Simple Ata Manobo– English Dictionary

Compiled by:
Patricia M. Hartung
with
Selvino A. Bat-ao

As edited by:
Noemi L. Dumalaug

117
Preface

Ka soini no diksyunaryu, This dictionary was compiled

nohimu oyow magaan ogkabatu- as a quick reference dictionary
kan ka mgo lituk woy ko kalog- based on the most common Ata
saran to mgo kinagian no Mi- Manobo vocabulary. A great
nonubu no malasi ogkohinga- many of these words derive from,
ranan. Ka moon-ing to soini no but are not exhaustive of, the
mgo kinagian, nigligkat to tahan words or definitions in the origi-
no diksyunaryu no pighimu ni nal Ata Manobo dictionary
Virginia Morey Austin woy ka produced in the early 1960’s
duma rin no si Ursula Post to from text materials and other re-
kabinunsuran to tuid 1960. Waro search done by Virginia Morey
ilagkos ka tibo no mgo kinagian Austin and her colleague, Ursula
woy ka tibo no mgo mal-malayat Post.
no lituk no duon to sikan no tahan Many additional English
no diksyunaryu. words and phrases have been
Moon-ing dod ka mgo kina- included in this dictionary to help
gian to English no ingkalagkos to the student get a taste of the
soini no diksyunaryu oyow variety of meaning senses which
ogpakabatuk ka mgo istudianti ko are represented by even a single
songo monu koon-ing ka mgo Ata Manobo word.
lituk to agad sagboka rò no lalag
to Minonubu.
118
A alap-ap: white skin fungus
alas: venom (as of the bite of a snake
a: I; me
or centipede)
a: oh
alibood: squirm (as worms)
aanakan: uterus
alibu: ashes
aawooy: eraser
alibutod: edible white grub
abaka: abaca
alip-ip: shoulder blade
abod: impression; indentation; bruise
aliwas: male monkey
abolong: swallow
allow: sun; day
abolongan: esophagus
alongaping: fin by a fish's ear
abu: fireplace; stove
alow: shoo
abug: dust
aluan: mud fish
abungow: mold
alukuy: friend
akob: layer
alukuyon: discussion
akuwag: bark
alung: reflection; shadow;
arikampol: mothball
alunggun: couple
ariplanu: airplane
alunggunan: family
arol: rash
amag: glow; luminous
agad: even though
amagal: lizard, green
agad hontow: anyone
amana: enough
agad naan: even though
ambotut: jump up; leap
agad nokoy: anything
ambow: rodent; rat; mouse
agasan: hip; pelvic bone
amboy: daughter-in-law
agolayan: corn field
amo: father; daddy
agoloy: corn
amonggoy: daddy; father
agot-ot: clay; soil
amoy: father
agou: pine tree or spruce
amoy-amoy: stepfather; father of
agow: take away
adopted child
agpas: hurry
ampow: up; above; on
agpiring: safety pin
ampu: pray
agud: manipulation of unborn baby
amulatuk: woodpecker
ag-agan: sieve
amulung: comfort
alabat: wall
anak: offspring; son; daughter
alad: fence; wall of unroofed enclosure
anak-anak: stepchild; adopted child
alag: nut (chewed) with betelnut
anad: learn; teach
alam: choose; select
anamag: phosphorescence
alamara: warrior; armed band
andi: friend (address of lady to lady)
alambi: wire
andoy: sister-in-law (of a woman)
alang-alang: incomplete
andu: pestle

