIKE
FOLLOWING THE 10 COMMANDMENTS AND HAVING A GOD VIRTUE ST. AUGUSTINE
EMPHASIZE IS ‘’LOVE’’WHICH MAKES ME AGREED BECAUSE IT IS THE BASIS OF ALL THE
VIRTUE AND MORAL OF ONE PERSONALITY.GREAT ARE YOU ,O LORD , AND
EXCEEDINGLY WORTHY OF PRAISE YOUR POWER IS IMMENSE,AND YOUR WISDOM
BEYOND RECKONING AND SO WE MEN WHO ARE A DUE PART OF YOUR CREATION LONG
TO PRAISE YOU WE ALSO CARRY OUR MORTALITY ABOUT WITH US CARRY THE
EVIDENCE OF OUR SIN AND WITH IT THE PROOF THAT YOU THWART THE PROUD. YOU
AROUSE US TO THAT PRAISING YOU MAY BRING US JOY, BECAUSE YOU HAVE MADE AS
AND DRAWN US TO YOURSELF AND OUR HEART IS RESTLESS UNTIL IT REST IN
YOU.ST.AUGUSTINE WAS BORN TO A PAGAN FATHER AND A CHRISTIAN
MOTHER(ST.MONICA).ALTHOUGH HE WAS RAISED CHRISTIAN HE BECAME A FAGAN
AFTER FALLING INTO A HEDONISTIC LIFESTYLE WHICH OTHER YOUNG MEN WHO
BOASTED IN THE SEXUAL EXPLOITITION OF WOMEN.AUGUSTINE WENT ON TO TEACH
RHETORIC IN CATHAGE,WHERE HIS MOTHER AND ST.AMBROSE,THE BISHOP OF MILAN
BEGAN TO CONVERT HIM TO CHRISTIANITY.HE WAS RECEIVED BACK INTO RHE
CHURCH IN 386 AND BECAME A CATHOLIC PRIEST IN 391.