// Implementation of Inserting an element into a linear array

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int arr[20],position,k,n,i,j,item;
clrscr();
printf("Enter number of elements in the array\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter array elements\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
printf("Enter the item to insert\n");
scanf("%d",&item);
printf("Enter the position to insert new element\n");
scanf("%d",&position);
j=n-1;
while(j>=position-1)
{
arr[j+1]=arr[j];
j=j-1;
}
arr[position-1]=item;
n=n+1;
printf("After insertion Array is\n");
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("%d\t",arr[j]);
getch();
}

// Implementation of Deleting an element from a linear array

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int arr[20],position,n,i,j,item;
clrscr();
printf("Enter number of elements in the array\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter array elements\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
printf("Enter the position to delete element\n");
scanf("%d",&position);
item=arr[position-1];
j=position-1;
while(j<=n-1)
{
arr[j]=arr[j+1];
j=j+1;
}
n=n-1;
printf("After Deletion Array is\n");
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("%d\t",arr[j]);
getch();
}

// Linear Search
1. #include<stdio.h>
2.
3. int linear_search(int*, int, int);
4.
5. main()
6. {
7. int array[100], search, c, n, position;
8.
9. printf("Enter the number of elements in array\n");
10. scanf("%d",&n);
11.
12. printf("Enter %d numbers\n", n);
13.
14. for ( c = 0 ; c < n ; c++ )
15. scanf("%d",&array[c]);
16.
17. printf("Enter the number to search\n");
18. scanf("%d",&search);
19.
20. position = linear_search(array, n, search);
21.
22. if ( position == -1 )
23. printf("%d is not present in array.\n", search);
24. else
25. printf("%d is present at location %d.\n", search, position+1);
26.
27. return 0;
28. }
29.
30. int linear_search(int *pointer, int n, int find)
31. {
32. int c;
33.
34. for ( c = 0 ; c < n ; c++ )
35. {
36. if ( *(pointer+c) == find )
37. return c;
38. }
39.
40. return -1;
41. }

// Binary Search

1. #include<stdio.h>
2.
3. main()
4. {
5. int c, first, last, middle, n, search, array[100];
6.
7. printf("Enter number of elements\n");
8. scanf("%d",&n);
9.
10. printf("Enter %d integers\n", n);
11.
12. for ( c = 0 ; c < n ; c++ )
13. scanf("%d",&array[c]);
14.
15. printf("Enter value to find\n");
16. scanf("%d",&search);
17.
18. first = 0;
19. last = n - 1;
20. middle = (first+last)/2;
21.
22. while( first <= last )
23. {
24. if ( array[middle] < search )
25. first = middle + 1;
26. else if ( array[middle] == search )
27. {
28. printf("%d found at location %d.\n", search, middle+1);
29. break;
30. }
31. else
32. last = middle - 1;
33.
34. middle = (first + last)/2;
35. }
36. if ( first > last )
37. printf("Not found! %d is not present in the list.\n", search);
38.
39. return 0;
40. }

// Implement Sparse matrix using array

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int A[10][10],B[10][3],m,n,s=0,i,j;
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the order m x n of the sparse matrix");
scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);
printf("\nEnter the elements in the sparse matrix(mostly zeroes)");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&A[i][j]);
}
printf("The given matrix is:n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",A[i][j]);
}
printf("n");
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(A[i][j]!=0)
{
B[s][0]=A[i][j];
B[s][1]=i;
B[s][2]=j;
s++;
}
}
}
printf("\nThe sparse matrix is given by");
printf("n");
for(i=0;i<s;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",B[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}

Implementation of Stack using Array

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

#define SIZE 10

void push(int);
void pop();
void display();

int stack[SIZE], top = -1;

void main()
{
int value, choice;
clrscr();
while(1){
printf("\n\n***** MENU *****\n");
printf("1. Push\n2. Pop\n3. Display\n4. Exit");
printf("\nEnter your choice: ");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice){
case 1: printf("Enter the value to be insert: ");
scanf("%d",&value);
push(value);
break;
case 2: pop();
break;
case 3: display();
break;
case 4: exit(0);
default: printf("\nWrong selection!!! Try again!!!");
}
}
}
void push(int value){
if(top == SIZE-1)
printf("\nStack is Full!!! Insertion is not possible!!!");
else{
top++;
stack[top] = value;
printf("\nInsertion success!!!");
}
}
void pop(){
if(top == -1)
printf("\nStack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!");
else{
printf("\nDeleted : %d", stack[top]);
top--;
}
}
void display(){
if(top == -1)
printf("\nStack is Empty!!!");
else{
int i;
printf("\nStack elements are:\n");
for(i=top; i>=0; i--)
printf("%d\n",stack[i]);
}
}

