C++ Simple Programs

Prepared by:
M.Jagadeesh
1. Write a C++ Program to calculate sum and average of three numbers

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
clrscr() //to clear the screen
float a,b,c,sum,av;
cout<<“Enter three numbers:”;
cin>>a>>b>>c;

sum=a+b+c;
av=sum/3;
cout<<“nSUM=”<<sum;
cout<<“nAverage=”<<av;

getch(); //to stop the screen

}

2. Write a C++ Program to raise any number x to a positive power n

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h> //for pow() function

void main()
{
clrscr();
int x,n,res;
cout<<“Enter value of x and n:”;
cin>>x>>n;

res=pow(x,n);
cout<<“nResult=”<<res;
getch();
}

3. Write a C++ Program to convert given inches into equivalent yard,feet and inches

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
clrscr();
int y,f,i;
cout<<“Enter inches:”;
cin>>i;

y=i/432;
i=i%432;
f=i/12;
i=i%12;

cout<<“Yard=”<<y<<“nFeet=”<<f<<“nInches=”<<i;
getch();
}

4. Write a C++ Program to Find ASCII value of a character

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char ch,c;
int cha;
cout<<“Enter a character:”;
cin>>ch;
cha=ch;
cout<<“nASCII value of “<<ch<<” is “<<cha;
c=ch+1; cha=c;
cout<<“nAdding one to the character:”<<“nASCII value of “<<c<<” is “<<cha;
getch();
}

5. Write a C++ Program to find Compound Interest

#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
float p,r,t,ci;
cout<<"Enter Principle, Rate and Time:\n";
cin>>p>>r>>t;
ci=p*pow((1+r/100),t);
cout<<"\nCompound Interest = "<<ci;
return 0;
}
Output
Enter Principle, Rate and Time:
1000
2
4
Compound Interest = 1082.43

6. Write a C++ Program to find Square Root of a number.

#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
float sq,n;
cout<<"Enter any number:";
cin>>n;
sq=sqrt(n);
cout<<"Square root of "<<n<<" is "<<sq;
return 0;
}
Output
Enter any number:9
Square root of 9 is 3

7. Write a C++ Program to Convert Days Into Years, Weeks and Days.

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int y,d,w;
cout<<"Enter No. of days:";
cin>>d;
y=d/365;
d=d%365;
w=d/7;
d=d%7;
cout<<"\nYears: "<<y<<"\nWeeks: "<<w<<"\nDays: "<<d;
return 0;
}

8. Write a C++ program to swap two numbers using macros

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define SWAP(a,b) {int temp; temp=a; a=b; b=temp;}
void main()
{
clrscr();
int x,y;
cout<<“Enter two numbers:”;
cin>>x>>y;

cout<<“x=”<<x<<” y=”<<y;
SWAP(x,y);
cout<<“nx=”<<x<<” y=”<<y;
getch();
}

9. Write a C++ program to swap two numbers without using temp variable

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>void main()
{
clrscr();
int a,b;
cout<<“Enter value of a:”;
cin>>a;
cout<<“Enter value of b:”;
cin>>b;
a=a+b;
b=a-b;
a=a-b;
cout<<“na=”<<a;
cout<<“nb=”<<b;
getch();
}

if/else programs
10. Write a C++ Program to convert a lowercase alphabet to uppercase or vice-versa

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char ch;
cout<<“Enter any Alphabet:”;
cin>>ch;
if(ch>=’a’&&ch<=’z’)
{
cout<<“ntYou have entered a lowercase alphabet”;
ch=ch-32;
cout<<“nnThe uppercase alphabet is “<<ch;
}
else
{
cout<<“ntYou have entered an Uppercase alphabet”;
ch=ch+32;
cout<<“nnThe lowercase alphabet is “<<ch;
}
getch();
}

11. Write a C++ Program to Find Roots of Quadratic Equation

#include<iostream>
#include<math.h> //to calculate square root
using namespace std;
int main()
{
float root1,root2,a,b,c,d,imaginaryPart,realPart;
cout<<"Quadratic Equation is ax^2+bx+c=0";
cout<<"\nEnter values of a,b and c:";
cin>>a>>b>>c;

d=(b*b)-(4*a*c);

if(d>0)
{
cout<<"\nTwo real and distinct roots";
root1=(-b+sqrt(d))/(2*a);
root2=(-b-sqrt(d))/(2*a);
cout<<"\nRoots are "<<root1<<" and "<<root2;
}
else if(d==0)
{
cout<<"\nTwo real and equal roots";
root1=root2=-b/(2*a);
cout<<"\nRoots are "<<root1<<" and "<<root2;
}
else{
cout<<"\nRoots are complex and imaginary";
realPart = -b/(2*a);
imaginaryPart = sqrt(-d)/(2*a);
cout<<"\nRoots are "<<realPart<<"+"<<imaginaryPart<<"i and "<<realPart<<"-
"<<imaginaryPart<<"i";
}

return 0;
}

Output
Quadratic Equation is ax^2+bx+c=0
Enter values of a,b and c:3
4
1
Two real and distinct roots
Roots are -0.333333 and -1