119
anit: taboo awos: need
anlod: sink ayad-ayad: be careful
anoy: termite; first; since ayam: pet (animal or bird); toy;
antow: float favorite; animal (domesticated)
antuliow: yellow; yellow green ayat: bait; motivate
an-anayan: first ayu-ayu: poor; destitute
angkoy: prop up ayun: parallel; accurate; appropriate;
angkuan: later (of same day) straight
anggaan: neglect ay-ayaman: to treasure
angol: crazy
angoy: fetch B
aporu: gallbladder
apongag: cheek baad: portion; part (equal)
apù: grandpa; grandma (term of ad- baba: carry (on back)
dress); grandmother; grandfather; ba-baaron: divide
grandchild babalakan: crossing; intersection;
apu to buol: great grandparent; great junction
aunt; great uncle; great grandchild babali: obey
apu to talinga: great great- babandil: duet (of two musical
grandparent, ; great great aunt ; great instruments)
great-uncle; great great-grandchild babuy: pig
apug: lime bak: as if
apul: argue bakaka: kingfisher
apulu: trap (monkey) bakal: breastbone
atigbun: ashes bakalag: playhouse; small single
asolom: tomorrow room house
asu: dog bakalawan: upper arm
asukal: sugar bakbak: edible frog
atang: block; obstruct bakit: castrate
asawa: spouse; husband; wife bako: chin; jaw
asin: salt bakolow: arm band used as a charm
atingig: ear wax bakosan: python
atoboy: sister(of a boy or man) bakotin: piglet
atoganan: constipated bakukang: cockroach; skin ulcer
atolug: egg bakus: embrace; encircle with arms
atop: roof badbaron: thread; raveling
atoy: liver baga: hot, red coals
aus: garlic baga-baga: wasp
awang-awang: empty bagbag: crack (as plastic or bamboo)

120
bagkos: tie together banos: scar
bagdak: stick for planting bansag-bansag: brag
bagnus: pull up; pull out a tooth; bansagon: yell; shout
uproot bantoy: familiar spirit; watch
bago: lung banug: eagle
bagting: ring (a bell) bangagon: beard on cheeks
bahag: loincloth; diaper bangan: flint stone
bailan: shaman; spirit medium bangbang: notch
balabag: shelf bangka: canoe
balabagan: north or south banggut: tie up in bundle
balagad: never mind bango: carry (in mouth)
balagaron: ignore bangow: rainbow
balagon: rattan basak: soil; mud
balansagan: red-headed woodpecker batasan: custom; conduct
balansi: loud clap of thunder batbat: tell news; relate an event;
balanghuy: cassava
report; explain
bali: finally; however; but
bato: child
balig: change into something else
bato-bato: younger
baligwoon: nauseated
batu: stone
balintuad: tumble over heels; fall head
batun: ascend
balintus: knot
bat-ow: light up room; illuminate
baliti: balete tree
baul: chest
balod: trap for rat or small animal
balos: do in return, as a favor; repay; bayaan: path
reciprocate bayo: go (by way of); pass by
baloy: house; building bayokbok: sand
baloy to talugabì: spider web biak: roundworms; intestinal worms
baloy to tamusan woy ko patiukan: bibi: clam
beehive bibig: lips
balu: widow; widower bidbid: twist one’s body; writhe
balukas: ransom; redeem bigtow: snap; break (as a string)
balun: waterhole; well bilas: discharge of eye
baluntu: rainbow bilog: eel
balus: whittle (as rattan) bilu: soot
balutu: canoe bilu: heron
baluy: mat material (type of grass); binaklid: language shorthand
change into something else; turn into binayu: pound with a pestle
121
binukul: bracelet bougan: stream; creek
bingas: harelip; split lip boung: cup; bowl; vessel (esp. coconut
bitbit: dangle; carry object as a bag or shell)
basket bouu: turtle
bitil: famine boyow: brother-in-law
bitoy: hang bua: maybe; perhaps
bitu: pit buabua: lullaby
bituka: intestines buaya: crocodile
bituon: star bubun: thigh
bo-bo: mouth bukad: blossom; bud
bokad: open bukaru: bit
bokal: expand; widen bukbuk: dust of termite
bokog: bone bukod: forehead
bogas: seed; fruit; rice bukotut: crawfish
bogoy: permit; allow buku: knot (of a thread, rope, wood,
bogsoy: paddle or bamboo)
bogyas: fish trap buku-buku: ankle
bog-ang: molar tooth bukus: to envelope; wrap
bohow: carried lunch burak: salt from ground
boi: woman; female; lady buri: eggs of fish, shrimp or crab;
boian: female animals caviar
bolad: arm; hand bugko: lanzones fruit
bolat: cover (as tablecloth or mat); bugsi: burst as an egg or boil
spread; open (as flower) bugtok: discharge of ear
boli: buy bugtul:lower abdomen; bridge
boluk: bend; bent of pelvic bone
boni: seed bulan: moon; month
bonok: goiter bulawan: gold
bonsag: palm wood bulbul: hair; fur; feathers
bontung: bamboo bulig: wild banana; help
bonut: fiber of palm or coconut tree bulilii: ant
bongkug: bent; curved bulit: wet lime
bongkug-bongkug: crooked bulu: bamboo
boot: will bulung: cure; remedy; medicine;
botak: half satisfy
botong: young coconut bulutut: boil (on body)
botoy: ridge (straight and/or level part bumba: bomb
of ridge) bunal: vine which grow on trees
bot-os: shortcut bunbun: cover; fill (as hole)
botu: explode; bang; snap bunnit: small fishhook