Stack Using Linked List

The major problem with the stack implemented using an array is, it works only for a
fixed number of data values. That means the amount of data must be specified at the
beginning of the implementation itself. Stack implemented using an array is not suitable,
when we don't know the size of data which we are going to use. A stack data structure
can be implemented by using a linked list data structure. The stack implemented using
linked list can work for an unlimited number of values. That means, stack implemented
using linked list works for the variable size of data. So, there is no need to fix the size at
the beginning of the implementation. The Stack implemented using linked list can
organize as many data values as we want.
In linked list implementation of a stack, every new element is inserted as 'top' element.
That means every newly inserted element is pointed by 'top'. Whenever we want to
remove an element from the stack, simply remove the node which is pointed by 'top' by
moving 'top' to its previous node in the list. The next field of the first element must be
always NULL.
Example

In the above example, the last inserted node is 99 and the first inserted node is 25. The
order of elements inserted is 25, 32,50 and 99.
Stack Operations using Linked List
To implement a stack using a linked list, we need to set the following things before
implementing actual operations.
 Step 1 - Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare
all the user defined functions.
 Step 2 - Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
 Step 3 - Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
 Step 4 - Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations
and make suitable function calls in the mainmethod.
push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
We can use the following steps to insert a new node into the stack...
 Step 1 - Create a newNode with given value.
 Step 2 - Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
 Step 3 - If it is Empty, then set newNode → next = NULL.
 Step 4 - If it is Not Empty, then set newNode → next = top.
 Step 5 - Finally, set top = newNode.
pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
We can use the following steps to delete a node from the stack...
 Step 1 - Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
 Step 2 - If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not
possible!!!" and terminate the function
 Step 3 - If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
 Step 4 - Then set 'top = top → next'.
 Step 5 - Finally, delete 'temp'. (free(temp)).
display() - Displaying stack of elements
We can use the following steps to display the elements (nodes) of a stack...
 Step 1 - Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
 Step 2 - If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the
function.
 Step 3 - If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize
with top.
 Step 4 - Display 'temp → data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the
same until temp reaches to the first node in the stack. (temp → next != NULL).
 Step 5 - Finally! Display 'temp → data ---> NULL'.

Implementation of Stack using Linked List

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

struct Node
{
int data;
struct Node *next;
}*top = NULL;
void push(int);
void pop();
void display();

void main()
{
int choice, value;
clrscr();
printf("\n:: Stack using Linked List ::\n");
while(1){
printf("\n****** MENU ******\n");
printf("1. Push\n2. Pop\n3. Display\n4. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice){
case 1: printf("Enter the value to be insert: ");
scanf("%d", &value);
push(value);
break;
case 2: pop(); break;
case 3: display(); break;
case 4: exit(0);
default: printf("\nWrong selection!!! Please try again!!!\n");
}
}
}
void push(int value)
{
struct Node *newNode;
newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
newNode->data = value;
if(top == NULL)
newNode->next = NULL;
else
newNode->next = top;
top = newNode;
printf("\nInsertion is Success!!!\n");
}
void pop()
{
if(top == NULL)
printf("\nStack is Empty!!!\n");
else{
struct Node *temp = top;
printf("\nDeleted element: %d", temp->data);
top = temp->next;
free(temp);
}
}
void display()
{
if(top == NULL)
printf("\nStack is Empty!!!\n");
else{
struct Node *temp = top;
while(temp->next != NULL){
printf("%d--->",temp->data);
temp = temp -> next;
}
printf("%d--->NULL",temp->data);
}
}

