Institute of Technology of Cambodia Calculus II (2020-21)

I1–TD5
Sequence of Functions

1. Over the given interval I determine the sets of pointwise and uniform convergence, and
the limit function, for:
nx 4nx
(a) fn (x) = , I = [0, +∞) (f) fn (x) = , I=R
1 + n3 x3 3nx + 5nx
x sin(nx + 3)
(b) fn (x) = , I = [0, +∞) (g) fn (x) = √ , I=R
1 + n2 x2 n+1
(c) fn (x) = enx , I=R (h) fn (x) = n2 xn , I = (0, 1)
2
x
(d) fn (x) = nxe−nx , I=R (i) fn (x) = x exp − sin , I=R
n
1 sin(nx)
(e) fn (x) = , I = R+ (j) fn (x) = √ I = R∗+
(1 + x)1+1/n n x

2. Let (fn ) be a sequence of function defined by

sin x

 , if x 6= 0
fn (x) = x(1 + nx)
1, if x = 0


(a) Study the pointwise and uniform convergent of (fn ) on [0, π].
(b) Let a ∈]0, π[. Study the pointwise and uniform convergent of (fn ) on [a, π].

3. Study pointwise and uniform convergence for the sequence of function:

fn (x) = nx(1 − x2 )n , x ∈ [−1, 1]

Does the following formula hold?

Z 1 Z 1
lim fn (x)dx = lim fn (x)dx.
n→∞ 0 0 n→∞

4. Study pointwise and uniform convergence for the sequence of function:

fn (x) = arctan nx, x∈R

Tell whether the formula

Z 1 Z 1
lim fn (x)dx = lim fn (x)dx.
n→∞ a a n→∞

holds, for a = 0 or a = 1/2.

5. Suppose 0 < a < b. Prove that

Z b
x n −x
lim 1+ e dx = b − a.
n→∞ a n

Dr. Lin Mongkolsery 1

Institute of Technology of Cambodia Calculus II (2020-21)

6. Study pointwise and uniform convergence for the sequence of function:

2

fn (x) = cos xe−nx , x ∈ R

then deduce limit of the sequence

Z 1
In = fn (x) dx
0

7. Find an example of a sequence (fn ) of continuous

Z 1 functions from [0, 1] to R which
converges pointwise to 0 but for which lim fn (x)dx 6= 0.
n→∞ 0

8. Let (fn ) be a sequence of continue function on R. Show that, if the sequence (fn )
uniformly convergent on R to function f , then the sequence of function (fn ◦ fn )
converge pointwie on R.

9. Let g : R −→ R. Suppose that g is differentiable, g(0) = 0, g 0 (0) 6= 0 and lim g(x) =

x→±∞
0. For each n ∈ N define fn : R −→ R by
g(nx)
fn (x) =
n
Prove that fn −→ 0 uniformly, but fn0 9 0.

10. Show that the sequence of functions (x+1/n) converge uniformly on R, but ((x+1/n)2 )
does not converge uniformly.

11. Let A ⊂ R, and let (fn ) and (gn ) be uniformly convergent sequences of functions from
A to R. Prove that (fn + gn ) converges uniformly.

12. Suppose that fn : [a, b] → R converges uniformly to f where f is continuous on [a, b].
Suppose further that a sequence (xn ), whose elements in [a, b], coverges to x. Show
that
fn (xn ) → f (x).

13. Let fn : R → R defined by p

fn (x) = x2 + 1/n
Show that fn is in class C 1 and (fn ) converges uniformly on R to a function f which is
not in class C 1 .

14. Let f : R → R be two times differentiable and f 00 is bounded. Show that the sequence
of function
gn (x) = n (f (x + 1/n) − f (x))
converges uniformly to f 0 .

15. Let (fn ) be a sequence of function defined on R+ by

x
f0 (x) = x and fn+1 (x) = for all n ∈ N
2 + fn (x)

Study pointwise and uniform convergence of (fn ) on R+ .

Dr. Lin Mongkolsery 2

Institute of Technology of Cambodia Calculus II (2020-21)

Series of Functions

16. Determine the set of pointwise convergence of the series:

∞ ∞
X (n + 2)x X xn
(a) √ (d) , x 6= −2
n=1
n 3+ n n=1
xn + 2 n
∞ ∞
X x n2 X 1
(b) 1+ (e) (−1)n nx sin
n=1
n n=1
n
∞ ∞
X 1 X √ x
(c) , x>0 (f) n− n2 −1
n=1
x + x−n
n
n=1

∞
X
17. Determine the set of pointwise and uniform convergence of the series enx . Compute
n=2
its sum, where defined.
∞ ∞
x X X
18. Setting fn (x) = cos , check fn0 (x) converges uniformly on [−1, 1], while fn (x)
n n=1 n=1
converges nowhere.
19. Determine the set of pointwise and uniform convergence of the series:
∞ ∞ ∞ h
X
1/x
X (ln n)x X
2 2 1/(n2 +x2 )
i
(a) n (b) (c) (n + x ) −1
n=1 n=1
n n=1

