LESSON 9: SOCIAL JUSTICE

Part I. Learning Module Information

Explain the principle in collecting community information in applied social

sciences. Explain the processes, methodologies and approaches in applied social
Content Standards
sciences related to community action.

Performance Apply systematic social research methods in conducting community study.

Standards Develop a community action plan using participatory approaches.

Most Essential
Learning Identify central themes in the evolution of social justice. Distinguish and explain
Competencies situations that depict social injustice.
(MELC)
Duration Q1 Week 9

Part II: Learning Explorations

Social Justice

Social justice refers to the overall quality and fairness in:

a. the treatment of fellow human beings regardless of race, sex,

gender, social class, age, dis/ability, religion, political
affiliation, creed, or other characteristics of background or
group membership;

b. the access and allocation of community resources and goods

such as basic needs (food, income, shelter, etc.) and;

c. the giving of opportunity structures and life chances so that

people can live meaningful lives and achieve well-being
(Bravemand and Bass-Haugen 2009, Beuttner-Schmidt and
Lobo 2012)

1|COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY &CITIZENSHIP

Poverty

The United Nations (2001) define poverty as “a human condition

characterized by the sustained or chronic deprivation of the
resources, capabilities, choices, security and power necessary for
the enjoyment of an adequate standard of living and other civil,
cultural, economic, political, and social rights.

Four Major Approaches in Understanding Poverty

Subsistence Minimum - Poverty here is seen either as income-party or

1. consumption poverty

Capability - Poverty here is seen as the absence or inadequate realization of

certain basic freedoms, or as what Amartya Sen (1989) coins as "capability
2 deprivation"

Social Exclusion - In this perspective, poverty is seen as the denial of human

rights and as the condition in which various international human rights
conventions are not fulfilled and not states are not held accountable in
3 safeguarding the rights of their citizen (UNRISD 2010)

Multidimensional - Poverty, in this viewpoint, is seen to be made up of

several factors that constitute poor people's experience of deprivation such
as poor health, lack of education, low years of schooling, and inadequate
4 living standard

2|COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY &CITIZENSHIP

Dimensions of Poverty
1. Cultural Dimension of Poverty
2. Economic Dimension of Poverty
3. Political dimension of Poverty
4. Social Dimension of Poverty
5. Environmental Dimension of Poverty

Unjust Forms of Social Inequalities

Unjust forms of social inequalities refer to the denial of human rights of individuals based on the
perception of their inferiority by those with more power, wealth, and prestige

Forms of Discrimination and Social Exclusion

Systematic oppression of subordinated groups to the advantage of
Classism
dominant groups on the basis of social class

Racism Systematic oppression on the basis of race or ethnicity

Sexism The belief and practice that one’s sex is innately superior to the other

Systematic oppression of any sex – including men, intersexual people,

Gender Bias and transgender people – on the basis of nonconformity to the
expected gender stereotypes attached to one’s sex
Pertains to prejudice and discrimination based on differences in age.
Ageism Usually, the children and the elderly are subordinated to the middle-
aged, who belong to the dominant age category
Refers to the unequal treatment and systematic oppression of a group
Disability Bias
of persons based on their physical or mental impairments or challenges
Refers to the intense commitment to certain religious, political, or
Ideological Bias philosophical ideas that results to the oppressive dismissal of other
ideas.

Part III: Assessment Task

Activity #1: Let your voice be heard!

Direction: Analyze and interpret the given pictures. What do you think does each picture represent in
terms of inequality and how are you going to address those?

3|COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY &CITIZENSHIP

LESSON 10: Empowerment and Participatory Development

Part I. Learning Module Information

Explain the principle in collecting community information in applied social

sciences. Explain the processes, methodologies and approaches in applied social
Content Standards
sciences related to community action.

Performance Apply systematic social research methods in conducting community study.

Standards Develop a community action plan using participatory approaches.