12. Write a C++ Program to Check whether a year is Leap year or not

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
clrscr();
int year;
cout<<“Enter Year(ex:1900):”;
cin>>year;
if(year%100==0)
{
if(year%400==0)
cout<<“nLeap Year”;
}
else
if(year%4==0)
cout<<“nLeap Year”;
else
cout<<“nNot a Leap Year”;
getch();
}

13. Write a C++ Program to Check Number is Odd or Even

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a;
cout<<"enter the number:";
cin>>a;

if(a%2==0)
cout<<"\nEven number";
else
cout<<"\nOdd number";
return 0;
}

Loops Programs
14. Write a C++ Program to find the Reverse Number for a given number

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
long n,rev=0,d;
cout<<"Enter any number:";
cin>>n;

while(n!=0)
{
d=n%10;
rev=(rev*10)+d;
n=n/10;
}
cout<<"The reversed number is "<<rev;
return 0;
}
15. Write a C++ Program to find the Reverse Number for a given number

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
long n,rev=0,d;
cout<<"Enter any number:";
cin>>n;
while(n!=0)
{
d=n%10;
rev=(rev*10)+d;
n=n/10;
}
cout<<"The reversed number is "<<rev;
return 0;
}

16. Write a C++ program to check whether the given number is Prime Number or not.

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n,i,flag=1;
cout<<"Enter any number:";
cin>>n;

for(i=2;i<=n/2;++i)
{
if(n%i==0)
{
flag=0;
break;
}
}

if(flag)
cout<<"\n"<<n<<" is a Prime number";
else
cout<<"\n"<<n<<" is not a Prime number";

return 0;
}
17. Write a C++ Program to Find Sum of Digits of a Given Number

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
unsigned long i,p,n,sum=0;
cout<<"Enter any number:";
cin>>n;
while(n!=0)
{
p=n%10;
sum+=p;
n=n/10;
}
cout<<endl<<"Sum of digits is:"<<sum;
return 0;
}
Output
Enter any number:361
Sum of digits is:10

18. Write a C++ program to find the Factorial to a given number.

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
unsigned long i,fac,n;
cout<<"Enter number: ";
cin>>n;

for(i=1,fac=1;i<=n;++i)
{
fac=i*fac;
}
cout<<"Factorial of "<<n<<" is: "<<fac;
return 0;
}

Output
Enter number: 5
Factorial of 5 is: 120

19. Write a C++ Program to Find Sum of First n Natural Numbers

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i,n,sum=0;
cout<<"How many numbers? ";
cin>>n;

for(i=1;i<=n;++i)
{
sum+=i;
}
cout<<"Sum="<<sum;
return 0;
}

Output
How many numbers? 5
Sum=15

Functions Programs
20. Write a C++ Program to find cube of a number using function

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr(); //to clear screen
float cube(float); //function prototype
float a,cu;
cout<<“Enter any number:”;
cin>>a;
cu=cube(a); //function calling
cout<<“nCube of “<<a<<” is “<<cu;
getch();
}

float cube(float a)
{
float cu;
cu=a*a*a;
return(cu);
}

21. Write a C++ Program for Fibonacci Series Using Recursion

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int fibonacci(int n)
{
if((n==1)||(n==0))
{
return(n);
}
else
{
return(fibonacci(n-1)+fibonacci(n-2));
}
}

int main()
{
int n,i=0;
cout<<"Input the number of terms for Fibonacci Series:";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\nFibonacci Series is as follows\n";

while(i<n)
{
cout<<" "<<fibonacci(i);
i++;
}

return 0;
}
22. Write a C++ Program to do Addition,subtraction and multiplication of two numbers
using function

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

int res;
void main()
{
clrscr();
int sum(int,int);
int sub(int,int);
int mul(int,int);
int a,b,m,su,s;
cout<<“Enter two numbers:”;
cin>>a>>b;

s=sum(a,b);
su=sub(a,b);
m=mul(a,b);
cout<<“Sum:”<<s<<“nSubtraction:”<<su<<“nMultiplication:”<<m;
getch();
}
sum(int a,int b)
{
res=a+b;
return(res);
}

sub(int a,int b)
{
res=a-b;
return(res);
}

mul(int a,int b)
{
res=a*b;
return(res);
}

23. Write a C++ program to swap values of two variables using pass by reference method

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
clrscr();
int a,b;
void swap(int &,int &);
cout<<“Enter two values:”;
cin>>a>>b;
cout<<“nBefor swapping:na=”<<a<<“tb=”<<b;
swap(a,b);
cout<<“nnAfter swapping:na=”<<a<<“tb=”<<b;
getch();
}

void swap(int & x,int & y)