122
bunow: egg yolk kakiang: fear of heights
bunsilow: sty in eye kakoro: wrinkle
bunsud: begin; start kakoy: older sibling
buntatalo: morning star; planet Venus karagaanan: celebration
bunu: murder karago-dago: delighted; very happy
buo: cough karina: chain
buol: knee karoga: defeated; be overcome; sur-
busawon: demon possessed render; give up
busow: evil spirit; ghost kagat: bite
busug: bow kagi: word
busung: cursed kagis: scrape
bus-ug: dump kaglung: loose
butbut: holes; leak kagot: violin (esp. one-stringed
butig: wart Manobo variety, teeth)
butiti: pollywog kagow: chiggers; germs
butong: horse or dog fight kagu: shake; rattle
butud: blind kagusong: wrinkled
butu: scrotum kahapunan: benighted
buyag: old kai: here
buyokung: large garden snail kalab: fan (fire)
buyu: ask for; request; beg kalabow: carabao; buffalo
buyagan: adult kalabu: nail
kalabusu: jail
K kalakbangi: width
kalaglagan: things; belongings;
ka: the; a; an property; private parts of body
kaaras: frustrated, be kalamag: wind; air
kaagkapan: unsafe; insecure, feel kalan: cogon; grass used for roofing
kaaloy: distract kalaponit: small bat
kaba-kaba: butterfly; moth kalasag: wooden shield
kabigtowan: faint kalasanon: wild chicken
kabigtow ka goinawa: faint kalatkat: ladder; rung of ladder
kabil: knapsack (worn on back) kalawag: turmeric; yellow
kabinunsuran: beginning; reason for kalayati: length; height
kabobonod: numb kali: dig
kabog: fruit bat kalkal: scratch (as chickens, birds)
kabogati: weight kaliawa: hornbill
kabogbogan: power kalibutan: world; universe
kabus-ug: spill kalimmaan: fifty