Most Essential
Learning Define empowerment, its core concepts, and the empowerment analytic
Competencies framework. Apply the empowerment analytic framework in the

4|COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY &CITIZENSHIP

monitoring and analysis of empowerment processes and its outcomes in
(MELC) one’s life.

Duration Q1 Week 10

Part II: Learning Explorations

Empowerment
Empowerment as a process is defined as “enhancing the capacity of the individual or group to make
purposeful and to transform those choices into desired actions and outcome”( Alsop, Bertelsen, and
Holland 2006).

Three Major Types of Empowerment

Political Empowerment
Social Empowerment
Economic Empowerment The individual’s capacity to make
The capacity of an individual to make
One’s capacity to make effective effective choices in order to increase
effective choices so that his or her
choices so he or she can contribute to equity in political institutions and for
own place in society will be respected
economic growth. him or her to be engaged in the
and recognized.
democratic process.

Three Major Domains of Empowerment

Society
Market State
Intra-household relationships and
Includes labour, goods, and private The realm of justice, politics, and
intra-community relationships.
services. Here, a person or a group is public service. Here, a person or a
Here, a person or a group is
considered an economic actor. group is considered a civic actor.
considered a social actor.

5|COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY &CITIZENSHIP

People operate and experience the above mentioned domains of empowerment differently depending on
the level of their activities:

1. Local – The immediate neighborhood or community.

2. Intermediary- The larger community in which the person or group is not engaged on a daily basis.
3. Macro- A large context in which a person operates.
4. Super-macro- The international or global community

Empowerment Components
Empowerment as a process takes significant time and empowerment as a state is not easily achieved.
Usually people who need the most empowerment are those who have the least amount of power,
wealth, and prestige.

The following are the Empowerment Components:

1. Self-advocacy and communication

Working with vulnerable people to improve their ability to speak up for themselves, communicate and
engage with others, and increase their ability to self-advocate.

2. Community mobilization

Working with vulnerable people to bring them together and raise their awareness so that so that they can
address social inequalities in wealth, power, and prestige.

3. Political Participation

Working with vulnerable people so that they can participate in a broad range of activities where they can
develop and express their opinions in the society and how it is governed.

4. Self-help groups

Working with vulnerable people so they can form and participate in groups, in order to resolve problems,
enhance their individual strength, and improve their quality of life.

5. People’s organization

Working with vulnerable people so that they can establish a registered people’s organization, gain legal
personality, and formally work together to ensure that social, economic, and political empowerment can
be collectively achieved.

Participatory Development
If empowerment pertains to the capacity to make choices that can produced desired changes,
participation on the other hand, refers to people involvement in the social, economic, and political
processes that affect their lives. So in order to achieve empowerment, participation serve as a
prerequisite incapacitating to make effective choices. The following strategies are recommended to
encourage people’s participation (Mathbor 2008; Samah and Aref 2009 ) :

 Conscientization
 Needs identification and goal determination
 Developing and enhancing confidence, skills, and knowledgeable
 Consulting, Dialogue, and involvement in decision-making
 Delegation of task and being accountable
 Ownership and control of resources
 Sharing benefits of the development process and outcomes
 Involvement of women in the development process
 Establishing Partnerships and conducting self-evaluation
 Environmental Protection

6|COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY &CITIZENSHIP

Stages and Level of Participation

People’s Participation can be incorporated in different stages of development intervention. According to

Harvey, Baghri, and Reed (2002), the stages of development intervention where people can participate in
are the following:

Involves expressing opinions about desirable improvements, prioritizing

NEED ASSESSMENT
goals, and negotiating with agencies or external organizations.

Concerns the formulation of objectives, the formulation of goals, and the

PLANNING
assessment of plans.

Involves raising awareness in the community about needs, and

MOBILIZING establishing or supporting organizational structures within the
community.

Entails the participation in formal and informal training activities that will
TRAINING enhance communication, construction, maintenance, and financial
management skills.

