Anouncement

• Next Monday: Exam 1 (closed book/notes,

• Check out www.ee.calpoly.edu/~jzhang/EE112/ for

• HW 2 early pick-up from drop-in box near my

• Extended office hour: this Friday 2-4 pm (20-307)

Outline
• Series and parallel connections
• Current sources in series
• Voltage sources in parallel
• Resistors in series
– Equivalent resistance
– Voltage-divider
• Resistors in parallel
– Equivalent resistance
– Current divider
• Y-∆ Transformations

1
Elements in Series and Parallel
• Two elements are in series if they exclusively share a
single node
• Two elements are in parallel if they are connected to
the same two nodes
a
i1 i2
1 2 + + +

v1 1 v2 2 v3 3
i4 i3
4 3 - - -
b
i1 = i2 = i3 = -i4 v1=v2=v3

Elements in Series and Parallel

1 4

2 3 6

2
Series Voltage Sources

v1

v2 v1+V2-V3

v3

Parallel Current Sources

i1 i2 i3 i1-i2-i3

3
• Parallel voltage sources?
• Series current sources?

Resistors in series and parallel

R1 G1 G2 G3

R1 R 1 +R 2 +R 3

R1 G 1 +G 2 +G 3

series resistances parallel conductances

4
Series Resistors and Voltage Division
R1 R2 R3 Req
ao i ao

+ v1 - + V2 - + V3 -
v v

b o
bo

R = R1+ R
eq 2 + R 3

v1 = R 1 v
R eq
v2 = R 2 v
R eq
v3 = R 3 v
R eq

Parallel Resistors and Current Division

+ i1 + i2 + i3

v V1
R1
V2
R2
V3
R3 v Req

b - - -
o
bo
1 = 1 + 1 + 1
R eq R1 R2 R3
G eq = G 1 + G 2 + G 3
i 1 = R eq i = G 1 i
R1 G eq
R eq
i2 = i = G 2 i
R2 G eq
R eq
i3 = i = G 3 i
R3 G eq

5
Examples
What current flows in the 3 Ω resistor?
7Ω

i i

10V 3Ω 10V 6Ω 3Ω

7Ω

i i

3A 3Ω 3A 6Ω 3Ω

Examples

Find i1, i2, and i3

1 kΩ

i1 i2
+

60 V 5 kΩ V0
2 kΩ 500 Ω
6x10-3V0
-
i3

6
∆ (Π) and Y (T) Interconnections
1 3 1 3
R1 R2
R1 R2
R3

R3

2 4 2 4

Y T
1 3 1 3
Rc Rc
Rb Ra Rb Ra

2 4 2 4
∆ Π

∆-Y Conversions
∆-to-Y conversion 1 3 Y-to-∆ conversion
R1 R2

R1 = RbRc Ra = R1R 2+ R 2 R 3+ R 3 R1
Ra+ Rb+ Rc R3
R1
R2 = RaRc Rb = R1R 2+ R 2 R 3+ R 3 R1
2 4

Ra+ Rb+ Rc Y R2
R3 = RaRb 1 3 Rc = R1R 2+ R 2 R 3+ R 3 R1
Ra+ Rb+ Rc Rc R3
Rb Ra

2 4
∆

7
Example
• Find I
I
5Ω
100 Ω 125 Ω

25 Ω

40 V

40 Ω 37.5 Ω