{
int temp;
temp=x;
x=y;
y=temp;
}
Array Programs
24. Write a C++ Program to Add Two Matrices

#include<iostream>
#include<process.h>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
int A[10][10],B[10][10],c[10][10];
int i,j,m,n,p,q;
cout<<"Enter no. of rows and cloumns of matrix A:";
cin>>m>>n;
cout<<"\nEnter no. of rows and columns of matrix B:";
cin>>p>>q;

if(m==p&&n==q)
cout<<"\n\nMatrices can be Added";
else
{
cout<<"\n\nMatrices can not Added";
exit(0);
}

cout<<"\nEnter matrix A row wise:";

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
cin>>A[i][j];
}

cout<<"\nMatrix A:\n";

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
cout<<A[i][j]<<" ";
cout<<"\n";
}

cout<<"\nEnter Matrix B row wise:";

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
cin>>B[i][j];
}

cout<<"\n\nMatrix B:\n";
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
cout<<B[i][j]<<" ";
cout<<"\n";
}

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
c[i][j]=A[i][j]+B[i][j];
}

cout<<"\nSum of Matrices A and B:\n";

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
cout<<c[i][j]<<" ";
cout<<"\n";
}

return 0;
}

Output
Enter no. of rows and cloumns of matrix A:2
2
Enter no. of rows and columns of matrix B:2
2
Matrices can be Added
Enter matrix A row wise:4 5
37
Matrix A:
45
37
Enter Matrix B row wise:2 1
82
Matrix B:
21
82
Sum of Matrices A and B:
66
11 9

25. Write a C++ Program to find the Matrix Multiplication

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a[5][5],b[5][5],c[5][5],m,n,p,q,i,j,k;
cout<<"Enter rows and columns of first matrix:";
cin>>m>>n;
cout<<"Enter rows and columns of second matrix:";
cin>>p>>q;

if(n==p)
{
cout<<"\nEnter first matrix:\n";
for(i=0;i<m;++i)
for(j=0;j<n;++j)
cin>>a[i][j];

cout<<"\nEnter second matrix:\n";

for(i=0;i<p;++i)
for(j=0;j<q;++j)
cin>>b[i][j];

cout<<"\nThe new matrix is:\n";

for(i=0;i<m;++i)
{
for(j=0;j<q;++j)
{
c[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<n;++k)
c[i][j]=c[i][j]+(a[i][k]*b[k][j]);
cout<<c[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<"\n";
}
}
else
cout<<"\nSorry!!!! Matrix multiplication can't be done";

return 0;
}
26. Write a C++ Program to Find Sum of Elements Above and Below Main Diagonal of
Matrix

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int arr[5][5],a=0,b=0,i,j,n;
cout<<"Enter size of matrix(max 5):";
cin>>n;
cout<<"Enter the matrix:\n";

for(i=0;i<n;++i)
for(j=0;j<n;++j)
cin>>arr[i][j];

for(i=0;i<n;++i)
for(j=0;j<n;++j)
if(j>i)
a+=arr[i][j];
else
if(i>j)
b+=arr[i][j];

cout<<"\nSum of elements above the diagonal:"<<a;

cout<<"\nSum of elements below the diagonal:"<<b;

return 0;
}

27. Write a C++ Program to Insert an Element in an Array

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a[20],n,x,i,pos=0;
cout<<"Enter size of array:";
cin>>n;
cout<<"Enter the array in ascending order:\n";

for(i=0;i<n;++i)
cin>>a[i];

cout<<"\nEnter element to insert:";

cin>>x;

for(i=0;i<n;++i)
if(a[i]<=x&&x<a[i+1])
{
pos=i+1;
break;
}

for(i=n+1;i>pos;--i)
a[i]=a[i-1];

a[pos]=x;

cout<<"\n\nArray after inserting element:\n";

for(i=0;i<n+1;i++)
cout<<a[i]<<" ";

return 0;
}
28. Write a C++ Program to Find Largest and Second Largest Number in 2D Array

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a[5][5],big1=1,big2=0,n,m,i,j;
cout<<"Enter no of rows and columns(max 5):";
cin>>m>>n;
cout<<"Enter the array:\n";

for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;++j)
cin>>a[i][j];

for(i=0;i<m;++i)
for(j=0;j<n;++j)
{
if(a[i][j]>big1)
big1=a[i][j];
}
for(i=0;i<m;++i)
for(j=0;j<n;++j)
{
if(a[i][j]>big2&&a[i][j]<big1)
big2=a[i][j];
}

cout<<"\nLargest number:"<<big1;
cout<<"\nSecond largest number:"<<big2;

return 0;
}
Output
Enter no of rows and columns(max 5):3
3
Enter the array:
468
246
2 12 5
Largest number:12
Second largest number:8