Linked List in C: Menu Driven Program

1. #include<stdio.h>
2. #include<stdlib.h>
3. struct node
4. {
5. int data;
6. struct node *next;
7. };
8. struct node *head;
9.
10. void beginsert ();
11. void lastinsert ();
12. void randominsert();
13. void begin_delete();
14. void last_delete();
15. void random_delete();
16. void display();
17. void search();
18. void main ()
19. {
20. int choice =0;
21. while(choice != 9)
22. {
23. printf("\n\n*********Main Menu*********\n");
24. printf("\nChoose one option from the following list ...\n");
25. printf("\n==================================
=============\n");
26. printf("\n1.Insert in begining\n2.Insert at last\n3.Insert at any ra
ndom location\n4.Delete from Beginning\n
27. 5.Delete from last\n6.Delete node after specified location\n7.Sea
rch for an element\n8.Show\n9.Exit\n");
28. printf("\nEnter your choice?\n");
29. scanf("\n%d",&choice);
30. switch(choice)
31. {
32. case 1:
33. beginsert();
34. break;
35. case 2:
36. lastinsert();
37. break;
38. case 3:
39. randominsert();
40. break;
41. case 4:
42. begin_delete();
43. break;
44. case 5:
45. last_delete();
46. break;
47. case 6:
48. random_delete();
49. break;
50. case 7:
51. search();
52. break;
53. case 8:
54. display();
55. break;
56. case 9:
57. exit(0);
58. break;
59. default:
60. printf("Please enter valid choice..");
61. }
62. }
63. }
64. void beginsert()
65. {
66. struct node *ptr;
67. int item;
68. ptr = (struct node *) malloc(sizeof(struct node *));
69. if(ptr == NULL)
70. {
71. printf("\nOVERFLOW");
72. }
73. else
74. {
75. printf("\nEnter value\n");
76. scanf("%d",&item);
77. ptr->data = item;
78. ptr->next = head;
79. head = ptr;
80. printf("\nNode inserted");
81. }
82.
83. }
84. void lastinsert()
85. {
86. struct node *ptr,*temp;
87. int item;
88. ptr = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
89. if(ptr == NULL)
90. {
91. printf("\nOVERFLOW");
92. }
93. else
94. {
95. printf("\nEnter value?\n");
96. scanf("%d",&item);
97. ptr->data = item;
98. if(head == NULL)
99. {
100. ptr -> next = NULL;
101. head = ptr;
102. printf("\nNode inserted");
103. }
104. else
105. {
106. temp = head;
107. while (temp -> next != NULL)
108. {
109. temp = temp -> next;
110. }
111. temp->next = ptr;
112. ptr->next = NULL;
113. printf("\nNode inserted");
114.
115. }
116. }
117. }
118. void randominsert()
119. {
120. int i,loc,item;
121. struct node *ptr, *temp;
122. ptr = (struct node *) malloc (sizeof(struct node));
123. if(ptr == NULL)
124. {
125. printf("\nOVERFLOW");
126. }
127. else
128. {
129. printf("\nEnter element value");
130. scanf("%d",&item);
131. ptr->data = item;
132. printf("\nEnter the location after which you want to insert ");
133. scanf("\n%d",&loc);
134. temp=head;
135. for(i=0;i<loc;i++)
136. {
137. temp = temp->next;
138. if(temp == NULL)
139. {
140. printf("\ncan't insert\n");
141. return;
142. }
143.
144. }
145. ptr ->next = temp ->next;
146. temp ->next = ptr;
147. printf("\nNode inserted");
148. }
149. }
150. void begin_delete()
151. {
152. struct node *ptr;
153. if(head == NULL)
154. {
155. printf("\nList is empty\n");
156. }
157. else
158. {
159. ptr = head;
160. head = ptr->next;
161. free(ptr);
162. printf("\nNode deleted from the begining ...\n");
163. }
164. }
165. void last_delete()
166. {
167. struct node *ptr,*ptr1;
168. if(head == NULL)
169. {
170. printf("\nlist is empty");
171. }
172. else if(head -> next == NULL)
173. {
174. head = NULL;
175. free(head);
176. printf("\nOnly node of the list deleted ...\n");
177. }
178.
179. else
180. {
181. ptr = head;
182. while(ptr->next != NULL)
183. {
184. ptr1 = ptr;
185. ptr = ptr ->next;
186. }
187. ptr1->next = NULL;
188. free(ptr);
189. printf("\nDeleted Node from the last ...\n");
190. }
191. }
192. void random_delete()
193. {
194. struct node *ptr,*ptr1;
195. int loc,i;
196. printf("\n Enter the location of the node after which you want to per
form deletion \n");
197. scanf("%d",&loc);
198. ptr=head;
199. for(i=0;i<loc;i++)
200. {
201. ptr1 = ptr;
202. ptr = ptr->next;
203.
204. if(ptr == NULL)
205. {
206. printf("\nCan't delete");
207. return;
208. }
209. }
210. ptr1 ->next = ptr ->next;
211. free(ptr);
212. printf("\nDeleted node %d ",loc+1);
213. }
214. void search()
215. {
216. struct node *ptr;
217. int item,i=0,flag;
218. ptr = head;
219. if(ptr == NULL)
220. {
221. printf("\nEmpty List\n");
222. }
223. else
224. {
225. printf("\nEnter item which you want to search?\n");
226. scanf("%d",&item);
227. while (ptr!=NULL)
228. {
229. if(ptr->data == item)
230. {
231. printf("item found at location %d ",i+1);
232. flag=0;
233. }
234. else
235. {
236. flag=1;
237. }
238. i++;
239. ptr = ptr -> next;
240. }
241. if(flag==1)
242. {
243. printf("Item not found\n");
244. }
245. }
246.
247. }
248.
249. void display()
250. {
251. struct node *ptr;
252. ptr = head;
253. if(ptr == NULL)
254. {
255. printf("Nothing to print");
256. }
257. else
258. {
259. printf("\nprinting values . . . . .\n");
260. while (ptr!=NULL)
261. {
262. printf("\n%d",ptr->data);
263. ptr = ptr -> next;
264. }
265. }
266. }

