Translation 3

TRN 441

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Table of Contents

1. Theoretical Part
1.1 Types of Islamic Texts and their characteristics
1.2 Translation of proper names and Islamic cultural words
1.3 Religious Terms

2. Selected Texts
2. 1 Hadith
2.2 Supplications
2.3 Quran
2.4 Variety of Islamic texts

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Types of Islamic Texts
There are different types of Islamic texts:
1. The Holy Quran
2. Hadith (The prophet’s tradition -Sunnah)
3. Islamic Theology Books
4. The prophet’s biography Books
5. Jurisprudence (Legislative ) Books
6. The Exegesis (Interpretation) Books of the Holy Quran
7. The Companions’ Biography Books
8. Islamic Culture Books

Characteristics of the language of Islamic texts

1. Formality

In English, there are five styles of tones:

a) Frozen formal (the language of the old versions of the Bible and the Torah. ‫فصيح‬
‫جدا أو قح‬

b) Formal ‫فصيح‬

c) Informal‫غير فصيح‬

d) Colloquial ‫عامي‬

e) Vulgar or slang I‫سوقي‬

Arabic, on the other hand, has four major styles, which are:

a) Classical Arabic (the language of the Holy Quran, the prophet’s tradition and
classical literature (.

b) Modern standard Arabic (the formal written Arabic of today).

c) Colloquial Arabic (the language of conversation).

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d) Vulgar/ Slang Arabic (the very local and bad language).

The language of Islamic texts is all in frozen formal (i.e. classical) or formal
Arabic. Colloquial Arabic is irrelevant here.

2. Complexity of structure

Long complex sentences in both English and Arabic religious texts are very
frequent

3. Theological jargon

This refers to obscure and unintelligible terms in English religious language.

However, in Arabic jargon terms are classical terms and are not necessarily
obscure or unintelligible, for example:

‫ الخلع‬،‫ العقيقة‬، ‫ األضحية‬، ‫ التركة‬، ‫ الحجامة‬، ‫ الغلو‬،‫الدية‬

4. Imperativeness

Religious language is known for using imperative structures that ordain what is
right and wrong. These take the forms of imperative verbs, conditional sentences
and so on.

5. Details and elaboration

The language of all types of religious texts tends to be detailed and elaborated.
Both Quran and Sunnah have many examples. This feature is quite clear in the
exegesis books, biography books..etc.

6. Cultural implications

The language of religion is rich with exemplifications and expressions of cultural-

specific reference by way of illustration, explanation or addressing the people
concerned with their language and culture.

7. Universality of religious discourse

Generally, the language of religious discourse addresses mankind at large,

especially Islam and Christianity. The linguistic forms used are direct forwarded to
mankind.

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8. Sound features and effects

These are popular features, especially rhyme, rhythm, and parallelism. The
language of the Quran is more remarkable than other types of religious texts

9. Unintelligible language

Both Arabic and English religious language sometimes requires to be interpreted or

explained due to complicated reference, grammar, style or lexicon.

For example: ‫))إنما يخشى هللا من عباده العلماء‬

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Translation of proper names and Islamic cultural words
Islamic texts are full of proper names and Islamic cultural words. This includes
Allah’s Glorious names and attributes ‫ العليم‬-‫ الرحمن‬, the prophet’s names ‫ يعقوب‬-‫أحمد‬
, the companions’ names and nicknames ‫ أبو بكرالصديق –عثمان‬, names of cities and
geographical places ‫ البلد األمين‬-‫مكة المكرمة‬, battles ‫ بدر – حنين‬, buildings‫بئر زمزم‬-‫ الكعبة‬,
objects ‫عصا‬-‫ الحجر األسود‬, cloths ‫اب‬II‫رام نق‬II‫ اإلح‬, acts, practices and worships -‫عي‬II‫الس‬
‫صالة‬-‫ الوضوء‬.

Translating Islamic proper names and cultural words is not a straightforward

process. However, several translation procedures can be used to overcome this
problem:

1. Translation: this procedure is employed with the terms that have English
equivalents. Also, it is used with the names that are originally attributes, such as,
Al-Rahman (the most Merciful).

2. Naturalization: some names have religious equivalents in English, (e.g. ‫مريم‬

Mary, ‫راهيم‬II‫ اب‬Abraham) so they could be naturalized to look natural to the TL
reader.

3. Transliteration: this procedure means writing the Arabic word in English letters
as pronounced in Arabic. It is employed when the Arabic name or word has no
straightforward equivalent in English. (e.g. ‫ كعبة‬Ka’ba).

4. Classifier: this means using an identifying word before or after the name or the
cultural word. (e.g. ‫ أحد‬Ohod mount, ‫ بدر‬Bader battle).

5. Transliteration &translation: Some terms can be transliterated and translated at

the same time, (e.g. ‫ الحج‬Hajj –Pilgrimage).

6. Transliteration & paraphrase: the proper names that do not have English
equivalents can be transliterated then paraphrased in brackets, e.g. ‫ كعبة‬K’aba (the
holy house of God). A paraphrase is a short explanation following the transliterated
word. It should not be too long to avoid interrupting the translation.

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7. Translation & paraphrase: this could be applied to the terms that can be
translated with the addition of an explanation to clarify the meaning to the reader,
e.g. ‫ أمهات المؤمنين‬mothers of believers (the prophet’s wives).

8. Classifier & paraphrase: some terms though being classified, they still need or
could be explained, e.g. ‫ أحد‬Ohod mount (at Madina), ‫ حراء‬Hira cave (where the
prophet got the revelation).