29. Write a C++ Program for Bubble Sort

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a[50],n,i,j,temp;
cout<<"Enter the size of array: ";
cin>>n;
cout<<"Enter the array elements: ";

for(i=0;i<n;++i)
cin>>a[i];

for(i=1;i<n;++i)
{
for(j=0;j<(n-i);++j)
if(a[j]>a[j+1])
{
temp=a[j];
a[j]=a[j+1];
a[j+1]=temp;
}
}

cout<<"Array after bubble sort:";

for(i=0;i<n;++i)
cout<<" "<<a[i];

return 0;
}

30. Write a C++ Program to Delete an Element from Array

#include<iostream>
#include<process.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a[50],x,n,i,j,b[50];
cout<<"How many elements of Array you want to create?";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\nEnter elements of Array\n";

for(i=0;i<n;++i)
cin>>a[i];

cout<<"\nEnter element to delete:";

cin>>x;

for(i=0,j=0;i<n;++i)
{
if(a[i]!=x)
b[j++]=a[i];
}

if(j==n)
{
cout<<"\nSoory!!!Element is not in the Array";
exit(0);
}
else
{
cout<<"\nNew Array is ";
for(i=0;i<j;i++)
cout<<b[i]<<" ";
}
return 0;
}

Output
How many elements of Array you want to create?5
Enter elements of Array
14 8 3 6 9
Enter element to delete:6
New Array is 14 8 3 9

Class programs
31. Write a C++ program to find the volume of a box using class
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Box
{
public:
double length; // Length of a box
double breadth; // Breadth of a box
double height; // Height of a box
};

int main( )
{
Box Box1; // Declare Box1 of type Box
Box Box2; // Declare Box2 of type Box
double volume = 0.0; // Store the volume of a box here

// box 1 specification
Box1.height = 4.0;
Box1.length = 6.0;
Box1.breadth = 3.0;

// box 2 specification
Box2.height = 10.0;
Box2.length = 12.0;
Box2.breadth = 12.0;

// volume of box 1
volume = Box1.height * Box1.length * Box1.breadth;
cout << "Volume of Box1 : " << volume <<endl;
// volume of box 2
volume = Box2.height * Box2.length * Box2.breadth;
cout << "Volume of Box2 : " << volume <<endl;
return 0;
}

32. Write a C++ Program to enter the student details and print the student details.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class stud
{
public:
char name[30],clas[10];
int rol,age;

void enter()
{
cout<<"Enter Student Name: "; cin>>name;
cout<<"Enter Student Age: "; cin>>age;
cout<<"Enter Student Roll number: "; cin>>rol;
cout<<"Enter Student Class: "; cin>>clas;
}

void display()
{
cout<<"\n Age\tName\tR.No.\tClass";
cout<<"\n"<<age<<"\t"<<name<<"\t"<<rol<<"\t"<<clas;
}
};

int main()
{
class stud s;
s.enter();
s.display();
cin.get();//use this to wait for a keypress
}
Array of objects program in C++
33. /*C++ program to create student class, read and print N student's details

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#define MAX 10

class student
{
private:
char name[30];
int rollNo;
int total;
float perc;
public:
//member function to get student's details
void getDetails(void);
//member function to print student's details
void putDetails(void);
};

//member function definition, outside of the class

void student::getDetails(void){
cout << "Enter name: " ;
cin >> name;
cout << "Enter roll number: ";
cin >> rollNo;
cout << "Enter total marks outof 500: ";
cin >> total;

perc=(float)total/500*100;
}

//member function definition, outside of the class

void student::putDetails(void){
cout << "Student details:\n";
cout << "Name:"<< name << ",Roll Number:" << rollNo << ",Total:" << total <<
",Percentage:" << perc;
}

int main()
{
student std[MAX]; //array of objects creation
int n,loop;
cout << "Enter total number of students: ";
cin >> n;

for(loop=0;loop< n; loop++){
cout << "Enter details of student " << loop+1 << ":\n";
std[loop].getDetails();
}

cout << endl;

for(loop=0;loop< n; loop++){
cout << "Details of student " << (loop+1) << ":\n";
std[loop].putDetails();
}

return 0;
}

34. Write a C++ program to convert time from seconds to HH:MM:SS format using class

/*C++ program to create class to read and add two times.*/

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Time
{
private:
int hours;
int minutes;
int seconds;

public:
void getTime(void);
void putTime(void);
void addTime(Time T1,Time T2);
};

void Time::getTime(void)
{
cout << "Enter time:" << endl;
cout << "Hours? "; cin>>hours;
cout << "Minutes? "; cin>>minutes;
cout << "Seconds? "; cin>>seconds;
}
void Time::putTime(void)
{
cout << endl;
cout << "Time after add: ";
cout << hours << ":" << minutes << ":" << seconds << endl;
}

void Time::addTime(Time T1,Time T2)