Output:
********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete node after specified location
7.Search for an element
8.Show
9.Exit
Enter your choice?
1

Enter value
1

Node inserted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete node after specified location
7.Search for an element
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

2

Enter value?
2

Node inserted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete node after specified location
7.Search for an element
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

3

Enter element value1

Enter the location after which you want to insert 1

Node inserted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete node after specified location
7.Search for an element
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

8

printing values . . . . .

1
2
1

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete node after specified location
7.Search for an element
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

2

Enter value?
123

Node inserted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete node after specified location
7.Search for an element
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

1

Enter value
1234

Node inserted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete node after specified location
7.Search for an element
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

4

Node deleted from the begining ...

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete node after specified location
7.Search for an element
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

5

Deleted Node from the last ...

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete node after specified location
7.Search for an element
8.Show
9.Exit
Enter your choice?
6

Enter the location of the node after which you want to perform
deletion
1

Deleted node 2

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete node after specified location
7.Search for an element
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

8

printing values . . . . .

1
1

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete node after specified location
7.Search for an element
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

7

Enter item which you want to search?

1
item found at location 1
item found at location 2

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete node after specified location
7.Search for an element
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

9

Menu Driven Program in C to implement all the operations of doubly linked list
1. #include<stdio.h>
2. #include<stdlib.h>
3. struct node
4. {
5. struct node *prev;
6. struct node *next;
7. int data;
8. };
9. struct node *head;
10. void insertion_beginning();
11. void insertion_last();
12. void insertion_specified();
13. void deletion_beginning();
14. void deletion_last();
15. void deletion_specified();
16. void display();
17. void search();
18. void main ()
19. {
20. int choice =0;
21. while(choice != 9)
22. {
23. printf("\n*********Main Menu*********\n");
24. printf("\nChoose one option from the following list ...\n");
25. printf("\n==================================
=============\n");
26. printf("\n1.Insert in begining\n2.Insert at last\n3.Insert at any ra
ndom location\n4.Delete from Beginning\n
27. 5.Delete from last\n6.Delete the node after the given data\n7.Se
arch\n8.Show\n9.Exit\n");
28. printf("\nEnter your choice?\n");
29. scanf("\n%d",&choice);
30. switch(choice)
31. {
32. case 1:
33. insertion_beginning();
34. break;
35. case 2:
36. insertion_last();
37. break;
38. case 3:
39. insertion_specified();
40. break;
41. case 4:
42. deletion_beginning();
43. break;
44. case 5:
45. deletion_last();
46. break;
47. case 6:
48. deletion_specified();
49. break;
50. case 7:
51. search();
52. break;
53. case 8:
54. display();
55. break;
56. case 9:
57. exit(0);
58. break;
59. default:
60. printf("Please enter valid choice..");
61. }
62. }
63. }
64. void insertion_beginning()
65. {
66. struct node *ptr;