123
kalisow: wild betelnut kanokal-nokal: heartily; vigorously
kalitan: youngest child kanta: our; ours; we
kalitukanan: meaning kanggo: pupa
kalo: frying pan kapayas: papaya
kalo-kalo: boil kapkap: kind of grass
kalu: hat kapipi: squash
kalubana: soursop kapituan: seventy
kalugu: large wart above skin kapogul: weary; unambitious
kalumanga: edible fern kaponongan: group
kalungon: egg shell; crab shell kapunganan: descendant
kalupas: mushroom kasakasa: small cicada
kalus: scratch with claws kasal: wedding; marriage
or fingernails kasampuluan: ten days
kalusisi: parrot; small love bird; kasasiaman: nine days
girlfriend; boyfriend kasiaman: ninety
kaluwal: uprooted kasiporan: shame; humiliation
kamansi: breadfruit katalantan: distracted
kamanga: stone (for sharpening); katalapan: err
whetstone katapid: well-behaved
kamatayan: bereaved katapusanan: end
kamatayon: death katkaton: pull out a string; unstring;
kambing: goat scatter
kamolung: beetle katig: outrigger
kamomou: wrist katilias: outhouse; comfort room;
kamot: cut field; field bathroom (American)
kamoy: preying mantis katobal: wash away; collapse
kamugo: pink eye; eye infection katod: grub; larva of black and red
kamunoy: owner beetle
kanak: me; to me; for me; mine katoluan: thirty
kanami: we; to us; for us katumbal: pepper (esp. red pepper)
kanat: stretch katuod: wound (by stepping, sitting or
kandan: they; to them; for them; falling on a stump or sharp object);
their; theirs to be pierced by stake or stump
kandiru: pot katuonan: secret remedy
kandin: he; she; to him/her; kawad: fish hook
for him/her kawaluan: eighty
kani: here kawanan: right; right hand
kaniu: you; your; to you; for you; kawayan: bamboo
(plural)

124
kawigi: wing (to joint) kog-os: squeeze with one's arms; hold
kayamotan: hornbill tightly
kayamoy: finger kohimalo: be disappointed,
kayu: wood; tree kohon-oman: sixty
ki: we kohop-atan: forty
kiambu: mosquito net kohunaan: front
kibol: cloud; rain clouds; thunderheads kohunus so goinawa: weak; de-
kikik: squeak (as rat) pressed
kignat: jerk kohibi: whine
kilat: lightning koilawan: forest
kilid: side koiling: as though; resemble; similar
kiliran: side koiniatan: desire
kiloy: eyebrow kolid: slip
kimpit: barrette, for hair kolilit: woodpecker
kimud: lastborn (as child) kolit: small green parrot; pick (for
kimut: heal (as sore) plucking instrument)
kinabo: shirt; blouse kolog: stiffen; harden; solidify
kinagian: speech; language komkom: hold in hand
kinow: we (inclusive of speaker and kommag: spear
hearers) komos: fingerprint; handprint;
kiskis: shave footprint; impression
kita: see; find kono: no; not
kitkit: hold hands; lead by holding kono ogkatibug: incomplete;
someone's hand unfinished
kitok: tickle kon-u: when
ko: if kon-ua: whenever
kobbiung: bamboo musical instrument koobuk (=an): obliterate
kobkob: chew with crunching sound; (as footprints)
chomp koomonu: how is/are...
koblit: pick (for plucking an koon: eat
instrument); pluck (as strings); tap (to koonon: food (esp. main staple as rice
get someone's attention) or sweet potato)
koddi: I; me koopos so goinawa: fed-up; disgusted
korid: pinworm koopuk: pant (from exertion); out of
kogang: infected sore breath
kogos: headband; headdress (scarf of a kootian: decrease (as water in river or
man) pot); dry up
kogsik: squirrel koopusan: end; extremity; extension
125
kopkop: embrace; hug kutu: head louse; head lice
kotkot: chew; gnaw (as rat) kuyab: fan
kotok: solidify (as grease or jello);
thicken (as rice gruel) D
kotul: lump; bump
kougsul: increase; go up; rise dakol: large; much; lot; abundant; big;
many
koug-ug: spill; drop
dakol-dakol: bigger; larger
koulug: fall
dakop: kidnap; arrest; capture
koumos: smother
daddakol: big
kout: manioc
dagat: sea; ocean
kouwangan: burned by steam dagkot: touching
kouyag: restore (to health, life); heal; daging: noise
to live dagongdong: fish fin
kouyagan: life dagso: simultaneously
kow: you dagum: needle
koy: we (not including hearers) dagusu: hurry; rush
koykow: to you; for you dalaga: maiden; unmarried lady;
ku: I; me; my virgin
kubing: Jew's harp dalama: cliff
kuddo: horse dalan: path; trail
kuron: clay cooking pot dalan, karalanan: means of doing
kurul: spine something
kuglung: two-stringed wooden dalap: dry by a fire; smallpox
instrument dalapak: approach; go to someone
kulaput: skin of beans or corn dalig: root
kuli-kuli: wag (as tail) daligdigon: traverse (as a mountain)
kulisap: tartar; film (on teeth) dalimasu: thrush (or similar mouth
infection)
kulung: enclose
dalogos: rash
kulungan: cage; pen for animal
dalow: moan
kumumbow: coconut beetle
dalu: sick; illness
kuna: you (singular)
damaan: fret of a musical instrument
kuntoon: today; now; recently damag: mourn
kusaput: membrane damaling: male deer
kusisang: bug, stink dampil: dry in sun
kutkut: scratch (as a chicken, dog); dampolak: large leech
dig (with claws or hands)
126
damuluan: bamboo dorongan: simultaneous
dan: they; them; theirs dong-dong: look fixedly
danato: large aquatic turtle dogkit: adjacent
danlak: silt dogil: oust; shoo; drive away
dangob: another dogos: itch
dangow: hand span doipag: across; opposite
dapayu: burrow (esp. eel) doisok: small
dapig: back away; move out of way dolog: go (somewhere)
dapit: location doloman: moonless
dasok: press down; push in; depress or
domhug: dew
push
dompo-dompo: short
datongan: destination
datonganan: frequented destination dongan: long ago
datu: rich; leader doot: insult
datul: bounce dopa: arm span
datun: dish up food dop-ug: wash face
dawa: millet doun: leaf
dawi: prey dowan: call by name
dayagang: physical strength doyow: careful
dayagangon: strong person dua: two
dayan-dayan: brag; boast duad: sell; payment
di: but; however dukap: knife with sharp, flat end
dian: there (near hearer) dukduk: hit with base of fist
dibabo: downriver dukilom: travel at night
diddid: peel sugarcane duruwoy-duwoy: polygamy
diraya: upriver dugi: thorn
dilo: tongue dugsu: stab
din: he; him; his; she; her; hers; it duhu: rise (as river or ocean tide); high
dini: here tide
dinog: hear dulas: slip
dinug: earthquake
dulian: durian fruit
dio: there
dulopu: cobra
dò: only; just
do ka: don't (singular) dulu: shed leaves or fur of animals
dokad di: however dulung: bow (forepart of boat); deliver
dokdok: pound with base of fist, ham- (to a destination)
mer, stick, small pestle dul-ug: slither
dokot: adhere; stick together duma: companion; accompany
do kow: don’t (plural) dungdung: flea; lean over