{

this->seconds=T1.seconds+T2.seconds;
this->minutes=T1.minutes+T2.minutes + this->seconds/60;;
this->hours= T1.hours+T2.hours + (this->minutes/60);
this->minutes %=60;
this->seconds %=60;
}
int main()
{
Time T1,T2,T3;
T1.getTime();
T2.getTime();
//add two times
T3.addTime(T1,T2);
T3.putTime();

return 0;
}

35. Write a C++ program that illustrates Friend function

/*C++ program to demonstrate example of friend function with class.*/
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Number
{
private:
int a;
public:
void getNum(int x);
//declaration of friend function
friend void printNum(Number NUM);
};
//class member function definitions
void Number::getNum(int x)
{
a=x;
}

//friend function definition, no need of class name with SRO (::)

void printNum(Number NUM)
{
cout << "Value of a (private data member of class Number): " << NUM.a;

int main()
{
Number nObj; //Object declaration
nObj.getNum(1000);
printNum(nObj);
return 0;
}
36. Write a C++ program to illustrates the constructor concept
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Marks
{
public:
int maths;
int science;
//Default Constructor
Marks() {
maths=0;
science=0;
}
display() {
cout << "Maths : " << maths <<endl;
cout << "Science :" << science << endl;
}
};
int main() {
//invoke Default Constructor
Marks m;
m.display();
return 0;
}

37. Write a C++ program to demonstrates the parameterized constructor

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Demo
{
private:
int A;
int B;
int C;
public:
//parameterized constructor
Demo(int A, int B, int C);
void set(int A, int B, int C);
void print();
};

Demo::Demo(int A, int B, int C)

{
this->A = A;
this->B = B;
this->C = C;
}

void Demo::set(int A, int B, int C)

{
this->A = A;
this->B = B;
this->C = C;
}

void Demo::print()
{
cout<<"Value of A : "<<A<<endl;
cout<<"Value of B : "<<B<<endl;
cout<<"Value of C : "<<C<<endl;
}

int main()
{
//Parameterized Constructor called when object created
Demo obj = Demo(1,1,1);
//here, 1,1,1 will be assigned to A,B and C
//printing the value
obj.print();
//changing the value using set function
obj.set(10,20,30);
//printing the values
obj.print();

return 0;
}

38. Write a C++ program that demonstrates the virtual fuction.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

class base {
public:
virtual void show() {
cout << "\n Base class show:";
}

void display() {
cout << "\n Base class display:";
}
};

class drive : public base {

public:

void display() {
cout << "\n Drive class display:";
}

void show() {
cout << "\n Drive class show:";
}
};
void main() {
clrscr();
base obj1;
base *p;
cout << "\n\t P points to base:\n";

p = &obj1;
p->display();
p->show();

cout << "\n\n\t P points to drive:\n";

drive obj2;
p = &obj2;
p->display();
p->show();
getch();
}

39. Write a C++ program to demonstrates the copy constructor

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Point
{
private:
int x, y;
public:
Point(int x1, int y1) { x = x1; y = y1; }

// Copy constructor
Point(const Point &p2) {x = p2.x; y = p2.y; }

int getX() { return x; }

int getY() { return y; }
};

int main()
{
Point p1(10, 15); // Normal constructor is called here
Point p2 = p1; // Copy constructor is called here

// Let us access values assigned by constructors

cout << "p1.x = " << p1.getX() << ", p1.y = " << p1.getY();
cout << "\np2.x = " << p2.getX() << ", p2.y = " << p2.getY();
return 0;
}

40. Write a C++ program to illustrates the Binary Operator Overloading

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class complex {
int a, b;
public: void getvalue() {
cout << "Enter the value of Complex Numbers a,b:";
cin >> a>>b;
}
complex operator+(complex ob) {
complex t;
t.a = a + ob.a;
t.b = b + ob.b;
return (t);
}
complex operator-(complex ob) {
complex t;
t.a = a - ob.a;
t.b = b - ob.b;
return (t);
}
void display() {
cout << a << "+" << b << "i" << "\n";
}
};
void main() {
clrscr();
complex obj1, obj2, result, result1;

obj1.getvalue();
obj2.getvalue();

result = obj1 + obj2;

result1 = obj1 - obj2;
cout << "Input Values:\n";
obj1.display();
obj2.display();
cout << "Result:";
result.display();
result1.display();
getch();
}