67. int item;
68. ptr = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
69. if(ptr == NULL)
70. {
71. printf("\nOVERFLOW");
72. }
73. else
74. {
75. printf("\nEnter Item value");
76. scanf("%d",&item);
77.
78. if(head==NULL)
79. {
80. ptr->next = NULL;
81. ptr->prev=NULL;
82. ptr->data=item;
83. head=ptr;
84. }
85. else
86. {
87. ptr->data=item;
88. ptr->prev=NULL;
89. ptr->next = head;
90. head->prev=ptr;
91. head=ptr;
92. }
93. printf("\nNode inserted\n");
94. }
95.
96. }
97. void insertion_last()
98. {
99. struct node *ptr,*temp;
100. int item;
101. ptr = (struct node *) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
102. if(ptr == NULL)
103. {
104. printf("\nOVERFLOW");
105. }
106. else
107. {
108. printf("\nEnter value");
109. scanf("%d",&item);
110. ptr->data=item;
111. if(head == NULL)
112. {
113. ptr->next = NULL;
114. ptr->prev = NULL;
115. head = ptr;
116. }
117. else
118. {
119. temp = head;
120. while(temp->next!=NULL)
121. {
122. temp = temp->next;
123. }
124. temp->next = ptr;
125. ptr ->prev=temp;
126. ptr->next = NULL;
127. }
128.
129. }
130. printf("\nnode inserted\n");
131. }
132. void insertion_specified()
133. {
134. struct node *ptr,*temp;
135. int item,loc,i;
136. ptr = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
137. if(ptr == NULL)
138. {
139. printf("\n OVERFLOW");
140. }
141. else
142. {
143. temp=head;
144. printf("Enter the location");
145. scanf("%d",&loc);
146. for(i=0;i<loc;i++)
147. {
148. temp = temp->next;
149. if(temp == NULL)
150. {
151. printf("\n There are less than %d elements", loc);
152. return;
153. }
154. }
155. printf("Enter value");
156. scanf("%d",&item);
157. ptr->data = item;
158. ptr->next = temp->next;
159. ptr -> prev = temp;
160. temp->next = ptr;
161. temp->next->prev=ptr;
162. printf("\nnode inserted\n");
163. }
164. }
165. void deletion_beginning()
166. {
167. struct node *ptr;
168. if(head == NULL)
169. {
170. printf("\n UNDERFLOW");
171. }
172. else if(head->next == NULL)
173. {
174. head = NULL;
175. free(head);
176. printf("\nnode deleted\n");
177. }
178. else
179. {
180. ptr = head;
181. head = head -> next;
182. head -> prev = NULL;
183. free(ptr);
184. printf("\nnode deleted\n");
185. }
186.
187. }
188. void deletion_last()
189. {
190. struct node *ptr;
191. if(head == NULL)
192. {
193. printf("\n UNDERFLOW");
194. }
195. else if(head->next == NULL)
196. {
197. head = NULL;
198. free(head);
199. printf("\nnode deleted\n");
200. }
201. else
202. {
203. ptr = head;
204. if(ptr->next != NULL)
205. {
206. ptr = ptr -> next;
207. }
208. ptr -> prev -> next = NULL;
209. free(ptr);
210. printf("\nnode deleted\n");
211. }
212. }
213. void deletion_specified()
214. {
215. struct node *ptr, *temp;
216. int val;
217. printf("\n Enter the data after which the node is to be deleted : ");
218. scanf("%d", &val);
219. ptr = head;
220. while(ptr -> data != val)
221. ptr = ptr -> next;
222. if(ptr -> next == NULL)
223. {
224. printf("\nCan't delete\n");
225. }
226. else if(ptr -> next -> next == NULL)
227. {
228. ptr ->next = NULL;
229. }
230. else
231. {
232. temp = ptr -> next;
233. ptr -> next = temp -> next;
234. temp -> next -> prev = ptr;
235. free(temp);
236. printf("\nnode deleted\n");
237. }
238. }
239. void display()
240. {
241. struct node *ptr;
242. printf("\n printing values...\n");
243. ptr = head;
244. while(ptr != NULL)
245. {
246. printf("%d\n",ptr->data);
247. ptr=ptr->next;
248. }
249. }
250. void search()
251. {
252. struct node *ptr;
253. int item,i=0,flag;
254. ptr = head;
255. if(ptr == NULL)
256. {
257. printf("\nEmpty List\n");
258. }
259. else
260. {
261. printf("\nEnter item which you want to search?\n");
262. scanf("%d",&item);
263. while (ptr!=NULL)
264. {
265. if(ptr->data == item)
266. {
267. printf("\nitem found at location %d ",i+1);
268. flag=0;
269. break;
270. }
271. else
272. {
273. flag=1;
274. }
275. i++;
276. ptr = ptr -> next;
277. }
278. if(flag==1)
279. {
280. printf("\nItem not found\n");
281. }
282. }
283.
284. }
Output
*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

