HUMAN

SETTLEMENT
CASE STUDY

PRESENTED BY P.J.SWATTHE ROSILY| ZAHRA

KHAN|APARNA|FAHEEMA| LEKSHANA
RADIO CENTRIC PLANNING
WHAT IS URBAN FORM RADIO CENTRIC PLANNING AND PRINCIPLES

Urban Form refers to- the physical Geographical possibilities of spreading in all
layout and - design of the city - to the directions.
spatial imprint of an urban transport Radiate outward from a common centre.
system- as well as the adjacent physical Inner Outer ring roads linked by radiating
infrastructures. Jointly, they confer a roads.

level of spatial arrangement to cities. Core has business area.

It is defined as the spatial pattern of Industrial area interspersed within the

residential.
human activities at a certain point in
Periphery has green belts.
time.
Example: Washington DC, Pre-industrial
Baghdad in Iraq, Moscow City
RADIAL PLANNING WITH ADVANTAGES AND
BLOCK PATTERN DISADVANTAGES OF RADIO
CENTRIC PLANNING
It is a combination of radial and block patterns. A direct line of travel for centrally
The entire area is divided into a radial network of directed flows.
roads radiating from the centre outwardly with a Economics of a single- centralised
block pattern network of roads in between the terminal or origin point.
radial main streets.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Central congestion

Local flow problems
Less risky (safer) Lack of safety features
Difficult building sites
compared to grid planning like rail transitions,
Reduced levels of crash attenuators.
congestion at bottleneck It is only effective
locations when 2 lane traffic
If one radial road is does not have to
blocked, another can be merge at the
used as an alternative downstream end.
RADIAL PLANNING WITH
CIRCULAR PATTERN

It is the pattern in which the main roads (radial roads)

radiate from the central point and are connected with
concentric roads (ring roads) that are also radiating
outwardly.
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
It is safe as compared to Providing a good curve
the above patterns during the implementation
because vehicles travel in of this pattern is quite
the same direction. challenging.
Roundabouts present in It affects the driving ability.
this pattern improves the Mainly, old drivers face this
efficiency of traffic flow. problem due to declines
This also reduces fuel (decrease) in vision, hearing,
consumption and and cognitive functions.
emissions of the vehicle
RADIAL PLANNING WITH GRID
PATTERN

This pattern is formed by the combination of Radial and Grid Pattern.

As in other, a radial network of road radiates from the centre outwardly.
Then, the main radial streets are interconnected by providing a grid
pattern.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

It increases the efficiency of Splitter islands should be

land usage and unit density. extended far enough.
It improves the traffic flow in High construction cost
both directions utilizing because of the need for
Savannah’s cellular structure. extra traffic signals, road
It provides high safety to marking and lighting.
vehicular traffic with a high
proportion of 3-way
intersections.
CASE STUDY
MOSCOW
Moscow, the world’s biggest
megapolis and the capital of
Russia. Located on its western
region – 400 miles southeast of
St. Petersburg.

The city has grown in rings from

ancient times to the modern era
right from concentric walls and
intersectional radial routes. This,
along with Moscow’s rivers
(Moskva) shaped the city’s radial
settlement in the following
centuries.
MOSKVA RIVER
CITY LAYOUT

·A map of Moscow presents a pattern of concentric rings with Kremlin

and Red Square at its center
·The Kitay-gorod with outwardly radiating spokes connects the rings
·The whole pattern is modified by the twisting, northwest–southeast-
trending Moscow River.
·Successive epochs of development are traced by the Boulevard Ring
and the Garden Ring (both following the line of former fortifications),
the Moscow Little Ring Railway (built in part along the line of the
former Kamer-Kollezhsky customs barrier), and the Moscow Ring Road.
·The city has an extensive transit network which includes 4 airports, 9
railway terminals, and one of the deepest underground metro systems.
·The first known plan was developed for Tsar Boris Godunov, its
foundations were used for later plans as the original did not survive.
·In 1739 a new plan was published by Ivan Michurin based on land
surveys.
CITY LAYOUT
THE KREMLIN OF MOSCOW

As throughout its history, the Kremlin remains the

heart of the city.
The Kremlin’s crenellated red brick walls and its 20
towers (19 with spires) were built at the end of the
15th century.
One of the most important towers, the Saviour Tower,
leading to Red Square, was built in 1491 by Pietro
Solario, who designed most of the main towers; its
belfry was added in 1624–25. The chimes of its clock
are broadcast by radio as a time signal to the whole
country.
On the Red Square front is the St. Nicholas Tower,
built originally in 1491 and rebuilt in 1806. The two
other principal gate towers—the Trinity Tower, with a
bridge and outer barbican (the Kutafya Tower), and
the Borovitskaya Tower—rise from the western wall.
THE KITAY-GOROD

The Kitay-gorod is a historic quarter of Moscow and

a major tourist site. Within the Kitay-gorod, along
the east wall of the Kremlin, lies Red Square, the
ceremonial centre of the capital and the scene of
holiday parades.
The Kremlin and Red Square areas were designated a
UNESCO World Heritage site.
Many old churches survive in the Kitay-gorod. The
commercial centre of Moscow, and its narrow,
crowded streets still contain former banks, the stock-
exchange building, and warehouses.
Many of the old buildings near the river.
THE INNER
CITY

I n n e r M o s c o
w f u n c t i o n s
like a typical central
business district. In this area are
concentrated most of the government offices
and administrative headquarters of state
bodies, most of the hotels and larger shops,
and the principal theatres, museums, and art
galleries.
The inner city’s function as a residential
area has not been completely lost, however;
although many large prerevolution and
Soviet-style apartment buildings were
transformed into offices in the 1990s, some
quiet residential neighbourhoods linger
within the Garden Ring, mostly consisting of
luxury apartments for Russia’s new elite.
·Most of the historic buildings of central
Moscow have been preserved
THE MIDDLE ZONE AND OUTER MOSCOW

THE MIDDLE ZONE

Beyond the Garden Ring and approximately as far as the Moscow Little Ring
Railway lies a zone mostly of late 18th- and 19th-century development. Within it are
many factories and the principal railway stations and freight yards.
The middle zone underwent the most urban renewal in Soviet times. Most of the
renewal that has taken place since 1960 consists of extensive neighborhoods of
wide streets lined with rows of apartment buildings. A number of areas still have
narrow streets of 19th-century housing and smaller factories.

OUTER MOSCOW
Beyond Moscow’s third ring are an industrial zone and extensive housing
construction sites. Streets are broad and tree-lined.

OUTLYING AREA
Remaining areas of open land and forest lie within the Ring Road, together with
the satellite industrial towns and prigorods (suburbs) that were incorporated into
the city in 1960.
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