41. Write a C++ program to illustrates the Unary increment (++) and decrement (--)
operator overloading

/*C++ program for unary increment (++) and decrement (--) operator overloading.*/

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class NUM
{
private:
int n;

public:
//function to get number
void getNum(int x)
{
n=x;
}
//function to display number
void dispNum(void)
{
cout << "value of n is: " << n;
}
//unary ++ operator overloading
void operator ++ (void)
{
n=++n;
}
//unary -- operator overloading
void operator -- (void)
{
n=--n;
}
};
int main()
{
NUM num;
num.getNum(10);

++num;
cout << "After increment - ";
num.dispNum();
cout << endl;

--num;
cout << "After decrement - ";
num.dispNum();
cout << endl;
return 0;
}

42. Write a C++ program to Add two objects using binary plus (+) operator overloading

/*C++ program to add two objects using binary plus (+) operator overloading.*/

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class NUM
{
private:
int n;
public:
//function to get number
void getNum(int x)
{
n=x;
}
//function to display number
void dispNum(void)
{
cout << "Number is: " << n;
}
//add two objects - Binary Plus(+) Operator Overloading
NUM operator +(NUM &obj)
{
NUM x; //create another object
x.n=this->n + obj.n;
return (x); //return object
}
};

int main()
{
NUM num1,num2,sum;
num1.getNum(10);
num2.getNum(20);

//add two objects

sum=num1+num2;

sum.dispNum();
cout << endl;
return 0;
}

43. Write a C++ program to calculate the payroll system of the employees using single
inheritance.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class emp {
public:
int eno;
char name[20], des[20];

void get() {
cout << "Enter the employee number:";
cin>>eno;
cout << "Enter the employee name:";
cin>>name;

cout << "Enter the designation:";

cin>>des;
}
};
class salary : public emp {
float bp, hra, da, pf, np;
public: void get1() {
cout << "Enter the basic pay:";
cin>>bp;
cout << "Enter the Humen Resource Allowance:";
cin>>hra;
cout << "Enter the Dearness Allowance :";
cin>>da;
cout << "Enter the Profitablity Fund:";
cin>>pf;
}
void calculate() {
np = bp + hra + da - pf;
}
void display() {
cout << eno << "\t" << name << "\t" << des << "\t" << bp << "\t" << hra << "\t" << da
<< "\t" << pf << "\t" << np << "\n";
}
};
void main() {
int i, n;
char ch;
salary s[10];
clrscr();
cout << "Enter the number of employee:";

cin>>n;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
s[i].get();
s[i].get1();
s[i].calculate();
}
cout << "\ne_no \t e_name\t des \t bp \t hra \t da \t pf \t np \n";
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
s[i].display();
}
getch();
}

44. C++ program to demonstrate example of multilevel inheritance

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//Base Class : class A

class A
{
private:
int a;
public:
void get_a(int val_a)
{
a=val_a;
}

void disp_a(void)
{
cout << "Value of a: " << a << endl;
}
};

//Here Class B is base class for class C

//and Derived class for class A
class B: public A
{
private:
int b;
public:
//assign value of a from here
void get_b(int val_a, int val_b)
{
//assign value of a by calling function of class A
get_a(val_a);
b=val_b;
}

void disp_b(void)
{
//display value of a
disp_a();
cout << "Value of b: " << b << endl;
}
};

//Here class C is derived class and B is Base class

class C: public B
{
private:
int c;
public:
//assign value of a from here
void get_c(int val_a, int val_b,int val_c)
{
/*** Multilevel Inheritance ***/
//assign value of a, bby calling function of class B and Class A
//here Class A is inherited on Class B, and Class B in inherited on Class B
get_b(val_a,val_b);
c=val_c;
}

void disp_c(void)
{
//display value of a and b using disp_b()
disp_b();
cout << "Value of c: " << c << endl;
}
};

int main()
{
//create object of final class, which is Class C
C objC;

objC.get_c(10,20,30);
objC.disp_c();

return 0;
}

45. Write a C++ program that demonstrates the multiple inheritance

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Base class Shape
class Shape {
public:
void setWidth(int w) {
width = w;
}
void setHeight(int h) {
height = h;
}
protected:
int width;
int height;
};
// Base class PaintCost
class PaintCost {
public:
int getCost(int area) {
return area * 70;
}
};
// Derived class
class Rectangle: public Shape, public PaintCost {
public:
int getArea() {
return (width * height); }};
int main(void) {
Rectangle Rect;
int area;
Rect.setWidth(5);
Rect.setHeight(7);
area = Rect.getArea();
// Print the area of the object.
cout << "Total area: " << Rect.getArea() << endl;
// Print the total cost of painting
cout << "Total paint cost: $" << Rect.getCost(area) << endl;
return 0;
}

