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Session#01: Topic: Operating System

The document provides an overview of operating systems, including their definition, types, major functions, user interfaces and examples. It defines an operating system as an interface between the computer and user that manages resources and coordinates activities. It describes multi-user vs. single-user operating systems and provides examples of each. The major functions of operating systems are outlined as resource management, data management, job management and standard communication between the user and computer. Different types of user interfaces like command line, menu-driven and graphical user interfaces are explained. Popular operating system examples like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Solaris and Android are listed.

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jatin kesnani
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59 views

Session#01: Topic: Operating System

The document provides an overview of operating systems, including their definition, types, major functions, user interfaces and examples. It defines an operating system as an interface between the computer and user that manages resources and coordinates activities. It describes multi-user vs. single-user operating systems and provides examples of each. The major functions of operating systems are outlined as resource management, data management, job management and standard communication between the user and computer. Different types of user interfaces like command line, menu-driven and graphical user interfaces are explained. Popular operating system examples like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Solaris and Android are listed.

Uploaded by

jatin kesnani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Session#01

TOPIC:
OPERATING SYSTEM
Operating Systems

1. Operating Systems
2. Types of Operating System
3. Major Functions
4. User Interface
5. Examples of Operating
System

2
Operating Systems

• The operating system is the most important


program that runs on a computer.
• Operating system is an interface between
computer and user.
• It is responsible for the management and
coordination of activities and the sharing of the
resources of the computer.

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Operating Systems

4
Operating Systems

5
Types of Operating System

Multi-user vs. Single user


 A multi-user operating system allows multiple
users to access a computer system
concurrently.
 Time-sharing system can be classified as multi-
user systems as they enable a multiple user
access to a computer through the sharing of
time.
 Single-user operating systems, as opposed to a
multi-user operating system, are usable by a
single user at a time.

6
Types of Operating System
Multi-user Example
• Ubuntu
• macOS
• All linux based OS
• Unix
• IBM AS400
• Windows 10

Single-user Example
• Windows 95
• MS-Dos
• Windows NT Workstation
• Windows 2000 professional

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Continue..

Major Functions of Operating System

• Resource management.
• Data management.
• Job management.
• Standard means of communication between
User and Computer.
Major Functions of Operating
System
Resource Management
• The resource management function of an OS allocates
computer resources such as CPU time, main memory,
secondary storage, and input and output devices for use.

Data Management
• The data management functions of an OS govern the input
and output of data and their location, storage, and retrieval.
• It also is responsible for storing and retrieving information on
disk drives and for the organization of that information on the
drive.
Continue..
Job Management

• The job management function of an OS


prepares, schedules, controls, and monitors jobs
submitted for execution to ensure the most
efficient processing.
• A job is a collection of one or more related
programs
and their data.
Continue..

Standard Means of Communication between User


and Computer

• The OS also establishes a standard means of


communication between users and their computer
systems.
• It does this by providing a user interface and a
standard set of commands that control the
hardware.
User Interface
• A program that controls a display for the user
(usually on a computer monitor) and that allows
the user to interact with the system.
• The user interface allows the user to communicate
with the operating system.

• The user interface provides means of:

• Input : Allowing the users to manipulate a


system.

• Output: allowing the system to indicate the


effects of the users' manipulation
Continue..

Types of User Interface

• Command line interface


• Menu Driven
• Graphical user interface
Types of User Interface

Command Line Interface (CLI)

• A command-line interface is a mechanism for


interacting with a computer OS or software by typing
commands to perform specific tasks.
• This method of instructing a computer to perform a
given task is referred to as "entering" a command.
• Accept input via keyboard only.
• Not suitable for beginners.
Continue..

Command Line Interface (CLI)

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Command Line Interface (CLI)
Example of commands

Command Description
DIR To display list of files or folder

COPY To copy file or folder


MD To make new folder
CLS To clear screen
Quit To quit
Continue..
Menu Driven

• With a menu driven interface the user interacts with


the computer by selecting options from a menu.
• A typical program will have many menus which the
user can access.
• Here is an example of one menu from a word
processing package :
Continue..
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Is a type of user interface which allows people to
interact with computer with images rather than
text commands.
• Accept input via keyboard and pointing devices.
• Easy to learn.
Continue..

Elements of Graphical User Interface

• Pointer
• Icons
• Desktop
• Windows
• Menus
Continue..

Pointer
• A symbol that appears on the
display screen and that you
move to select objects and
commands.
• Usually, the pointer appears
as a small angled arrow.
Continue..

Icons
• An icon is a small graphical
representation of a program or
file. When you double-click an
icon, the associated file or
program will be opened. For
example, if you were to double-
click My Computer icon, it
would open Windows Explorer
Continue..
Desktop
• The desktop is the primary user interface of a
computer.

• It includes the desktop background (or


wallpaper) and icons of files and folders you
may have saved to the desktop.

• In Windows, the desktop includes a task bar,


which is located at the bottom of the screen by
default.
Continue..
Desktop

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Continue..

Windows
• Used to divide the screen into different areas.
• In each window, you can run a different
program or display a different file.

23
Continue..
Windows

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Continue..

Menus
• Most graphical user interfaces let you execute commands
by selecting a choice from a menu.
• Two types of menu:
– Pull-down menu
– Pop-up menu

25
Continue..
Menus

26
Operating Systems
Examples of Operating System

• MS-DOS
• Windows
• Mac OS
• Linux
• Solaris
• Android
Continue..
Windows
• Produced by Microsoft, Inc.
• Using graphical user interface.
• Support multitasking and multiuser.
• First version: Windows1.0(1985)
• Latest version: Windows 10 (Present)
Windows

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