127
duon: there is/are; there (near) gibang: left; left hand
duoy: second or third wife gira: war
dusilom: night gilang: cut throat of animal
dusu: push gimbal: drum
dut: than; of gimuat: open (blind eyes)
dutun: over there (within sight) gimukud: soul
duyaruy: lizard with short spines gimun: smile
duyanan: h a m m o c k ginoboy: small basket
gisì: tear (as paper, cloth); rip
gitas: be cracked (as knife)
G
giugiu: excited
gaani: harvest goram: experience; feel
gaas: kerosene gogoinawa: breathe
gabas: saw goinawa: breath; be alive; desire
gabii: yesterday golgol: greedy
golong: wrinkle in skin
gabo: small cut; nick; scratch (as
gomawan: doorway
from twigs)
gonhow: physically cold
gakap: climb up river bank
good: wood; lumber; poles for
gakgak: sleeveless undershirt
framework of house
gakit: raft
gopak: break jaw
galang: sharp gopang: break glass or brittle object
galat: leave behind; leave gopas: ambush; lie in wait
in care of someone; care for gopu: break
gamut: poison gos-ow: rafters
ganat: band of metal or wire; spring gotgot: sawing motion
ganti: reciprocate (in work) goti-goti: gnat
gantung: wood raft gotok: belly; stomach; abdomen
ganna: earlier; while ago (same day) goun: leave water; climb up river bank
ganuy: haul; pull; drag; tow guak: dismantle; take apart
gapas: cotton; white camote gugupal (=on): cut up
gapon: chase gulabung: sunny; dry season
gapun: cloud gulamita: gun powder; dynamite;
gastu: bride price explosive
gatas: milk gulibid: twist
gatus: hundred guligow: stir
giba: hold; sit on lap guloy: cut up