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‫مصطلحات دينية‬
Religious Terms

‫قسم الحديث‬
Hadith (The prophet’s tradition)

On the authority of Abu Huraira ‫عن أبي هريرة‬

Abu Huraira narrated‫عن أبي هريرة‬
May Allah be pleased with him ‫رضي هللا عنه‬
May the blessings and peace of Allah be upon him‫صلى هللا عليه وسلم‬
Peace be upon him ‫عليه السالم‬
The Messenger‫الرسول‬
The Prophet ‫النبي‬
A sound Hadith ‫حديث صحيح‬
A good or fair Hadith ‫حديث حسن‬
A mursal Hadith ‫( حديث مرسل‬It was narrated by a student of one of the
companions)

A weak or unreliable Hadith ‫حديث ضعيف‬

A famous/ well-known Hadith‫حديث مشهور‬
A fabricated Hadith ‫حديث موضوع‬
A sacred Hadith ‫حديث قدسي‬
A rejected Hadith‫حديث مردود‬

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A narrator, transmitter‫راو‬
To narrate-to relate-to transmit‫يروي‬
Chain of authorities‫إسناد‬
Prophet's immigration to Madina ‫هجرة النبي إلى المدينة‬
Companions ‫الصحابة‬
Successors ‫التابعين‬
The Caliph ‫الخليفة‬
Mission of Muhammad ‫بعثة محمد‬
Abrogator and Abrogated ‫الناسخ والمنسوخ‬
Pre-Islamic period of ignorance ‫الجاهلية‬
The biography of Prophet Muhammad ‫سيرة النبي محمد‬

‫قسم القرآن‬
Quran

Verse ‫آية‬
Chapter ‫سورة‬
Section ‫جزء‬
Descending the Quran in Seven Modes ‫نزول القرآن على سبعة أحرف‬
Divine Revelation ‫الوحي اإللهي‬
Abbreviated Letters ‫الحروف المقطعة‬

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Prostrate yourselves to Adam ‫اسجدوا آلدم‬
Praise be to Allah‫الحمد هلل‬
I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the accursed‫أعوذ باهلل من الشيطان الرجيم‬
In the name of Allah, the }ompassionate, the Merciful‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Angels ‫المالئكة‬
Well-Preserved Tablet ‫لوح محفوظ‬
Satan's party ‫حزب الشيطان‬
Allah's Boundaries ‫حدود هللا‬

‫قسم العقيدة اإلسالمية‬

Islamic Theology

The Islamic Creed ‫العقيدة اإلسالمية‬

Islamic Law ‫الشريعة اإلسالمية‬
The Oneness of the Divinity ‫توحيد األلوهية‬
The Oneness of the Divine Names and Attributes ‫توحيد األسماء والصفات‬
The Oneness of the Divine Lordship ‫توحيد الربوبية‬
Payment of obligatory charity ‫إيتاء الزكاة‬
Doubtful Matters ‫شبهات‬
The Pillars of Islam ‫أركان اإلسالم‬
The Attributes of Allah ‫صفات هللا‬
The Last Day ‫اليوم اآلخر‬

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The Day of Resurrection ‫يوم البعث‬
Doomsday‫يوم القيامة‬
The Day of Judgment‫يوم الحساب‬
Penalty‫عقاب‬
Hereafter‫اآلخرة‬
Circumstances of the Grave ‫أحوال القبر‬
The Messengers of the Strong Will ‫أولو العزم من الرسل‬
A false god ‫طاغوت‬
The Sacred House ‫البيت الحرام‬
The Ancient House ‫البيت العتيق‬
Hell‫جهنم‬
Fire ‫النار‬
Paradise‫الجنة‬
Torment‫عذاب‬
Disgraceful‫مهين‬
The pious‫المتقين‬
Battle‫غزوة‬
Protect ‫يحمي‬
Torture ‫يعذب‬
The True ‫الحق‬
The All-Seeing ‫البصير‬
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The All-Knowing ‫العليم‬
The oft –Forgiving ‫الغفور‬
The Holy ‫القدوس‬
The Most Merciful ‫الرحيم‬
The Creator ‫الخالق‬
The Compassionate ‫الرحمن‬
The Most Gracious ‫الرحمن‬
The Glorious ‫المجيد‬
The Provider ‫الرزاق‬
The Eternal ‫الصمد‬
Allah the Almighty ‫هللا تعالى‬
Moses ‫موسى‬
Aaron ‫هارون‬
Jesus ‫عيسى‬
Jacob ‫يعقوب‬
John ‫يحيي‬
Mary ‫مريم‬
Abraham ‫إبراهيم‬
Ishmael ‫إسماعيل‬
Qarun‫قارون‬
Joseph ‫يوسف‬
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Qabil ‫قابيل‬
The Christ ‫المسيح‬
The Torah ‫التوراة‬
The Gospel ‫اإلنجيل‬
The Psalms ‫الزبور‬
Jesus, The son of Mary ‫عيسى بن مريم‬
Christianity ‫المسيحية‬
Judaism ‫اليهودية‬
Anti Christ – False Messiah ‫المسيح الدجال‬

‫قسم الدعوة اإلسالمية‬

Islamic Propagation
Preach Islam‫يدعو لإلسالم‬
To embrace Islam ‫يدخل في اإلسالم‬
With good intent ‫بحسن نية‬
With evil intent‫بسوء نية‬
Ethics ‫أخالق‬
Witness ‫الشاهد‬
Freeing Muslim Slaves‫يعتق العبيد المسلمين‬

