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Class Xii Organic Chemistry: S.N Class Functional Group Secondary Suffix Prefix

This document provides a table summarizing 17 common organic functional groups along with their suffixes and prefixes used in IUPAC naming. It then describes the priority order and rules for naming various functional groups including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, acid chlorides, amides, amines, and others. Key details covered include how prefixes, suffixes, and carbon chain names are combined to form valid IUPAC names. Primary, secondary, and tertiary variations are distinguished for several functional groups like amines.

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Aaditya K S
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279 views

Class Xii Organic Chemistry: S.N Class Functional Group Secondary Suffix Prefix

This document provides a table summarizing 17 common organic functional groups along with their suffixes and prefixes used in IUPAC naming. It then describes the priority order and rules for naming various functional groups including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, acid chlorides, amides, amines, and others. Key details covered include how prefixes, suffixes, and carbon chain names are combined to form valid IUPAC names. Primary, secondary, and tertiary variations are distinguished for several functional groups like amines.

Uploaded by

Aaditya K S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASS XII ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

S.N Class Functional group Secondary Prefix


suffix

1 Alcohol -OH ol

2 Aldehyde al

3 Ketone one

4 Carboxylic acid oic acid

5 Ester oate

6 Acid Chloride oyl chloride

7 Amide amide

8 Amine amine

9 Sulphonic acid sulphonic acid

10 Alkyl cyanide nitrile


11 Alkylisocyanide isonitrile

12 Thioalcohol thiol

13 Acid anhydride oic anhydride

14 Nitrocompound - Nitro

15 Azo compound - Azo

16 Alkyl halide - Halo

17 Ether - Alkoxy

Priority order or Seniority order or Reactivity order:

A.
Functional groups having prefix:
𝑰𝑼𝑷𝑨𝑪 𝑵𝒂𝒎𝒆 = 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒙 + 𝒂𝒍𝒌𝒂𝒏𝒆
𝑹𝑼𝑳𝑬𝑺:
- 𝑰𝑫𝑬𝑵𝑻𝑰𝑭𝒀 𝑭𝑼𝑵𝑪𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵𝑨𝑳 𝑮𝑹𝑶𝑼𝑷
- 𝑪𝑶𝑼𝑵𝑻 𝑪𝑨𝑹𝑩𝑶𝑵 𝑵𝑼𝑴𝑩𝑬𝑹
For example:

𝑰𝑼𝑷𝑨𝑪 𝑵𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 = 𝑨𝒍𝒌𝒐𝒙𝒚𝒂𝒍𝒌𝒂𝒏𝒆

A.Functional groups having secondary suffix:


𝑰𝑼𝑷𝑨𝑪 𝑵𝑨𝑴𝑬 = 𝑨𝒍𝒌𝒂𝒏𝒆 + 𝟐° 𝑺𝒖𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒙 If
secondary suffix starts with vowel, "e" of alkane should be omitted otherwise it is retained.

For examples:

For amines:Three types:


i) Primary amines (RNH2); containing two H-atoms on Nitrogen.
ii) Secondary amines (R2NH); containing one H-atom on Nitrogen.
iii) Tertiary amines (R3N); containing no H-atom on Nitrogen.

Primary amines (RNH2):


IUPAC Name: Alkanamine(Alk+ane-e+amine)

Secondary amines (R2NH): Two parts:


i) N-alkyl part
ii) Alkanamine part
IUPAC Name: N-alkyl alkanamine

Secondary amines are of two types:


i) Simple or Symmetrical (R=R')
ii) Mixed or Unsymmetrical (R≠ 𝑹′) For

examples:

Tertiary amines (R3N):


Different cases:
i) When all alkyl groups are same(i.e. R=R'=R'')
IUPAC Name= N,N-dialkylalkanamine
For examples:

ii) When any two alkyl groups are same and third alkyl
group is different( i.e R≠ 𝑹′ = 𝑹′′)
IUPAC name= N,N-dialkylalkanamine For

examples:
iii) When three alkyl groups are different (i.e R≠ 𝑹′ ≠ 𝑹′′)
IUPAC name= N-alkyl-N-alkylalkanamine where alkyl
groups are named in alphabetical order and longest
alkyl group is considered as alkanamine.
For examples:

For substituted amides:


Substituted amides are of two types:
i) Monosubstituted amide (where one H-atom of
NH2 group is replaced by alkyl(R) group)

IUPAC name =N-alkylalkanamide For


examples:

ii) Disubstituted amide (where two H-atoms of NH2


group are replaced by alkyl groups.

When R'=R'', IUPAC name=N,N-dialkylalkanamide.


For examples:
When R′ ≠ 𝑹′′, IUPAC name= N-alkyl-N-alkylalkanamide
where alkyl groups are named in alphabetical order.
For examples:

For esters: 𝑻𝒐 𝒃𝒆 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝑹′ 𝒏𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒃𝒆 𝑯 ( 𝒊. 𝒆. 𝒊𝒇 𝑹′ =


𝑯, 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝒃𝒆 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒙𝒚𝒍𝒊𝒄 𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒅 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓)
𝑰𝑼𝑷𝑨𝑪 𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 𝑨𝒍𝒌𝒚𝒍𝒂𝒍𝒌𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒂𝒕𝒆
Here 𝒂𝒍𝒌𝒚𝒍 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 of ester is followed by 𝒂𝒍𝒌𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕.
For examples:

For acid anhydrides(RCO)2O:


i) When both alkyl groups are same(R=R')

IUPAC name = Alkanoic anhydride

ii) When both alkyl groups are different(R≠ R')


IUPAC name = Alkanoic alkanoic anhydride, where alkyl groups are named in
alphabetical order.
Acid anhydride is formed by the dehydration of two
molecules of carboxylic acid.

For examples:

Alkyl group(-R): Obtained by the removal of one H-atom from


parent alkane.

For examples:

Alkyl groups are named by replacing the ending " ane " of alkane by " yl ".
Different types of C-atom and H-atom in alkane:

Different types of C-atoms:


i) Primary carbon (1oC): C-atom which is further directly
bonded to only one C-atom.
ii) Secondary carbon (2oC): C-atom which is further
directly bonded to two C-atoms.
iii) Tertiary carbon (3oC): C-atom which is further directly
bonded to three C-atoms.
iv) Quarternary carbon (4oC): C-atom which is further
directly bonded to four C-atoms.

Different types of H-atoms:


i) Primary Hydrogen (1oH): H-atoms which are directly
bonded to 1o C-atom.
ii) Secondary Hydrogen (2oH): H-atoms which are directly
bonded to 2o C-atom.
iii) Tertiary Hydrogen(3oH): H-atom which is directly
bonded to 3o C-atom.

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