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Single Phase Transformer Construction and Working

A single phase transformer transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction without changing frequency. It works by inducing an electromotive force (EMF) in a secondary coil through a changing magnetic field produced in a primary coil. A transformer cannot step up or down direct current (DC) because DC does not produce a changing magnetic field, and would result in excessive current and overheating in the transformer coils.

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manthan Naik
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899 views

Single Phase Transformer Construction and Working

A single phase transformer transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction without changing frequency. It works by inducing an electromotive force (EMF) in a secondary coil through a changing magnetic field produced in a primary coil. A transformer cannot step up or down direct current (DC) because DC does not produce a changing magnetic field, and would result in excessive current and overheating in the transformer coils.

Uploaded by

manthan Naik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Single Phase Transformer

What is a transformer?
• Transformer is a static device that transfers
electrical energy from one electrical circuit to
another electric circuit through the medium of
magnetic field and without a change in
frequency.
• The working principle is based on
electromagnetic induction.
• Transformer works on the principle of mutual induction of
two coils or Faraday Law’s Of Electromagnetic induction.
When current in the primary coil is changed the flux linked
to the secondary coil also changes. Consequently an EMF is
induced in the secondary coil due to Faraday law’s of
electromagnetic induction.
• The transformer is based on two principles: first, that an
electric current can produce a magnetic field
(electromagnetism), and, second that a changing magnetic
field within a coil of wire induces a voltage across the ends
of the coil (electromagnetic induction). Changing the
current in the primary coil changes the magnetic flux that is
developed. The changing magnetic flux induces a voltage in
the secondary coil.
A simple transformer has a soft iron or silicon steel core
and windings placed on it(iron core). Both the core and
the windings are insulated from each other. The winding
connected to the main supply is called the primary and
the winding connected to the load circuit is called the
secondary.
Winding (coil) connected to higher voltage is known as
high voltage winding while the winding connected to low
voltage is known as low voltage winding. In case of a step
up transformer, the primary coil (winding) is the low
voltage winding, the number of turns of the windings of
the secondary is more than that of the primary. Vice
versa for step down transformer.
• Why Transformers Can’t step Up Or Step Down A DC
Voltage or Current?
• A transformer cannot step up or step down a DC voltage. It
is not recommendable to connect a DC supply to a
transformer because if a DC rated voltage is applied to the
coil (primary) of a transformer, the flux produced in the
transformer will not change in its magnitude but rather
remain the same and as a result EMF will not be induced in
the secondary coil except at the moment of switching on, So
the transformer may start to smock and burn because;
• In case of DC supply, Frequency is zero. When you apply
voltage across a pure inductive circuit, then according to
• X L= 2 π f L
• if we put frequency = 0, then the overall XL (inductive reactance)
would be zero as well.
• Now come to the current, I = V / R (and in case of inductive circuit,
I = V / XL) …. basic Ohm’s Law
• If we put Inductive reactance as 0, then the current would be
infinite (Short circuit)…
• So, If we apply DC voltage to a pure inductive circuit, The circuit
may start to smoke and burn.
• Thus transformers are not capable of stepping up or stepping
down a DC voltage. Also there will be no self induced EMF in such
cases in the primary coil which is only possible with a varying flux
linkage to oppose the applied voltage. The resistance of the
primary coil is low and as such a heavy current flowing through it
will result to the primary coil burning out due to excessive heat
produced by the current.

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