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‫قسم الفقه‬
Jurisprudence (Legislative)

Voluntary prayer(s) ‫صالة التطوع‬

Voluntary acts‫النوافل‬
The obligatory prayer ‫الصالة المكتوبة‬
To bow‫يركع‬
Bowing‫ركوع‬
Prostration ‫السجود‬
Usury ‫الربا‬
Mortgage ‫الرهن‬
Divorce ‫الطالق‬
Inheritance ‫الميراث‬
Dry Ablution ‫التيمم‬
Disliked Acts of Ablution ‫مكروهات الوضوء‬
The major Sins ‫الكبائر‬
Pilgrimage (Hajj) ‫الحج‬
Disbeliever ‫كافر‬
Disbelief ‫كفر‬
Birth Sacrifice ‫عقيقة‬
Repentance ‫توبة‬
Repent ‫يتوب‬

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We have put our trust in Allah‫توكلنا على هللا‬
God forbid‫القدر هللا‬
Fear Allah‫اتق هللا‬
Allah knows best‫هللا أعلم‬
Farewell pilgrimage ‫حجة الوداع‬
The Dawn prayer ‫صالة الفجر‬
The Midday prayer ‫صالة الظهر‬
The Late-Afternoon prayer‫صالة العصر‬
The Sunset prayer‫صالة المغرب‬
The Evening prayer‫صالة العشاء‬
The Funeral prayer‫صالة الجنازة‬
The On-journey prayer‫صالة السفر‬
The Rain-invoking prayer‫صالة االستسقاء‬
The Late-night prayer‫صالة التهجد‬
Lawful ‫حالل‬
Forbidden, Prohibited ‫حرام‬
Friday Sermon ‫خطبة الجمعة‬

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Selected Texts

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‫)‪Hadith (The prophet’s tradition‬‬
‫باب‪:‬الفتنة من المشرق من حيث يطلع قرنا الشيطان‬

‫حديث ابن عمر رضي هللا عنهما أنه سمع رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم وهو مستقبل المشرق‪ ،‬يقول‪ " :‬أال إن الفتنة ههن‪II‬ا‪ ،‬من‬
‫حيث يطلع قرن الشيطان"‪.‬‬

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‫حديث أبي هريرة‪ ،‬عن النبي صلى هللا عليه وسلم قال‪ ":‬التقوم الساعة حتى يمر الرجل بقبر الرجل فيقول‪:‬ياليتني مكانه"‪.‬‬

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‫حديث أبي هريرة رضي هللا عنه‪،‬عن النبي صلى هللا عليه وسلم قال‪":‬التقوم الساعة حتى يبعث دجالون كذابون قريب‪II‬ا من ثالثين‬
‫كلهم يزعم أنه رسول هللا"‪.‬‬

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‫قال الرسول صلى هللا عليه وسلم‪" :‬اتق هللا حيثما شئت‪ ،‬وأتبع السيئة الحسنة تمحها‪ ،‬وخالق الناس بخلق حسن"‪.‬‬

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‫عن أبي هريرة رضي هللا عنه أن رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم قال‪" :‬من كان يؤمن باهلل واليوم األخر فليقل خ‪II‬يرا أو ليص‪II‬مت‬
‫ومن كان يؤمن باهلل واليوم اآلخر فليكرم جاره ومن كان يؤمن باهلل واليوم اآلخر فليكرم ضيفه"‪ .‬رواه البخاري ومسلم‪.‬‬

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‫قال الرسول صلى هللا عليه وسلم‪" :‬اليؤمن أحدكم حتى يكون هواه تبع‪II‬ا لم‪II‬ا جئت ب‪II‬ه"‪ .‬ح‪II‬ديث حس‪II‬ن ص‪II‬حيح روين‪II‬اه في كت‪II‬اب‬
‫الحجة بإسناد صحيح‪.‬‬

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‫إن هللا تعالى فرض فرائض فال تضيعوها وحد حدودا فال تعتدوها‪ ،‬وحرم أشياء فال تنتهكوها وسكت عن أش‪II‬ياء رحم‪II‬ة لكم غ‪II‬ير‬
‫نسيان فال تبحثوا عنها"‪ .‬حديث حسن رواه الدار قطني وغيره‪.‬‬

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‫عن النبي صلى هللا عليه وسلم قال‪ " :‬البر حسن الخلق واإلثم ماحاك في نفسك وكرهت أن يطلع عليه الناس"‪.‬‬

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‫عن النبي صلى هللا عليه وسلم فيما يروي‪II‬ه عن رب‪II‬ه ع‪II‬ز وج‪II‬ل أن‪II‬ه ق‪II‬ال‪ :‬ياعب‪II‬ادي‪ ،‬إني ح‪II‬رمت الظلم على نفس‪II‬ي وجعلت‪II‬ه بينكم‬
‫محرما فال تظ‪I‬الموا‪ .‬ياعب‪I‬ادي‪ ،‬كلكم ض‪I‬ال إال من هديت‪II‬ه فاس‪II‬تهدوني أه‪II‬دكم‪ .‬ياعب‪I‬ادي كلكم ج‪I‬ائع إال من أطعمت‪II‬ه فاس‪I‬تطعموني‬
‫أطعمكم‪.‬‬

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‫من أشراط الساعة‪ -‬أن يرفع العلم ويظهر الجهل ويشرب الخمر ويظهر الزنا ويقل الرجال ويكثر النساء‪.‬‬