Concerns the engagement in management activities; direct contribution

to construction, operation, and maintenance with labour and materials;
IMPLEMENTING
contribution of cash toward costs; and payment of services and
membership fees of community organizations.

MONITORING AND Involve participation in the appraisal of work done, recognizing

EVALUATION improvements that can be made, and redefining needs.

Part III: Assessment Task

Activity #1: Unlock the Words

Direction: Complete the missing letters in order to unlock the correct word/term for each item.

1. Source of income, debt, and savings.

F__N__C__AL

2. Membership to local organizations

O__GA__I__AT__ON__L

3. Concerns the formulation of objectives, the formulation of goals, and the assessment of plans
PL__NN__NG

4. Concerns the engagement in management activities; direct contribution to construction, operation, and
maintenance with labor and materials; contribution of cash toward costs; and payment of services and
membership on fees of community organizations.
I__PL__ME__T__NG

7|COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY &CITIZENSHIP

5. Involve participation in the appraisal of work done, recognizing improvements that can be made, and
redefining needs.

M__N__T__R__NG AND E__A__U__TI__N

Activity #2: Reflect Upon

Do you think there are cases when people’s participation in development initiatives is not
necessary? Or is it necessary all the time? Justify your answer.

8|COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY &CITIZENSHIP

LESSON 11: Partnership Building with and for Local Communities

Part I. Learning Module Information

Explain the processes, methodologies and approaches in applies social sciences

related to community action. Identify different types and approaches of
Content Standards
partnership building.

Performance Recognize the salient points of local and participatory governance as a frame of
Standards reference for a better partnership building in community.

Most Essential Analyze the relationship of different local groups in terms of partnership
Learning and local governance. Explain the steps and procedures of partnership.
Competencies Discuss the ethics of having partnerships with local communities and
(MELC) external support group.

Duration Q1 Week 11

Part II: Learning Explorations

Definition of Partnership
The term partnership has various definitions, but let us see how it is defined in its classical and general
sense. Partnership is the state or condition of being with a partner, or being in participation, association,
and join interest.

There are two agendas for partnership:

 Develop global collaboration with specific mechanisms and systems that will ensure and back up
the achievement of sustainable development goals that can be felt and realized in all countries,
especially the developing ones.
 Promote develop and operationalize different forms of partnerships involving different sectors
from the private, public, and civil societies.

Types of Partnership during Contemporary Period

9|COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY &CITIZENSHIP
Partnership building in the contemporary period was geared toward development. The following are
examples of such partnership building for development:

1. Public-private partnership

2. Government organizations with nongovernment organizations

3. Nongovernment organizations with nongovernment organizations

4. Government organizations with people’s organizations

5. Nongovernment organization with people’s organizations

6. People’s organizations with people’s organizations

Partnership Building in Community with the Local Groups

A partnership – as it is applied in communities, localities, sectors, societies, global community, and other
spaces – uses varied approaches and strategies.

A group is a number of people or things that are together or in the same place.

A local group is a number of people who formally and informally belong to organizations, associations,
territories, clusters, sectors, beliefs, and interests in a specific community.

External groups or support groups are present and operating in the community.

Multi-stakeholders Partnership and participatory Local Governance

GOVERNANCE The power to formulate, legislate,

Police Power - and implement laws or policies for
the general welfare of the people.
The action and process of
governing by maximizing the Covers the power to collect taxes and
powers of the state by revenues from the state’s constituents to be
Taxation Power -
establishing, strengthening, used for the execution of the government’s
and sustaining direction, duties and responsibilities.
policy making and program
development. Power of eminent Pertains to the power to take private
property for public purpose, welfare, and the
Domain development of all.

EMPOWERMENT LOCAL GOVERNANCE

The Process of coming up Essentially putting the
with, gaining, strengthening essence and practice of
and sustaining power to governance in the context of
access and control resources a community
of the people.