20. Show that the following series converge uniformly on the indicated set I.
∞ ∞
X xn X e−nx
(a) (−1)n+1 , I = [0, 1] (d) (−1)n+1 √ , I = [0, ∞)
n=1
n n=1
n + x2
∞ ∞
X sin(nx) X arctan(nx)
(b) , I = [α, 2π−α], 0 < α < π (e) (−1)n+1 , I=R
n=1
n n=1
n + x2
∞ ∞
X sin(n2 x) sin(nx) X (−1)n+1 cos(x/n)
(c) , I=R (f) √ , I = [−R, R].
n=1
n + x2 n=1
n + + cos x
∞
X
21. Suppose that an xn converges for x = −4 and diverges for x = 6. What can be said
n=0
about the convergence or divergence of the series?
∞
X ∞
X ∞
X ∞
X
n n
(a) an (b) an 7 (c) an (−3) (d) (−1)n an 9n
n=0 n=0 n=0 n=0

22. Let p be a positive integer. Determine, as p varies, the radius of convergence of

∞
X (n!)p n
x
n=0
(pn)!

23. Find radius and set of convergence of the power series:

Dr. Lin Mongkolsery 3

Institute of Technology of Cambodia Calculus II (2020-21)

∞ ∞ ∞
X xn X
2 n
X nxn
(a) √ (e) n (x − 4) (i)
n=1
n n=0 n=1
1.3.5 . . . (2n − 1)
∞ n n ∞ 3 n ∞
X (−1) x X n (x − 1) X (−1)n x2n−1
(b) (f) (j)
n=0
n+1 n=0
10n 2n − 1
n=1
∞ ∞
X X (x + 3)n
(c) nx2n (g) (−1)n
n=0 n=1
n3n
∞ ∞
X xn X
(d) (−1)n n (h) n!(2x − 1)n
n=2
3 ln n n=1

24. The function ∞

X (−1)n x2n+1
J1 (x) =
n=1
n!(n + 1)!22n+1
is called Bessel function of order 1. Determine its domain.

25. Determine the convergence set of the series:

∞ n ∞ n ∞
X 2 2 n
X 1 1+x X n + 1 −nx2
(a) (x − 1) (b) √ (c) 2+1
2
n=1
3 n=1
n
n 1−x n=1
n

26. Expand in Maclaurin series the following functions, computing the radius of conver-
gence of the series thus obtained:
√
x3 (d) f (x) = 2−x
(a) f (x) =
x+2
1+x 1
(b) f (x) = ln (e) f (x) =
1−x 2 + x − x2
(c) f (x) = 2x (f) f (x) = ex sin x

27. Expand the functions below in Taylor series around the point x0 , and tell what is the
radius of the series:
1 √
(a) f (x) = , x0 = 1 (b) f (x) = x, x0 = 4 (c) f (x) = ln x, x0 = 2
x

28. Find the radius of convergence R of the power series

∞
X x2n+1
n=0
(2n + 1)!!

and show that its sum f satisfies the equation f 0 (x) = 1 + xf (x), x ∈ (−R, R).

29. Determine the radius of convergent R and calculate for x ∈ (−R, R), the sum
∞ ∞
X xn X sinh n
(a) f (x) = (b) g(x) = x2n
n=0
(2n)! n=0
(2n)!

Dr. Lin Mongkolsery 4

Institute of Technology of Cambodia Calculus II (2020-21)

∞ ∞
X
2 n
X n2 + n + 1
(c) h(x) = (n + n + 1)x (d) k(x) = xn
n=0 n=0
n!

30. (a) Determine the radius of convergent R of the series

∞
X x3n
n=1
(3n)!

(b) For x ∈ (−R, R), find the closed form of the series.
31. Let f be a function defined on domain D by
∞
X x2n+2
f (x) =
n=1
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
(a) Find the radius of convergent R and domain of convergent D of f .
(b) Determine the closed form of f .
(c) Deduce the value of the series
∞
X 1
n=1
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
32. Let f be a function defined on domain D by
∞
X (−1)n−1 x2n
f (x) =
n=1
n(2n − 1)
(a) Find the radius of convergent R and domain of convergent D of f .
(b) Determine the closed form of f .
(c) Deduce the value of the series
∞
X (−1)n−1
n=1
n(2n − 1)

33. For arctan x is analytic on (−1, 1), establish the following equalities:
∞ ∞
X (2n − 1)!! X (−1)n 2n+1
arcsin x = x + x2n+1 , arctan x = x .
n=1
(2n)!!(2n + 1) n=0
2n + 1
Deduce that
∞ ∞
π 1 X (2n − 1)!! π X (−1)n
= + 2n+1
and = .
6 2 n=1 2 (2n)!!(2n + 1) 4 n=0
2n + 1

34. (a) Find the radius of convergent of the series

∞ ∞
X cos(nα) n
X sin(nα)
x , and xn
n=1
n n=1
n
∞
X cos(nα)
(b) For |x| < 1, calculate the sum C(x) = xn .
n=1
n
∞
X sin(nα) n x sin α
(c) Show that for |x| < 1, we have x = arctan
n=1
n 1 − x cos α

Dr. Lin Mongkolsery 5