46. Write a C++ program to create Employee and Student inheriting from Person using
Hierarchical Inheritance

#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>

using namespace std;

class person
{
char name[100],gender[10];
int age;
public:
void getdata()
{
cout<<"Name: ";
fflush(stdin); /*clears input stream*/
gets(name);
cout<<"Age: ";
cin>>age;
cout<<"Gender: ";
cin>>gender;
}

void display()
{
cout<<"Name: "<<name<<endl;
cout<<"Age: "<<age<<endl;
cout<<"Gender: "<<gender<<endl;
}
};

class student: public person

{
char institute[100], level[20];
public:
void getdata()
{
person::getdata();
cout<<"Name of College/School: ";
fflush(stdin);
gets(institute);
cout<<"Level: ";
cin>>level;
}
void display()
{
person::display();
cout<<"Name of College/School: "<<institute<<endl;
cout<<"Level: "<<level<<endl;
}
};

class employee: public person

{
char company[100];
float salary;
public:
void getdata()
{
person::getdata();
cout<<"Name of Company: ";
fflush(stdin);
gets(company);
cout<<"Salary: Rs.";
cin>>salary;
}
void display()
{
person::display();
cout<<"Name of Company: "<<company<<endl;
cout<<"Salary: Rs."<<salary<<endl;
}
};

int main()
{
student s;
employee e;
cout<<"Student"<<endl;
cout<<"Enter data"<<endl;
s.getdata();
cout<<endl<<"Displaying data"<<endl;
s.display();
cout<<endl<<"Employee"<<endl;
cout<<"Enter data"<<endl;
e.getdata();
cout<<endl<<"Displaying data"<<endl;
e.display();
getch();
return 0;
}
Pointers:
47. Write a C++ program to illustrate the pointers in C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int var1;
char var2[10];
cout << "Address of var1 variable: ";
cout << &var1 << endl;
cout << "Address of var2 variable: ";
cout << &var2 << endl;
return 0;
}

48. Write a C++ program to read and print the values on screen
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int var = 20; // actual variable declaration.
int *ip; // pointer variable

ip = &var; // store address of var in pointer variable

cout << "Value of var variable: ";

cout << var << endl;

// print the address stored in ip pointer variable

cout << "Address stored in ip variable: ";
cout << ip << endl;

// access the value at the address available in pointer

cout << "Value of *ip variable: ";
cout << *ip << endl;

return 0;
}
this pointer
49. Write a C++ program to illustrate the this pointer.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
/* local variable is same as a member's name */
class Test
{
private:
int x;
public:
void setX (int x)
{
// The 'this' pointer is used to retrieve the object's x
// hidden by the local variable 'x'
this->x = x;
}
void print() { cout << "x = " << x << endl; }
};

int main()
{
Test obj;
int x = 20;
obj.setX(x);
obj.print();
return 0;
}
Run on IDE
Output:
x=20

50. Write a C++ program to calculate the total marks of a student using the virtual base
class
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Declare the base class student.
Step 3: Declare and define the functions getnumber() and putnumber().
Step 4: Create the derived class test virtually derived from the base class student.
Step 5: Declare and define the function getmarks() and putmarks().
Step 6: Create the derived class sports virtually derived from the base class student.
Step 7: Declare and define the function getscore() and putscore().
Step 8: Create the derived class result derived from the class test and sports.
Step 9: Declare and define the function display() to calculate the total.
Step 10: Create the derived class object obj.
Step 11: Call the function get number(),getmarks(),getscore() and display().
Step 12: Stop the program.

PROGRAM:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class student
{
int rno;
public:
void getnumber()
{
cout<<"Enter Roll No:";
cin>>rno;
}
void putnumber()
{
cout<<"\n\n\tRoll No:"<<rno<<"\n";
}
};
class test:virtual public student
{
public:
int part1,part2;
void getmarks()
{
cout<<"Enter Marks\n";
cout<<"Part1:";
cin>>part1;
cout<<"Part2:";
cin>>part2;
}
void putmarks()
{
cout<<"\tMarks Obtained\n";
cout<<"\n\tPart1:"<<part1;
cout<<"\n\tPart2:"<<part2;
}
};
class sports:public virtual student
{
public:
int score;
void getscore()
{
cout<<"Enter Sports Score:";
cin>>score;
}
void putscore()
{
cout<<"\n\tSports Score is:"<<score;
}
};

class result:public test,public sports

{
int total;
public:
void display()
{
total=part1+part2+score;
putnumber();
putmarks();
putscore();
cout<<"\n\tTotal Score:"<<total;
}
};