Local Governance and Decentralization

Local governance is the contemporary, concrete, and ideal venue for partnership building with local groups
because of the decentralization process.

Four Different Concepts and Processes Related to Local Governance

Deconcentration
10 | Devolution
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY &CITIZEN SHIP
Power pertains to managerial and
The LGUs can run and administer
their own affairs as a political unit organizational creativity and capacity of
without interference from the national LGUs to govern
government
Debureaucratization Democratization
The process of transferring some public The process of opening
functions and responsibilities to voluntary, opportunities for people’s
private, or nongovernment organization. participation in local governance.

Part III: Assessment Task

Activity #1: Remember Me!

Directions: Identify the following according to its definition.

____________1. The power to formulate, legislate, and implement laws or policies for the general
welfare of the people.

____________2. The process of opening opportunities for people’s participation in local governance.

____________3. The power to collect taxes and revenues from the state’s constituents to be used for the
execution of the government’s duties and responsibilities.
____________4. The process of transferring some public functions and responsibilities to voluntary,
private, or nongovernment organization.

____________5. Pertains to the power to take private property for public purpose, welfare, and the
development of all.
____________6. Power pertains to managerial and organizational creativity and capacity of LGUs to
govern.
____________7. The LGUs can run and administer their own affairs as a political unit without interference
from the national government.

____________8. Process prescribes that any agency is manda.

____________9. Allow the registered voters of an LGU to directly propose, enact, repeal, or amend any
ordinance enacted by the LGU.

___________10. It is a form or means of nonviolent political participation of citizens’ right to petition.

11 | C O M M U N I T Y E N G A G E M E N T , S O L I D A R I T Y & C I T I Z E N S H I P
LESSON 12: Community Profiling and Needs and Resources
Assessment

Part I. Learning Module Information

Apply systematic social research methods in conducting a community study.

Content Standards
Performance
Show an understanding of the importance of community profiling.
Standards
Most Essential
Learning Identify the basic similarities and difference of community profiling and its type
Competencies and methods.
(MELC)
Duration Q1 Week 12

Part II: Learning Explorations

Community Profiling and Needs and Resources Assessment

Definition Community profiling

Community Profiling

 Profiling is a process of creating a series of information

that is applied to something or someone through
techniques of data elaboration.
 Profiling is method used to establish a better
understanding and description of the community in a

12 | C O M M U N I T Y E N G A G E M E N T , S O L I D A R I T Y & C I T I Z E N S H I P
specific geographical location and its community member’s context and reality (Department of
Environment and primary Industries 2013).

Needs and resources assessment

One of the fundamental tools in community organizing is the assessment of the community’s needs and
resources. In the process of changing the community members’ lives, it is important to delve into their
current societal situation.

Needs and resources assessment is a continuous process; it’s a step-by-step procedure in which the
needs, available resources, different groups working with and for the community, and the dynamic
participation of community members are identified (U.S Department of health & Human Services 2011;
Samuels, Ahsan, Garcia 1995).

Comparing profiling and needs and resources assessment

Community profiling is best use to determine the community socio-demographic profile, environmental
conditions, community structures, local institution, economic activities, livelihood, and basic household
profile. On the other hand needs and resources assessment tackles the community’s weak point, flaws,
need for program and services, and understanding the problem of the community in terms of information
and communication.