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‫حديث أنس بن مالك قال‪ :‬قال رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم ‪ ":‬يتب‪II‬ع الميت ثالث‪I‬ة‪ .‬ف‪II‬يرجع اثن‪II‬ان ويبقى مع‪II‬ه واح‪I‬د‪ .‬يتبع‪I‬ه أهل‪II‬ه‬
‫وماله وعمله فيرجع أهله وماله ويبقى عمله‪.‬‬

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‫حديث أبي هريرة رضي هللا عنه‪ ,‬عن النبي صلى هللا عليه وسلم قال‪" :‬يخرب الكعبة ذو السويقيتين من الحبشة"‪.‬‬

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‫حديث أبي سعيد الخدري رضي هللا عنه قال‪ :‬حدثنا رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم حديثا طويال عن الدجال‪ .‬فكان فيما ح‪II‬دثنا ب‪II‬ه‬
‫أن قال‪" :‬يأتي الدجال وهو محرم عليه أن يدخل لقاب المدينة‪ I,‬بعض الس‪II‬باخ ال‪II‬تي بالمدين‪II‬ة‪ .‬فيخ‪II‬رج إلي‪II‬ه يومئ‪II‬ذ رج‪II‬ل ه‪II‬و خ‪II‬ير‬
‫الناس‪ ,‬أو من خير الناس‪ .‬فيقول ال‪I‬دجال‪ :‬أرأيت إن قتلت ه‪I‬ذا ثم أحييت‪II‬ه‪ ,‬ه‪I‬ل تش‪I‬كون في األم‪II‬ر؟ فيقول‪I‬ون‪ :‬ال‪ .‬فيقتل‪I‬ه ثم يحيي‪II‬ه‪.‬‬
‫فيقول‪ ,‬حين يحييه‪ :‬وهللا! ماكنت قط أشد بصيرة مني اليوم‪ ,‬فيقول الدجال‪ :‬أقتله ‪ ,‬فال أسلط عليه"‪.‬‬

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‫حديث جابر بن سمرة رضي هللا عنه‪ ,‬ق‪II‬ال‪ :‬ق‪I‬ال رس‪I‬ول هللا ص‪II‬لى هللا علي‪II‬ه وس‪II‬لم‪ :‬إذا هل‪II‬ك كس‪II‬رى فال كس‪II‬رى بع‪II‬ده وإذا هل‪II‬ك‬
‫قيصر‪ ,‬فال قيصر بعده والذي نفسي بيده لتنفقن كنوزهما في سبيل هللا‪.‬‬

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‫‪22‬‬
‫‪Supplications‬‬
‫‪Translate the following supplications into English.‬‬

‫أعوذ بكلمات هللا التامات من شر ما خلق‬

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‫اللهم اغفر لي وارحمني واهدني وارزقني‬

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‫الحمد هلل على كل حال‬

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‫الإله اال انت سبحانك إني كنت من الظالمين‬

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‫‪23‬‬
‫بسم هللا‪ ،‬توكلت على هللا‪ ،‬والحول والقوة إال باهلل‪.‬‬

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‫اللهم افتح لي أبواب رحمتك‬

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‫باسمك اللهم أموت وأحيا‬

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‫أعوذ باهلل من عذاب هللا‬

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‫ربنا آتنا في الدنيا حسنة وفي اآلخرة حسنة وقنا عذاب النار‪.‬‬

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‫‪24‬‬
‫اللهم إني أسألك الهدى والتقى والعفاف والغنى‬

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‫التحيات هلل والصلوات والطيبات‪ ،‬السالم عليك أيها النبي ورحمة هللا وبركاته‪ ،‬السالم علين‪II‬ا وعلى عب‪II‬اد هللا الص‪II‬الحين‪.‬أش‪II‬هد أن‬
‫الإله إال هللا وأشهد أن محمدا عبده ورسوله‪.‬‬

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‫اللهم صل على محمد وعلى آل محمد كما صليت على إبراهيم وعلى آل ابراهيم إنك حميد مجيد‪ ،‬اللهم بارك على محمد وعلى‬
‫‪.‬آل محمد كما باركت على إبراهيم وعلى آل إبراهيم إنك حميد مجيد‬

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‫‪25‬‬
‫‪.‬اللهم رحمتك أرجو فال تكلني إلى نفسي طرفة عين‪ ،‬وأصلح لي شأني كله الإله إال أنت‬

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‫اللهم اهدني فيمن هديت وعافني فيمن عافيت وتولني فيمن توليت وبارك لي فيما أعطيت وقني شر ماقضيت فإنك تقضي وال‬
‫‪.‬يقضى عليك إنه اليذل من واليت واليعز من عاديت تباركت ربنا وتعاليت‬

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‫‪.‬اللهم إني أسألك علما نافعا ورزقا طيبا وعمال متقبال‬

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‫‪26‬‬
‫‪.‬اللهم إني أعوذ بك من علم الينفع ومن قلب اليخشع ومن نفس التشبع ومن دعوة اليستجاب لها‬

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‫‪.‬سمع هللا لمن حمده‪،‬ربنا ولك الحمد حمدا كثيرا طيبا مباركا فيه‬

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‫‪.‬الحول والقوة إال باهلل‪.‬سبحان هللا والحمد هلل والإله إال هللا‬

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‫‪.‬الحمد هلل الذي بنعمته‪ I‬تتم الصالحات‬

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‫أعيذكما بكلمات هللا التامة‬