8

printing values...

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================
1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

1

Enter Item value12

Node inserted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

1

Enter Item value123

Node inserted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

1

Enter Item value1234

Node inserted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

8

printing values...
1234
123
12

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

2

Enter value89

node inserted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

3
Enter the location1
Enter value12345

node inserted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

8

printing values...
1234
123
12345
12
89

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

4

node deleted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

5

node deleted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

8

printing values...
123
12345

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

6

Enter the data after which the node is to be deleted : 123

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

8

printing values...
123

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit
Enter your choice?
7

Enter item which you want to search?

123

item found at location 1

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit

Enter your choice?

6

Enter the data after which the node is to be deleted : 123

Can't delete

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Insert at any random location
4.Delete from Beginning
5.Delete from last
6.Delete the node after the given data
7.Search
8.Show
9.Exit
Enter your choice?
9

Exited..

Menu-driven program in C implementing all operations on circular singly linked list

1. #include<stdio.h>
2. #include<stdlib.h>
3. struct node
4. {
5. int data;
6. struct node *next;
7. };
8. struct node *head;
9.
10. void beginsert ();
11. void lastinsert ();
12. void randominsert();
13. void begin_delete();
14. void last_delete();
15. void random_delete();
16. void display();
17. void search();
18. void main ()
19. {
20. int choice =0;
21. while(choice != 7)
22. {
23. printf("\n*********Main Menu*********\n");
24. printf("\nChoose one option from the following list ...\n");
25. printf("\n==================================
=============\n");
26. printf("\n1.Insert in begining\n2.Insert at last\n3.Delete from Be
ginning\n4.Delete from last\n5.Search for an element\n6.Show\n7.Exit\n");

27. printf("\nEnter your choice?\n");

