Scribd
Upload
56 views3 pages

Insert Table Here Di Me Marunong Sory: Lab Exercise Outline

This document outlines the procedure for conducting a leveling survey including: 1. Required instruments such as a level, leveling rod, and hubs or pegs. 2. Steps to designate initial and final benchmark points, set up the level, and take backsight and foresight readings while moving between points. 3. Computations to determine height of instrument, point elevations, and check accuracy by comparing total backsight and foresight readings.

Uploaded by

CHRISTINE JOY AFRICA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
56 views3 pages

Insert Table Here Di Me Marunong Sory: Lab Exercise Outline

This document outlines the procedure for conducting a leveling survey including: 1. Required instruments such as a level, leveling rod, and hubs or pegs. 2. Steps to designate initial and final benchmark points, set up the level, and take backsight and foresight readings while moving between points. 3. Computations to determine height of instrument, point elevations, and check accuracy by comparing total backsight and foresight readings.

Uploaded by

CHRISTINE JOY AFRICA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

LAB EXERCISE OUTLINE

A. INSTRUMENTS & ACCESSORIES : Dumpy or Wye level, Leveling Rod, Hubs


or Pegs, Range Poles, Hammer or Mallet, and Chalk.
B. PROCEDURE:
1. Designate the initial or reference point of the level route as BM-1 and
the final or terminal point as BM-2.
2. Set up and level the instrument at a convenient location along the
general designated route between the two points.
3. Take and record a backsight on BM-1.
4. Direct the rodman to move forward along the level route (not
necessarily in a straight line between BM-1 and the next point) and
establish TP-1.
5. Take and record a foresight in TP-1.
6. Transfer and set up the level at another suitable location beyond TP-1
and take and record a backsight on TP-1.
7. Direct the rodman to move a convenient distance ahead of the
instrument and establish TP-2.
8. Take and record a foresight on TP-2
9. Repeat the procedure until a foresight is finally taken on BM-2
10.Refer to the accompanying sample tabulation for the recording of
observe field data.
INSERT TABLE HERE DI ME MARUNONG SORY
C. COMPUTATIONS
1. Computing height of instrument and Elevation.
In differential leveling, the following two equations are repeatedly used.
a) Hl = Elev + BS b) Elev = Hl – FS
Where:
Hl = height of instrument above a reference datum
BS = backsight reading on the rod ( or plus sights )
FS = foresight reading on the rod ( or minus sights )
Elev= elevation above a reference datum of a point sighted
2. Arithmetic Check.
To check the accuracy of the arithmetical computations, add all
backsights as well as all the foresights. The difference between these
two sums must be equal to the difference in elevation between the
initial and final points of the level line.

Fig. 4-5. Differential Leveling

D. REMARKS, HINTS & PRECAUTIONS :


1. To reduce to a negligible amount of effect of curvature and refraction,
keep the backsight distance approximately equal to its corresponding
foresight distance.
2. Limit foresight and backsight distances to a maximum of 90 meters since
most leveling rods cannot be read accurately beyond this distance.
3. Always keep the telescope bubble centered at instant of sighting. The
accuracy of leveling depends on the bubble being in this position during
each rod sighting.
4. Avoid reading too near the top or bottom of the rod. Select the table
locations for the instrument so that backsight and foresight rod readings
will fall between 0.50 and 1.50m marks of the leveling rod.
5. Avoid the use of long (extended) rod especially when it is windy and the
leveling rod is not provided with a rod support.
6. Since more time is spent at a set up of the instrument, cars must be
observed so as to prevent settlement of the instrument between
backsighting and foresighting periods. To guard against settlement of
the instrument, such as when working on soft grounds during rainy days,
the tripod legs must be driven firmly into good bearing soil.
7. Turning points should have a rounded or leveled top to give a definite
point of support for the bottom of the leveling rod. If a hub or peg is
used, avoid locating such points on soft and unstable grounds.
8. The rod should be held plumb and steady when a reading is made on it.
Preferably, use a rod level to assure that the rod will always be held
plumb and keep fingers off the face of the rod.
9. Use the proper tension on the levling screws. They should have bearing
on the tripod head without being too tight.
10. For precise surveys, rod readings may be made to the nearest
hundredth of a meter.
11. The number of instrument set-ups will depend largely on the
configuration of the terrain, length of the level circuit or route, and the
length of sight distances. It is best to select the shortest level route
possible to reduce the amount of error closure.

You might also like