128
gulub: permeating noise hawid: hold back; dissuade
guma: rubber hayoran: childbirth labor
gupit: scissors; cut with scissors hi=: allow; let; cause to happen
gusong: wrinkled hiab : blow off (as a roof); lift off by
gustu: want; like wind
gusuk: rib hibat: lie on back; lay something flat
gutas: hunger hikot: tie; tether
gutasan: hungry, hidhid: smear; spread
gutus: bloated higtok: tiny mosquito
higup: slurp; sip
H hii: look
hihiyupoy: tube for blowing fire
habol: weave
hab-un: mold hilabot: meddle; mess with
hakup: scoop with cupped hands hilam: mosquito
hari: younger brother; younger sister; hilig-ot: cram
sibling hilu: poison
harihari: younger hilut: noose
harok: kiss himata: wake up; awaken
hagam-hagam: selfish; greed himolayan: rest
hagoran: ladder (esp. notched pole); himolu: smash; crush
pole ladder himu: do; make
hagtong: stop; quit hinarang: warm oneself by fire
hag-os: decrease (in size, as one's hinang: ceremony (esp. to spirits)
body) hinigod: strain; bear down (to give
hahaud: nickname; friendship name birth, defecate)
halhalon: pant (as animal) hinogo: immediately
halin: exchange hinug: ripe
halisok: tuck in; to sandwich hinganga: open mouth
halop: blurry hinggat: invite; take; bring someone
hanhanon: greedy with
hantak: gamble (dice) hios: pack
hantal: roost; perch (for chickens) hirap: difficult; dangerous
hanggol: growl (as dog) hirogo: sleep
hapow: chicken louse/lice hiyup: blow with one's breath
hapuy: fire hogot: tighten; pull taut
hasaanan: grater hogotan: strengthen
haso: grate; shred holon: belt; sash