Importance of community profiling and needs and resources assessment

According to the National Federation Community Organizations in the United Kingdom (UK ), community
profiling is important because it may justify the identified needs of the community. This is necessary if
one wants to reach the goal of meeting the needs of specific community or neighborhood (Community
Matters, 2004)

The Nine Resources to be considered in community profiling (Community Matters, 2004)

History People of the Community Religion

– as communities change over – Characteristics such as – This aspects will identify

time, investigating how a population size, age, gender, how religion contributes to the
community developed can occupations, and countries of life and culture of the
help describe and show how a origin, mobility, leisure interest, community.
community came to be as it is skills, and educational attainment
at present. must also be investigated.
Presence of difference
agencies, support groups, and
institutions

Leisure Work and Economy – it is important for a

community or an organization to
– This will help identify how – Factors such as works, work identify the different groups
people spend their time, what patterns, and availability of the ( including national, local
facilities exist in the people will be used to identify government, nongovernment,
community, and how this what socio economic programs and people/community
facilities maximized by the and projects are to be dealt with organizations)that administer or
community members. and focused on. facilitate program in the area
and map out the function and
services offered by each.

Housing needs and Aspects Related to People with Health and Welfare
Resources assessment Special needs Development
(differently abled people)
– This is important to – These programs are important
13 | so
conduct C OasMtoM U N I T Y E N G A G–EThis
identify M E will
N T situate
, S O Lhow
I D the
A R I T Y & C I T I Z to
EN S H Ithe
assess P needs and resources
whether there are still community gives importance to and evaluate the effects and
improvements needed. this sector and determine what impacts of the programs to the
programs and services are to be people and to the whole
Types of Community profiling

Types of Community Profiling

14 | C O M M U N I T Y E N G A G E M E N T , S O L I D A R I T Y & C I T I Z E N S H I P
(Blackshaw 2010 and Hawtin and Percy Smith 2007)Participatory Resource Appraisal or Participatory
Learning Activity

Participatory Resource Appraisal (PRA) or Participatory Learning Activity (PLA) was first known as
the ParticipatoryBlackshaw
Rural Appraisal.
2010 The usage of the term evolved because Hawtin and thisPercy
type of community
Smith 2007 profiling
is applied not only in rural areas but also in urban, rurban, sectoral, and multisectoral groups. As its name
suggests, PRA or PLA is participatory; it facilitates empowerment and sustainability. People serve as the
main actors in this RapidtypeAppraisal
of community profiling from identifying theCommunity problem and Profile
situation, planning,
developing
This type and implementing
of profiling dealsthe program,
with how the and facilitating
Thisand guiding support
encompasses researchers.
the varied needs of This can lead
a specific
to higher community
researchers extract engagement.
data by However, means ofone criticalcommunity.
question inIt this
also type of community
includes the types of profiling
resourcesand
observation
research and by
is, “How conducting
participatory a discussion
is participatory?” that are present in the community and the kind of
with the key informants from the community. active involvement that the members have, in
This type of profiling Community
is deemedDescription
as budget –will elaborate order through
to improve thethefollowing
community’saspects:
kind of life.
friendly and
 Areacan as save a lottooflivetime.
a place – ThisRapid
include the quality of the physical environment and people’s
appraisal is called as such because of its speed
attitudes towards living there; the extent to which the needs are matched with the
Needs Assessment
in gatheringresources;
the needed data from the
and the extent to which local facilities meet people’s goals and aspirations.
community
 Area as a social community – This include This usually done
the community by certain
members agencies to
involvement in plan
social
out what type of
life; the extent of community supportiveness; and formal and informal networks. policy is needed in a certain
community. This type of profiling makes use
 Area as an economic community – This include income levels, employment prospects of
Priority Searching of existing data and/or is backed up by the
local residents, prosperity, and viability of local markets.
other data that may be of help in determining
 of
In this type Areaprofiling,
as a the primary
political means of – This the
community include systemsneeds.
community’s and structures of political
data collection is a focus group discussion
representation and local area management; decision – making process and structures of
(FGD). A general question
political is asked inand
representation theparticipation
FGD in community organizations.
and the gathered
 Arearesponses
as a personalwill then
space be–used
This as
include attachment to the local community; memories and
basis of the liferesearch surveyof (specifically,
experiences local people; and a the community being Community
part of Consultations
a larger community.
questionnaire).
As what its name suggests, this involves
conducting meetings and consultations with
Compass the community members. These consultations
Strengths and Limitation ofmay community
be in the profiling
form of focus groups, online
This method uses a 400 – item questionnaire, questionnaire, citizen panels and citizen juries,
which allowsStrength in community
the respondents to addprofiling
their own include the following (Teater and Baldwin 2012)
and planning for real exercises.
questions. Because this method
Empowerment of community members
of profiling Alignment with social work codes of practice values
requires expertise
- Community whenprofiling
it comesallowsto members
sampling to - For what we have learned, community profiling
and report writing,
becomeitmoreis not commonly
active through the used by
acquisition of allows the involvement of community members
community groups.the necessary information regarding to their Social Audit
community.
Anti-oppressive in nature This in
Holistic deals
naturewith measuring and producing
- Community profiling in anti-oppressive in reports
- It isregarding
able to look the health
at how person of a his/her
acts in certain
nature because researchers do not dictate the environment.
community, which in turn, gives researchers
needs and improvement of the community
an idea of the community, city, or district
level.
Limitations in community profiling include the following (Teater and Baldwin 2012)