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‫‪27‬‬
‫‪The Holy Quran‬‬

‫‪Translate the following into English.‬‬

‫قال هللا تعالى‪:‬‬

‫قل هو هللا أحد‪..‬هللا الصمد‪..‬لم يلد ولم يولد‪..‬ولم يكن له كفوا أحد‪.‬‬

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‫قال هللا تعالى‪:‬‬

‫والعصر‪ ..‬إن اإلنسان لفي خسر‪..‬إال الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات وتواصوا بالحق وتواصوا بالصبر‪.‬‬

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‫‪28‬‬
‫قال هللا تعالى‪:‬‬

‫ادع إلى سبيل ربك بالحكمة والموعظة الحسنة وجادلهم بالتي هي أحسن‪.‬‬

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‫قال هللا تعالى‪:‬‬

‫والتجادلوا أهل الكتاب إال بالتي هي أحسن إال الذين ظلموا منهم‪.‬‬

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‫قال هللا تعالى‪:‬‬

‫فبما رحمة من هللا لنت لهم ولو كنت فظا غليظ القلب النفضوا من حولك‬

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‫‪29‬‬
‫قال هللا تعالى‪:‬‬

‫قل ياعبادي الذين أسرفوا على أنفسهم التقنطوا من رحمة هللا إن هللا يغفر الذنوب جميعا إنه هو الغفور الرحيم‪..‬وأنيب‪II‬وا إلى ربكم‬
‫وأسلموا له من قبل أن يأتيكم العذاب ثم التنصرون‪.‬‬

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‫قال هللا تعالى‪:‬‬

‫وتعاونوا على البر والتقوى وال تعاونوا على اإلثم والعدوان واتقوا هللا إن هللا شديد العقاب‪.‬المائدة‪2:‬‬

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‫‪30‬‬
‫قال هللا تعالى‪:‬‬

‫وتوبوا إلى هللا جميعا أيه المؤمنون لعلكم تفلحون‪ .‬النور ‪31:‬‬

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‫قال تعالى‪:‬‬

‫والمؤمنون والمؤمنات بعضهم أولياء بعض يأمرون بالمعروف وينهون عن المنكر‪ .‬التوبة‪7:‬‬

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‫قال هللا تعالى‪:‬‬

‫ماكان إبراهيم يهوديا وال نصرانيا ولكن كان حنيفا مسلما‪.‬‬

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‫‪31‬‬
‫قال هللا تعالى‪:‬‬

‫وإذ قال هللا ياعيسى ابن م‪II‬ريم أأنت قلت للن‪II‬اس اتخ‪I‬ذوني وأمي إلهين من دون هللا ق‪II‬ال س‪II‬بحانك م‪II‬ايكون لي أن أق‪II‬ول م‪II‬اليس لي‬
‫بحق‪.‬‬

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‫قال هللا تعالى‪:‬‬

‫وإذ قلنا للمالئكة اسجدوا آلدم فسجدوا إال إبليس قال أأسجد لمن خلقت طينا‪.‬‬

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‫قال هللا تعالى‪:‬‬

‫جنات عدن يدخلونها تجري من تحتها األنهار لهم فيها مايشاؤون كذلك يجزي هللا المتقين‪.‬‬

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‫‪32‬‬
‫‪:‬قال هللا تعالى‬

‫وأما الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات فيوفيهم أجورهم وهللا اليحب الظالمين‪.‬‬

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‫قال هللا تعالى‪:‬‬

‫ومن يعص هللا ورسوله ويتعد‪ I‬حدوده يدخله نارا خالدا فيها وله عذاب مهين‪.‬‬

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‫قال هللا تعالى‪ :‬وسيق الذين كفروا إلى جهنم زمرا حتى إذا جاءوه‪I‬ا فتحت أبوابه‪II‬ا وق‪I‬ال لهم خزنته‪II‬ا ألم ي‪I‬أتكم رس‪II‬ل منكم يتل‪II‬ون‬
‫عليكم آيات ربكم وينذرونكم لقاء يومكم هذا قالوا بلى ولكن حقت كلمة العذاب على الكافرين قيل ادخلوا أبواب جهنم خالدين فيها‬
‫فبئس مثوى المتكبرين‪.‬‬

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‫‪33‬‬
‫سُو َرةُ الفَاتِ َح ِة‬
‫بِ ۡس ِم ٱهَّلل ِ ٱلر َّۡح َم ِن ٱل َّر ِح ِيم (‪(١‬‬
‫ٰ‬
‫ۡٱل َحمۡ ُد هَّلِل ِ َربِّ ۡٱل ٰ َعلَ ِمينَ ( ‪(٢‬‬
‫ٱلر َّۡح ٰ َم ِن ٱل َّر ِح ِيم( ‪) ٣‬‬
‫ِّين( ‪) ٤‬‬ ‫ك يَ ۡو ِم ٱلد ِ‬ ‫ٰ َملِ ِ‬
‫ك ن َۡستَ ِعينُ ( ‪) ٥‬‬ ‫إِيَّاكَ ن َۡعبُ ُد َوإِيَّا َ‬
‫ٱه ِدنَا ٱلصِّ ٰ َرطَ ۡٱل ُمستقِي َم( ‪(٦‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬ ‫ۡ‬
‫ص ٰ َرطَ ٱلَّ ِذينَ أَن َعمۡ تَ َعلَ ۡي ِهمۡ غ َۡي ِر ٱل َمغضُو ِ‬
‫ب َعلَ ۡي ِهمۡ َواَل ٱلضَّٓالِّينَ (‪(٧‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫سورة الفلق‬
‫ق (‪)1‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ال‬ ‫بِّ‬ ‫قُلْ أَعُو ُذ بِ َ‬
‫ر‬
‫ق (‪)2‬‬ ‫ِم ْن َشرِّ َما خَ لَ َ‬
‫ب (‪)3‬‬ ‫ق إِ َذا َوقَ َ‬ ‫َو ِم ْن َش ِّر غَا ِس ٍ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ت فِي ال ُعقَ ِد (‪)4‬‬ ‫َو ِم ْن َش ِّر النَّفَّاثَا ِ‬
‫َو ِم ْن َش ِّر َحا ِس ٍد ِإ َذا َح َس َد (‪)5‬‬