28. scanf("\n%d",&choice);
29. switch(choice)
30. {
31. case 1:
32. beginsert();
33. break;
34. case 2:
35. lastinsert();
36. break;
37. case 3:
38. begin_delete();
39. break;
40. case 4:
41. last_delete();
42. break;
43. case 5:
44. search();
45. break;
46. case 6:
47. display();
48. break;
49. case 7:
50. exit(0);
51. break;
52. default:
53. printf("Please enter valid choice..");
54. }
55. }
56. }
57. void beginsert()
58. {
59. struct node *ptr,*temp;
60. int item;
61. ptr = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
62. if(ptr == NULL)
63. {
64. printf("\nOVERFLOW");
65. }
66. else
67. {
68. printf("\nEnter the node data?");
69. scanf("%d",&item);
70. ptr -> data = item;
71. if(head == NULL)
72. {
73. head = ptr;
74. ptr -> next = head;
75. }
76. else
77. {
78. temp = head;
79. while(temp->next != head)
80. temp = temp->next;
81. ptr->next = head;
82. temp -> next = ptr;
83. head = ptr;
84. }
85. printf("\nnode inserted\n");
86. }
87.
88. }
89. void lastinsert()
90. {
91. struct node *ptr,*temp;
92. int item;
93. ptr = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
94. if(ptr == NULL)
95. {
96. printf("\nOVERFLOW\n");
97. }
98. else
99. {
100. printf("\nEnter Data?");
101. scanf("%d",&item);
102. ptr->data = item;
103. if(head == NULL)
104. {
105. head = ptr;
106. ptr -> next = head;
107. }
108. else
109. {
110. temp = head;
111. while(temp -> next != head)
112. {
113. temp = temp -> next;
114. }
115. temp -> next = ptr;
116. ptr -> next = head;
117. }
118.
119. printf("\nnode inserted\n");
120. }
121.
122. }
123.
124. void begin_delete()
125. {
126. struct node *ptr;
127. if(head == NULL)
128. {
129. printf("\nUNDERFLOW");
130. }
131. else if(head->next == head)
132. {
133. head = NULL;
134. free(head);
135. printf("\nnode deleted\n");
136. }
137.
138. else
139. { ptr = head;
140. while(ptr -> next != head)
141. ptr = ptr -> next;
142. ptr->next = head->next;
143. free(head);
144. head = ptr->next;
145. printf("\nnode deleted\n");
146.
147. }
148. }
149. void last_delete()
150. {
151. struct node *ptr, *preptr;
152. if(head==NULL)
153. {
154. printf("\nUNDERFLOW");
155. }
156. else if (head ->next == head)
157. {
158. head = NULL;
159. free(head);
160. printf("\nnode deleted\n");
161.
162. }
163. else
164. {
165. ptr = head;
166. while(ptr ->next != head)
167. {
168. preptr=ptr;
169. ptr = ptr->next;
170. }
171. preptr->next = ptr -> next;
172. free(ptr);
173. printf("\nnode deleted\n");
174.
175. }
176. }
177.
178. void search()
179. {
180. struct node *ptr;
181. int item,i=0,flag=1;
182. ptr = head;
183. if(ptr == NULL)
184. {
185. printf("\nEmpty List\n");
186. }
187. else
188. {
189. printf("\nEnter item which you want to search?\n");
190. scanf("%d",&item);
191. if(head ->data == item)
192. {
193. printf("item found at location %d",i+1);
194. flag=0;
195. }
196. else
197. {
198. while (ptr->next != head)
199. {
200. if(ptr->data == item)
201. {
202. printf("item found at location %d ",i+1);
203. flag=0;
204. break;
205. }
206. else
207. {
208. flag=1;
209. }
210. i++;
211. ptr = ptr -> next;
212. }
213. }
214. if(flag != 0)
215. {
216. printf("Item not found\n");
217. }
218. }
219.
220. }
221.
222. void display()
223. {
224. struct node *ptr;
225. ptr=head;
226. if(head == NULL)
227. {
228. printf("\nnothing to print");
229. }
230. else
231. {
232. printf("\n printing values ... \n");
233.
234. while(ptr -> next != head)
235. {
236.
237. printf("%d\n", ptr -> data);
238. ptr = ptr -> next;
239. }
240. printf("%d\n", ptr -> data);
241. }
242.
243. }

Output:
*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Delete from Beginning
4.Delete from last
5.Search for an element
6.Show
7.Exit

Enter your choice?

1

Enter the node data?10

node inserted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Delete from Beginning
4.Delete from last
5.Search for an element
6.Show
7.Exit

Enter your choice?

2

Enter Data?20

node inserted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Delete from Beginning
4.Delete from last
5.Search for an element
6.Show
7.Exit

Enter your choice?

2

Enter Data?30

node inserted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Delete from Beginning
4.Delete from last
5.Search for an element
6.Show
7.Exit

Enter your choice?

3

node deleted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Delete from Beginning
4.Delete from last
5.Search for an element
6.Show
7.Exit

Enter your choice?

4

node deleted

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Delete from Beginning
4.Delete from last
5.Search for an element
6.Show
7.Exit

Enter your choice?

5
Enter item which you want to search?
20
item found at location 1
*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Delete from Beginning
4.Delete from last
5.Search for an element
6.Show
7.Exit

Enter your choice?

6

printing values ...

20

*********Main Menu*********

Choose one option from the following list ...

===============================================

1.Insert in begining
2.Insert at last
3.Delete from Beginning
4.Delete from last
5.Search for an element
6.Show
7.Exit

Enter your choice?