129
holos: hide igbogoy: gift
homayan: rice field igkabayo: experience
homoy: rice igkariu: distance
honat: lift igkalimma: fifth
honatan: set dishes on table igkapitu: seventh
hondà: How is it? igkasampulu: tenth
hondoi: where igkasiam: ninth
hontow: who igkasipod: shame
hon-om: six igkatatolu: third
igkohop-at: fourth
hutuk: repeat; again
igdapig: set aside
hongalos: pant
ighatod: delivery
hongkai: come
igi: girl (term of address)
hoo: yes igianan: potty
hop-at: four iglambog: fattening
houn: serve food; lift out iglukos: male companion
hoy-aman: yawn igmaganangon: guarantee; indicate;
hulid: lie side by side; sleep together signify
huling: work igparatong: reach
hun-a: first; go ahead of; go first; igpasabuk: set aside
precede igpohun-a: down payment
husoy: mediate; settle igsakug: bucket; pail
husud: pull igsayo: gift of appreciation
igtabak: response
I igtalipun: stewardship; care of
igtomog: kindling
i=: by; with;or with which; use for ig-amut: add
iam: new ig-anad: teaching
ian: that (one); that (which); reason ig-anag: add (as ingredient)
for...[is because] ig-indan: guarantee; promise
ian: indeed ig-ulit: quote; repeat
ias: maggots ig-untud: put on board
ibid: iguana; lizard (large) iigian: bladder
ibung: yaws iiroboy: pencil sharpener
iras: relationship (spouses of siblings) ikam: sleeping mat
iria: smart; clever ikug: tail
ikul: follow a trail, path, or scent;
irung: nose
retrace
igbalabag: horizontal; crosswise
ila: freckle; mole
igbayad: payment
130
ilab: small knife ituos: walk backwards; back up;
ilabu: kind of fish; minnow move backwards; retract (as rubber
ilis: side; edge band); reduce; decrease
ilok: armpit
ilu: orphan L
ilud: scoot
im-imuan: comfort; persuade laak: bamboo (thorny and small)
inagak: go ahead of laang: groin
inagakon: ahead, to put ahead; put laba: launder
someone ahead lablab: boar
inat: as though; as if; appear; seem labot: business; concern; dealings
inayon: aunt with
indos: feces; excrement; bowel labung: supper
movement lakbangan no bulan: full moon
indosanan: toilet lakilas: scratch by rubbing against
iniug: turn one’s back on something; rub against
ino: mother (term of address)
laku: weasel-like animal; fox-like
inonggoy: mama
animal
inotow-otow: idol; image
laras: travel (direction of current)
inoy: mother
inoy-inoy: step mother; mother (of lagkos: include; in addition to
adopted or step child or child of laging: logging
another wife) lagong: voice; sound
inso: question; investigate lagot: sap of tree; juice of fruit
inum: drink lagsik: splatter
inunan: placenta; afterbirth lagsoban: perceptive; knowing
iow: butcher; kill by slitting throat supernaturally
ipag: brother-in-law (of a woman); laguat: writhe; struggle to free
sister-in-law (of woman or man) oneself
ipos: cockroach lalad: join; connect
isa: one lalag: tell; speak
ispat: flashlight (America); torch lalanok: mud
(Canada, England) lalimma: five
ispiu: glass; mirror lama: yard
isu: graze lambag: meet while traveling
itik: goose
lamita: glass; bottle
itu: puppy
lamotik: ant
131
lampasu: scrub (as floor using lia-lia: cicada
coconut husk) liang: basket
lamping: blanket (baby) libod: wind; go around
lampos: hit liboran: spool; return
lampoy: travel up and over a summit libong: return
lanas: rebuild a house libu: thousand
landan: miscarry libuasan: outside
lanok: sand liku: return
lanog: flood lirong: winnowing tray; tray
lanow: lake ligad: pass up; after; past
lanut: abaca fiber ligal: refuse to give; deny; not obey
ligbos: edible mushroom
langkap: large basket
ligkat: from; come from; originate
langkob: lie on stomach
ligkatan: reason for; origin
langkotow: broad jump; leap across
ligdus: pointed
or over something
ligid: tire
langgion: edible grub of beetle
ligligon: conjunctivitis
langit: sky; heaven ligot: whip; beat (as an egg)
langlanguan: face ligpis: strip of wood or bamboo which
langosa: blood holds a wall; clamp; molding that
langot: tantrum; fit of anger holds walling in place; pinch
langow: housefly (between two objects
langoy: millipede ligtu: snap in two; crack (as plastic,
langub: dare; presume; courage bamboo)
lapinid: small wasp ligtulasan: side stream
laplap: skin; outer layer or bark of ligtung: shallow pool; puddle
tree; surface of water liliungan: ridgepole
lapoy: flood; deluge limang: other side
lasing: drunk limatok: leech
laslasakan: mud limbas: file
lati: secondary forest limmow: citrus fruit
latunan: perch for chicken or bird limukon: small dove; omen dove
lawa: body limusong: perspiration
lawo-lawo: spider web linabaan: laundry
layag: rays; light; bright; shine linas: bark of a tree
layun: always; continually linis: clean
liag: play linob: sunset
liagan: toy; game linoban: west