‫سُو َرةُ الناس‬

‫اس (‪)1‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ‫قُلْ أَعُو ُذ بِ َربِّ‬
‫اس (‪)2‬‬ ‫ك النَّ ِ‬ ‫َملِ ِ‬
‫اس (‪)3‬‬ ‫َّ‬
‫إِلَ ِه الن ِ‬
‫اس ْال َخنَّ ِ‬
‫اس (‪)4‬‬ ‫ِم ْن َشرِّ ْال َو ْس َو ِ‬
‫اس (‪)5‬‬ ‫َّ‬
‫ُور الن ِ‬
‫صد ِ‬ ‫الَّ ِذي ي َُوس ِْوسُ فِي ُ‬
‫اس (‪)6‬‬ ‫ِمنَ ْال ِجنَّ ِة َوالنَّ ِ‬

‫‪34‬‬
Variety of Islamic Texts

Translate the following passages into Arabic.

Allah is simply the Arabic word for God. Allah for Muslims is the greatest and most inclusive of
the Names of God, denoting the one and only God and ascribing no partners to Him. It is exactly
the same word which the Jews, in Hebrew, use for God (eloh), the word which Jesus Christ used
in Aramaic when he prayed to God. God has an identical name in Judaism, Christianity, and
Islam; Allah is the same God worshiped by Muslims, Christians and Jews.  Muslims believe that
Allah’s sovereignty is to be acknowledged in worship and in the pledge to obey His teaching
and commandments, conveyed through His messengers and prophets who were sent at various
times and in many places throughout history. However, it should be noted that God in Islam is
One and Only. He, the Exalted, does not get tired, does not have a son i.e. Jesus or have
associates, nor does He have human-like attributions as found in other faiths.

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35
Muhammad (pbuh) was born in Mecca in the year 570AD.   Since his father died before
his birth, and his mother shortly afterwards, he was raised by his uncle from the respected tribe
of Quraysh.  As he grew up, he became known for his truthfulness, generosity and sincerity,
so that he was sought after for his ability to arbitrate in disputes. The historians describe him as
calm and meditative. Muhammad (pbuh) was of a deeply religious nature, and had long detested
the decadence of his society.

It became his habit to meditate from time to time in the Cave of Hira near Mecca. At the age of
40, while engaged in a meditative retreat, Muhammad (pbuh) received his first revelation from
God through the Angel Gabriel.  This revelation, which continued for 23 years, is known as the
Quran. As soon as he began to recite the words he heard from Gabriel, and to preach the
truth which God had revealed to him, he and his small group of followers suffered bitter
persecution, which grew so fierce that in the year 622 God gave them the command to emigrate.

This event, the Hijra ‘migration‘, in which they left Mecca for the city of Medina, marks the
beginning of the Muslim calendar.  After several years, the Prophet and his followers were able
to return to Mecca, where they forgave their enemies and established Islam definitively. Before
the Prophet dies at the age of 63, the greater part of Arabia was Muslim, and within a century of
his death Islam had spread to Spain in the West and as far East as China. He died with less than 5
possessions to his name.

While Muhammad (pbuh) was chosen to deliver the message, he is not considered the “founder”
of Islam, since Muslims consider Islam to be the same divine guidance sent to all peoples
before.  Muslims believe all the prophets from Adam, Noah, Moses, Jesus etc. were all sent with
divine guidance for their peoples.  Every prophet was sent to his own people, but Muhammad
(pbuh) was sent to all of mankind.  Muhammad is the last and final messenger sent to deliver the
message of Islam. Muslims revere and honor him (pbuh) for all he went through and
his dedication, but they do not worship him.  “O Prophet, verily We have sent you as a witness
and a bearer of glad tidings and a warner and as one who invites unto God by His leave and as
an illuminating lamp.“(33:45-6)

36
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37
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38
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Abdur-Rahman Ibn Awf

Our hero was an example of the true follower of Islam to whom wealth was a means to attain the
pleasure of Allah, rather than an end in itself.

When and how did this great man embrace Islam? He did so very early in the first hours of the
mission. He was one of the first eight persons to accept Islam. He had done so even before the
Messenger entered Dar Al-Arqam’s house and took it as a seat to meet his faithful companions.
In fact it is said that he accepted Islam only two days after Abu Bakr AS-Siddiq did so. He was
one of the ten persons who were assured of entering Paradise.

After Ibn Awf embraced Islam, he had his share of the harassment suffered by the rest of the
believers, and along with many of them he also left his hometown for Abyssinia. He returned to
Makkah when it was rumored that conditions for the Muslims had improved but, when these
39
rumors proved to be false, he left again for Abyssinia on a second hijrah. From Makkah once
again he migrated to Madinah in the company of the early emigrants, leaving behind all his
belongings.