void main()
{
result obj;
clrscr();
obj.getnumber();
obj.getmarks();
obj.getscore();
obj.display();
getch();
}
Output:
Enter Roll No: 200
Enter Marks
Part1: 90
Part2: 80
Enter Sports Score: 80
Roll No: 200
Marks Obtained
Part1: 90
Part2: 80
Sports Score is: 80
Total Score is: 250
51. Write a C++ program that illustrates the virtual functions
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Declare the base class base.
Step 3: Declare and define the virtual function show().
Step 4: Declare and define the function display().
Step 5: Create the derived class from the base class.
Step 6: Declare and define the functions display() and show().
Step 7: Create the base class object and pointer variable.
Step 8: Call the functions display() and show() using the base class object and pointer.
Step 9: Create the derived class object and call the functions display() and show() using the
derived class object and pointer.
Step 10: Stop the program.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class base
{
public:
virtual void show()
{
cout<<"\n Base class show:";
}
void display()
{
cout<<"\n Base class display:" ;
}
};
class drive:public base
{
public:
void display()
{
cout<<"\n Drive class display:";
}
void show()
{
cout<<"\n Drive class show:";
}
};

void main()
{
clrscr();
base obj1;
base *p;
cout<<"\n\t P points to base:\n" ;
p=&obj1;
p->display();
p->show();
cout<<"\n\n\t P points to drive:\n";
drive obj2;
p=&obj2;
p->display();
p->show();
getch();
}
Output:
P points to Base
Base class display
Base class show
P points to Drive
Base class Display
Drive class Show
52. Write a C++ program to swap the numbers using the concept of function template
ALGORITHM:
STEP 1: Start the program.
STEP 2: Declare the template class.
STEP 3: Declare and define the functions to swap the values.
STEP 4: Declare and define the functions to get the values.
STEP 5: Read the values and call the corresponding functions.
STEP6: Display the results.
STEP 7: Stop the program.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
template<class t>
void swap(t &x,t &y)
{
t temp=x;
x=y;
y=temp;
}
void fun(int a,int b,float c,float d)
{
cout<<"\na and b before swaping :"<<a<<"\t"<<b;
swap(a,b);
cout<<"\na and b after swaping :"<<a<<"\t"<<b;
cout<<"\n\nc and d before swaping :"<<c<<"\t"<<d;
swap(c,d);
cout<<"\nc and d after swaping :"<<c<<"\t"<<d;
}
void main()
{
int a,b;
float c,d;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter A,B values(integer):";
cin>>a>>b;
cout<<"Enter C,D values(float):";
cin>>c>>d;
fun(a,b,c,d);
getch();
}
Output:
Enter A, B values (integer): 10 20
Enter C, D values (float): 2.50 10.80
A and B before swapping: 10 20
A and B after swapping: 20 10
C and D before swapping: 2.50 10.80
C and D after swapping: 10.80 2.50
Class Templates
53. Write a C++ program to illustrates the concept of class templates

#include <iostream.h>
#include <vector>
template <typename T>
class MyQueue
{
std::vector<T> data;
public:
void Add(T const &);
void Remove();
void Print();
};

template <typename T> void MyQueue<T> ::Add(T const &d)

{
data.push_back(d);
}

template <typename T> void MyQueue<T>::Remove()

{
data.erase(data.begin( ) + 0,data.begin( ) + 1);
}

template <typename T> void MyQueue<T>::Print()

{
std::vector <int>::iterator It1;
It1 = data.begin();
for ( It1 = data.begin( ) ; It1 != data.end( ) ; It1++ )
cout << " " << *It1<<endl;
}
//Usage for C++ class templates
void main()
{
MyQueue<int> q;
q.Add(1);
q.Add(2);

cout<<"Before removing data"<<endl;

q.Print();

q.Remove();
cout<<"After removing data"<<endl;
q.Print();
}

54. Write a C++ program that illustrates the division by zero exception.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

double division(int a, int b) {

if( b == 0 ) {
throw "Division by zero condition!";
}
return (a/b);
}

int main () {
int x = 50;
int y = 0;
double z = 0;

try {
z = division(x, y);
cout << z << endl;
}catch (const char* msg) {
cerr << msg << endl;
}
return 0;
}

Output:
Division by zero condition!

55. C++ program to divide two numbers using try catch block.
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int a,b;
cout << "Enter 2 numbers: ";
cin >> a >> b;
try
{
if (b != 0)
{
float div = (float)a/b;
if (div < 0)
throw 'e';
cout << "a/b = " << div;
}
else
throw b;

}
catch (int e)
{
cout << "Exception: Division by zero";
}
catch (char st)
{
cout << "Exception: Division is less than 1";
}
catch(...)
{
cout << "Exception: Unknown";
}
getch();
return 0;
}
Output
Enter 2 numbers: 8 5
a/b = 1.6

Enter 2 numbers: 9 0
Exception: Division by zero

Enter 2 numbers: -1 10
Exception: Division is less than 1