Lack of Resources Expertise in the method

- For community profiling to be done right, a - In order to conduct a community profiling, one
thorough profiling must be done within the must be familiar with its methods.
community.
Involvement of community members Structural construction
- The involvement of the community that will be - When certain issues of the community have
profiled, and not just the research team is vital already emerged after conducting a profiling, the
to the whole research process. researches need to be prepared on how the
community would like to response to the findings

15 | C O M M U N I T Y E N G A G E M E N T , S O L I D A R I T Y & C I T I Z E N S H I P
Part III: Assessment Task

Activity #1: Know Yourself

Direction: Identify your strengths and weaknesses as well as your limitations by completing table below.

Strengths Weaknesses Limitations

Activity #2: “You belong with me”

Direction: Choose the types of community profiling below, then identify whether it is from
Blackshaw or Hawtin and Percy smith.
Rapid Appraisal Need Assessment
Priority Searching Community Consultation
Compass Social Audit

Blackshaw Hawtin and Percy Smith.

LESSON 13: Leadership Development

Part I. Learning Module Information

Explain the processes, methodologies and approaches in applied social sciences

Content Standards
related to social action.

16 | C O M M U N I T Y E N G A G E M E N T , S O L I D A R I T Y & C I T I Z E N S H I P
Performance Determine the different types of community leadership. Develop a criteria or
Standards guide for effective community leadership.

Most Essential
Learning Identify various ways and resolution on how to enhance and develop
Competencies participatory and democratic leadership in the community.
(MELC)
Duration Q1 Week 13

Part II: Learning Explorations

Leadership Development

Leadership

Leadership is defined as “the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to
be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish
shared objectives” (Yukl 2006 as cited in Rowe and Guerrero 2011) acquiring the skills is a process.

Leadership Development

An individual’s sense of leadership could be future honed through leadership development. Leadership
development is generally defined as the growth and development of one’s abilities and capabilities to
become effective leaders (Velsor, McCauley, and Ruderman 2010).