But our hero had a special talent in commerce, which he put to very good use. In Madinah, ibn
Awf immediately started business; he collected enough money to get married. When the Prophet
(SAAW) learnt of his marriage, he suggested, “Make a wedding party even if it be over a sheep.
May Allah bless your possessions!” from that moment onwards, it seemed that he had gold
fingers; his wealth was growing at such a fantastic rate.

Ibn Awf’s wealth was no obstacle in our hero’s efforts to work for his faith. He actively
participated in every battle with Prophet Muhammad (SAAW). We are told that in the battle of
Uhud alone Ibn Awf had more than twenty wounds.

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40
Usamah Ibn Zaid

Usamah was born in the seventh year before Hijra. It was very rough time for Prophet
Muhammad (SAAW) and his few followers. For the message was new, the followers were very
few, including mostly poor people and slaves. Every Muslim at the time, including Prophet
Muhammad was being subjected to all sorts of harassment by the Makkan polytheists. At such
time, an interesting incident happened which brought happiness and delight to the heart of
Prophet Muhammmad, namely the birth of a boy whose father was the Prophet’s adapted son,
Zaid. The Prophet, (SAAW) loved Usamah as much as he loved his father before him, to the
point that the companions nicknamed him “the loved one, son of the loved one”. The mother of
Usamah was not less dear in the eyes of the Prophet. For she was Barakah (UMM Ayman), the
slave girl, who used to serve his own mother Aminah and who was almost a second mother to
Muhammad after the death of his mother Aminah, when he was only seven years old.

Usamah was a man of great intelligence and piety. During the preparations for the battle of
Uhud, he was still a young lad. Yet, he was very sad when the prophet did not allow the boys of
his age to participate in the fight. At the age of fifteen our hero tried hard to be accepted among
the fighters in the battle of the Trench (Al- Khandaq). At his insistence the Prophet allowed him
to join the army.

Later, when Prophet Muhammad wanted to send an army for the second Muslim encounter with
the Romans, in the Syrian region, the fighters included men of great experience and wisdom,
among whom were men who became Caliphs after the death of Prophet Muhammad such as Abu
Bakr and Umar and men who were later to become responsible for the total defeat of the Romans
in Syria and the Persian Empire in Iraq and Persia, such as Abu Obaidah and Saad ibn Abu
Waqqass. Yet it was our hero Usamah ibn Zaid who though barely twenty years of age, was
chosen by Prophet Muhammad to be commander-in-chief of that army.

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41
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43
Belief in His Angels

Allah has created the angels from light. They are honourable slaves of Allah, who obey Him and
execute His Commands. Allah created them to worship Him, and only Allah knows how many
they are. Among them are: Gabriel who is charged with delivering Divine revelations to the
Prophets and Messengers of Allah; Michael who is charged with the rain; The angel of death
who is charged with collecting human souls; The bearers of the Throne of Allah and The guards
of Paradise and Hell. Besides these, there are angels who guard humans, others who record
people’s deeds and utterances and still others who are charged with various other duties and
tasks.

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44
The Description of Paradise

Paradise is the abode that Allah has prepared for believers. It is a place of everlasting bliss that
no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no human has imagined. The spouses of the believers in it
are pure. Paradise contains rivers of milk with the taste unchanged, rivers of delicious wine,
rivers of pure honey, and every kind of delicious fruit and meat. Its inhabitants will never again
experience exhaustion, boredom or death. Its palaces are made from bricks of gold and silver,
and there are palaces made of pearl and sapphire. Paradise has eight gates, and the highest place
in it is called Firdaws. The first to enter it will be Muhammad, then those who lived in poverty,
and then the most pious. The angels will greet its entrants with the salutation of peace.

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45
Prayer

Prayer is the second pillar of Islam. It is the link between man and his Lord. He repeats it five
times a day to renew his faith and purify himself from the stains of sins. Prayer stands between
him and evil and obscene things. When he wakes up from sleep before dawn and before he starts
engaging in matters of this world, he stands in front of his Lord pure and clean. He magnifies his
Lord and affirms His absolute right to be worshipped by prostrating, standings, and bowing to
Him five times every day. Before he starts performing his prayer, he must purify his heart, body,
and the place of his prayer.

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Translate the following into English

‫يدنا‬I‫ا وس‬I‫ا وإمامن‬I‫ نبين‬،‫ه‬I‫ه على وحي‬I‫ وأمين‬،‫ه‬I‫ والصالة والسالم على نبيه ورسوله وخليل‬،‫ والعاقبة للمتقين‬،‫الحمد هلل رب العالمين‬
:‫أما بعد‬،‫ وعلى آله وأصحابه ومن سلك سبيله واهتدى بهداه إلى يوم الدين‬،‫محمد بن عبد هللا‬

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46
‫جاء في فتاوى اللجنة الدائمة ‪ -‬ماهو مقدار إطعام المسكين في كفارة اليمين‪ ,‬وهل يجوز إعطاء طعام عشرة مساكين لمسكين واحد فقط؟‬
‫مقدار إطعام المسكين في كفارة اليمين نصف صاع من البر ونحوهما من قوت البلد‪ ,‬ويعادل كيلو ونصف تقريبا‪ ,‬وال يجوز إعط اء طع ام‬
‫العشرة لواحد‪ ,‬بل البد من العشرة‪..‬‬