7

Implementation of Queue using Array:

#include <stdio.h>

#define MAX 50
void insert();
void delete();
void display();
int queue_array[MAX];
int rear = - 1;
int front = - 1;
main()
{
int choice;
while (1)
{
printf("1.Insert element to queue \n");
printf("2.Delete element from queue \n");
printf("3.Display all elements of queue \n");
printf("4.Quit \n");
printf("Enter your choice : ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice)
{
case 1:
insert();
break;
case 2:
delete();
break;
case 3:
display();
break;
case 4:
exit(1);
default:
printf("Wrong choice \n");
}
}
}

void insert()
{
int add_item;
if (rear == MAX - 1)
printf("Queue Overflow \n");
else
{
if (front == - 1)
/*If queue is initially empty */
front = 0;
printf("Inset the element in queue : ");
scanf("%d", &add_item);
rear = rear + 1;
queue_array[rear] = add_item;
}
}

void delete()
{
if (front == - 1 || front > rear)
{
printf("Queue Underflow \n");
return ;
}
else
{
printf("Element deleted from queue is : %d\n", queue_array[front]);
front = front + 1;
}
}

void display()
{
int i;
if (front == - 1)
printf("Queue is empty \n");
else
{
printf("Queue is : \n");
for (i = front; i <= rear; i++)
printf("%d ", queue_array[i]);
printf("\n");
}

Implementation of Queue using Linked List:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct Node
{
int data;
struct Node *next;
}*front = NULL,*rear = NULL;
void insert(int);
void delete();
void display();

void main()
{
int choice, value;
clrscr();
printf("\n:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::\n");
while(1){
printf("\n****** MENU ******\n");
printf("1. Insert\n2. Delete\n3. Display\n4. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice){
case 1: printf("Enter the value to be insert: ");
scanf("%d", &value);
insert(value);
break;
case 2: delete(); break;
case 3: display(); break;
case 4: exit(0);
default: printf("\nWrong selection!!! Please try again!!!\n");
}
}
}
void insert(int value)
{
struct Node *newNode;
newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
newNode->data = value;
newNode -> next = NULL;
if(front == NULL)
front = rear = newNode;
else{
rear -> next = newNode;
rear = newNode;
}
printf("\nInsertion is Success!!!\n");
}
void delete()
{
if(front == NULL)
printf("\nQueue is Empty!!!\n");
else{
struct Node *temp = front;
front = front -> next;
printf("\nDeleted element: %d\n", temp->data);
free(temp);
}
}
void display()
{
if(front == NULL)
printf("\nQueue is Empty!!!\n");
else{
struct Node *temp = front;
while(temp->next != NULL){
printf("%d--->",temp->data);
temp = temp -> next;
}
printf("%d--->NULL\n",temp->data);
}
}
// Implementation of Selection Sort
#include <stdio.h>
void selection_sort();
int a[30], n;
void main()
{ int i;
printf("\nEnter size of an array: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("\nEnter elements of an array:\n");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
scanf("%d", &a[i]);
selection_sort();
printf("\n\nAfter sorting:\n");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
printf("\n%d", a[i]);
getch();
}
void selection_sort()
{
int i, j, min, temp;
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
min = i;
for (j=i+1; j<n; j++)
{
if (a[j] < a[min])
min = j;
}
temp = a[i];
a[i] = a[min];
a[min] = temp;
}
}
// Implementation of Bubble Sort

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10],i,j,temp,n;
//clear();
printf("\n Enter the max no.of Elements to Sort: \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n Enter the Elements : \n");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
for(j=i+1; j<n; j++)
{
if(a[i]>a[j])
{
temp=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=temp;
}
}
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
printf("%d\t",a[i]);
}
getch();
}

Implementation of Insertion Sort

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, i, j, temp;
int arr[64];

printf("Enter number of elements\n");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter %d integers\n", n);

for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
for (i = 1 ; i <= n - 1; i++)
{
j = i;
while ( j > 0 && arr[j-1] > arr[j])
{
temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j-1];
arr[j-1] = temp;
j--;
}
}
printf("Sorted list in ascending order:\n");
for (i = 0; i <= n - 1; i++)
{
printf("%d\n", arr[i]);
}
return 0;
}