Styles of Leadership

17 | C O M M U N I T Y E N G A G E M E N T , S O L I D A R I T Y & C I T I Z E N S H I P
Leadership Style Description
This form of leadership that has total authority
Autocratic Leadership and control in decision-making (Leadership
Toolbox 2016)
This kind of leadership is based on fixed official
Bureaucratic Leadership duties under a hierarchy or authority in which
rules of management and decision-making are
applied.
This is a form of leadership which gather
Charismatic Leadership followers through personality and charm
rather than any form or external power of
authority (Changing Minds 2016)1
Also called participative leadership, this style
Democratic Leadership based on mutual respect and requires
collaboration between the leaders and the
people they guide (Gill 2016).
This leadership allows members to make their
Laisser-faire Leadership own decision, thus making the leader less
involved (Long-Cromwell 2016).
This style of leadership empowers members
People-oriented Leadership by making them feel appreciated for the work
they do (Friedman 2016).
A servant-leader was a first servant. In this
Servant Leadership type of leadership, serving a people becoming
a servant-leader are the core ideologies
(Greenleaf 1970)
Task-oriented Leadership Task-oriented leadership concentrates on
accomplish a task. They believe that a task
which is carried out by them would be done
right.
Transaction Leadership This type of leadership involves agreements
and transactions between leaders and
members, in an effort to improve the
performance of the latter (Hamilton n.d.).
Transformation Leadership Transformation Leadership starts with the
development of the vision – a view of a future
that will excite and convert potential
followers.
Environmental Leadership Environmental leadership is the capacity of
leaders to improve their future connection
with and make an impact on the environment
(Christopher 2007)

Common Problem and Challenges in Leadership

Common Problems Encountered By the Community

Absence of team identity Difficulty in making decision

The lack of or absence of team identity is Making decisions is difficult, especially
troublesome in any community or when something is at stake.
organization.

Poor communication Lack of participation

Poor communication, whether written or A group member may be shy, have low
oral, can obstruct the efficiency of a self-esteem, lack interest in the task, or
community, organization or department. avoid any form of communication.

18 | C O M M U N I T Y E N G A G E M E N T , S O L I D A R I T Y & C I T I Z E N S H I P
Lack of creativity
Inability to resolve conflicts
Brainstorming is essential to a community
Conflict arises from difference among or an organization because it serves as a
individuals. It is unhealthy for a venue which ideas gathered for the
community or organization to be in creation of substantial strategy.
conflict and to not be able to resolve it.

Ineffective leadership
Absence of group thinking
Ineffective leaders are those who are weak
The problem arises when some individuals
or poor in decision-making, confidence-
do not embrace new ideas or have
building, and organizational
mediocre thinking.
communication (Wicks 2016).

Trait of a leader

The traits of a leader can help lessen, if not totally eliminate, the problems and challenges of leadership.
Leaders have different traits in terms of leading their members. A leader should have the ability to
motivate, the capacity to relate and build relationships with others, and the ability to manage people,
tasks, and responsibilities (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants 2001).

Ability to provide motivation to every individuals

Vision A leader is able to produce and plan good images.
Concept A leader is able to carefully and clearly express his or her goals to
the team.
Focus A leader is focused on the goal/s.
Drives to motivation
Ego drive A leader defines oneself as substantial.
Competition A leader yearns for success.
Achiever A leader is enthusiastic
Courage A leader likes challenges
Activator A leader is practical
Ability to develop relationship with others
Relater A leader can build trust and care for the whole team
Developer A leader aspires to help others grow and change
Multi-relater A leader relates to and connects with other individuals
Individual perception A leader acknowledges people’s independence.
Stimulator A leader treats other equally and creates a stimulating environment
for his/her members.
Team A leader motivates people to help each other
Ability to manage
Performance orientation A leader is motivated towards to his or her goals.
Discipline A leader manages time and his/her work environment well.
Responsibility/Ethics A leader can take a psychological and emotional tenure of specific
performance
Arranger A leader organize people and activities
Operational A leader can direct and help people to be more effective
Strategic thinking A leader is always prepared and always does “what if?” thinking to
produce new ideas and upcoming goals.

19 | C O M M U N I T Y E N G A G E M E N T , S O L I D A R I T Y & C I T I Z E N S H I P
Part III: Assessment Task

Activity #1: I am the Leader!

Direction: If you will be the next leader in our country, what are your plans and advocacies in terms of
education, health, disaster, environment and livelihood. Write your answers on the space provided.

EDUCATION

HEALTH

DISASTER

ENVIRONMENT

LIVELIHOOD

20 | C O M M U N I T Y E N G A G E M E N T , S O L I D A R I T Y & C I T I Z E N S H I P