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‫ال ْاليَتَا َمى ظُ ْل ًما ِإنَّ َما يَأْ ُكلُونَ فِي بُطُونِ ِه ْم نَارًا َو َسيَصْ لَوْ نَ َس ِعيرًا"‬
‫تفسير ابن كثير آلية "إِ َّن الَّ ِذينَ يَأْ ُكلُونَ أَ ْم َو َ‬

‫َولِهَ َذا قَا َل إِ َّن الَّ ِذينَ يَأْ ُكلُونَ أَ ْم َوال ْاليَتَا َمى ظُ ْل ًما إِنَّ َم‪II‬ا يَ‪II‬أْ ُكلُونَ فِي بُطُ‪II‬ونه ْ‪I‬م نَ‪II‬ارًا َو َسيَ ْ‬
‫ص‪I‬لَوْ نَ َس‪ِ I‬عيرًا أَيْ إِ َذا أَ َكلُ‪II‬وا‬
‫يح ْي ِن ِم ْن َح‪ِ I‬ديث ُس ‪I‬لَ ْي َمان‬ ‫أَ ْم َوال ْاليَتَا َمى بِاَل َسبَب فَإِنَّ َما يَأْ ُكلُونَ نَارًا تَتَأَجَّج فِي بُطُونه ْم يَوْ م ْالقِيَا َمة ‪َ -‬وفِي َّ‬
‫الص ‪ِ I‬ح َ‬
‫بْن بِاَل ل ع َْن ثَوْ ر بْن َزيْد ع َْن َسالِم أَبِي ْال َغيْث ع َْن أَبِي هُ َر ْي َرة أَ َّن َرسُول هَّللا َ‬
‫صلَّى هَّللا َعلَ ْي ِه َو َسلَّ َم قَا َل " اِجْ تَنِبُ‪II‬وا‬
‫يل‪ : ‬يَا َرسُول هَّللا َو َما ه َُّن ؟ قَا َل ‪ -‬ال ِّشرْ ك بِاَهَّلل ِ َوالسِّحْ ر َوقَ ْتل النَّ ْفس الَّتِي َح َّر َم هَّللا إِاَّل بِ ْ‬
‫‪II‬ال َح ِّ‬
‫ق‬ ‫ال َّسبْع ْال ُموبِقَات ‪ -‬قِ َ‬
‫ي‪ : ‬يُ ْب َعث‬ ‫الس ‪ِّ I‬د ّ‬ ‫صنَات ْالغَافِاَل ت ْال ُم ْؤ ِمنَات " َوقَ‪َ I‬‬
‫‪I‬ال ُّ‬ ‫َوأَ ْكل ال ِّربَا َوأَ ْكل َمال ْاليَتِيم َوالتَّ َولِّي يَوْ م ال َّزحْ ف َوقَ ْذف‪ْ I‬ال ُمحْ َ‬
‫ْرف‪I‬هُ ُك‪ّ I‬ل َم ْن َرآهُ يَأْ ُك‪II‬ل َم‪II‬ال‬ ‫آ ِكل َمال ْاليَتِيم يَوْ م ْالقِيَا َمة َولَهَب النَّار يَ ْخرُج ِم ْن فِي ِه َو ِم ْن َم َسا ِمعه َوأَ ْنفه َو َع ْينَ ْي ِه يَع ِ‬
‫ْحاق بْن إِ ْب َرا ِهيم بْن َزيْد َح َّدثَنَا أَحْ َمد بْن َع ْمرو‪َ I‬ح‪َّ I‬دثَنَا ُع ْقبَ‪II‬ة بْن ُم ْك‪َ I‬رم َح‪َّ I‬دثَنَا‬ ‫ْاليَتِيم‪َ .‬وقَا َل اِبْن َمرْ َد َو ْي ِه‪َ : ‬ح َّدثَنَا إِس َ‬
‫ص‪I‬لَّى هَّللا َعلَيْ‪ِ I‬ه َو َس‪I‬لَّ َم‬‫‪I‬ارث ع َْن أَبِي بَ‪II‬رْ َزة أَ َّن َر ُس‪I‬ول هَّللا َ‬
‫يُونُس بْن بُ َكيْر َح َّدثَنَا ِزيَاد بْن ْال ُم ْن ِذر ع َْن نَافِع بْن ْال َح‪ِ I‬‬
‫‪I‬ر أَ َّن هَّللا‬
‫‪I‬ال " أَلَ ْم تَ‪َ I‬‬ ‫قَا َل " يُ ْب َعث يَوْ م ْالقِيَا َمة ْالقَوْ م ِم ْن قُبُوره ْ‪I‬م تَأَجَّج أَ ْف َواهه ْم نَارًا " قِ َ‬
‫يل يَا َر ُس ‪I‬ول هَّللا َم ْن هُ ْم ؟ قَ‪َ I‬‬
‫‪I‬رم‬ ‫قَا َل‪ " : ‬إِ َّن الَّ ِذينَ يَأْ ُكلُونَ أَ ْم َوال ْاليَتَا َمى ظُ ْل ًما " اآْل يَة " َر َواهُ اِبْن أَبِي َح‪II‬اتِم ع َْن أَبِي ُزرْ َع‪II‬ة ع َْن ُع ْقبَ‪II‬ة بْن ُم ْك‪َ I‬‬
‫ص ِحيحه ع َْن أَحْ َمد بْن َعلِ ّي بْن ْال ُمثَنَّى ع َْن ُ‬
‫ع ْقبَة بْن ُم ْك َرم ‪.‬‬ ‫َوأَ ْخ َر َجهُ اِبْن ِحبَّان فِي َ‬
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‫‪47‬‬
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The End

48