132
linow: deep pool M
lingkosu: leap
maagbot: forceful; hit hard; loud
lingi: turn one's head maagkap: lightweight
lingot: circle; encircle maagkap ka pogduma-ruma:
litos: right; correct; appropriate; harmonious relationships
enough maagul: hollow; empty
lituk: meaning; tune maalas: sting; hot (as of peppery foods)
lit-ag: noose trap maali-ali: industrious
liung: shaft of an arrow maama: brother (of girl or lady)
lobong: grave maawang: light; clear; open (roof, gate)
lobonganan: cemetery maawang ka goinawa: peaceful; clear
lodlod: corner conscience
logdog: flame mababow: shallow
logob: each mabalikid: backwards; inside out (as
logod: eat heartily clothing)
logoron: selfish mabantug: famous; powerful
logpad: punish mabasag: hard wood
loin: different mabogat: heavy
mabogbog: powerful; important
longhag: look up
mabonbon: healthy (as rice with lots of
longod: next to; near; beside; close to
grains); prolific (as many plants)
lopang: uproot
mabulut: fierce; brave; courageous
lopow: come inside mabunbunuoy: war; killing of one
losung: mortar for pounding grain another
lotib: fragment; piece makaamung: son-in-law
loug: errand; go for a purpose makamos: wet (to some degree); damp.
luak: wave makina: motor; generator; machine
luag: ladle; large wooden spoon makinilia: typewriter
luas: shed skin or shell makogal: hard
luat: wean; separate (as from parents, makol-kooy-uon: compassionate
or close friend) makopal: thick
lubid: rope; string makut: ant
lukos: male person; man; boy malan: thousand
lukosan: male animals marabu: firm; pleasing texture
lumansad: rooster; cock maraging: loud
luyung: root (forest trees) maralom: deep
marani: close; near; soon

133
marasig: many maligsom: dirty
mariu: far malig-ot: narrow; tight
marolag: sporadic; seldom; rarely malimorang: squeamish; ticklish
maroson: solid; durable malimu-mu: cuddly
maroyow: good; fine malinis: clean
marukilom: night; dark malit: spleen
magaan: fast; soon malogon: difficult; dangerous
magainallow: lukewarm water or malogos: rapids; swift
liquids malogot: true; correct
magalang: sharp malomu: safe; cheap; easy
magalat: spaced far apart; far apart; malopot: short
loosely woven malotoy: weak
magaliug: visitor malurok: slippery
magaso: skinny; emaciated; thin ma-maama: male cousin of girl or
Magboboot: God woman
magintalunan: wild animals mamakopal: thicker
mahagsil: cold mamaluag: wider
mahal: expensive mamamikot: gooey; sticky; malleable
mahapun: afternoon (as clay)
maholung: shady mamaputi : whiter
malabog: low pitch
mammara: dry
malakbang: filled out; wide
mammiloy: black poisonous snake
malad-ang: tasteless; flavorless
mamogkit: multicolored poisonous
malagandang: bumpy; rough surface
snake
malagat: wide-eyed
mamoon: betel nut
malagkit: sticky
malagting: high tone; high pitch man dò: again
malalab: red mana-naasoy: hissing sound; whispery
malambog: fat sound
malamiak: soggy; mushy; soft Manama: God
malamikot: sticky mananayan: dilly-dally
malanang: smooth; sleek mananoy: slow; take a long time
malasi: often; frequently mani: peanuts
maliag: playful manigoon: older person; leader; elder
malibuson: round; spherical; whole maningkalagan: signify; mean
piece manipis: thin; narrow; shallow
Malikanu: American mannalinga: mid-afternoon (about 3
maligdus: pointed pm); mid-morning (about 9 am)

134
manokal: strong; healthy; fine; alive mikot: sticky
mantika: shortening; cooking oil mi-mi: squash; crush
manuk: chicken mintod: doorsill
manukmanuk: bird minuna: ancestor
mangayow: raider miow: cat
mangkuan: later mohimulung: softly; lightly; gently;
manggad: material such as cloth; faint
clothing mohomol: soft
manggianak: mother of small child mohumol-humol : fragile; breakable;
mangilu: sour weak
mangulod: unripe; young (as of corn); moirob: large knife; bolo
immature wood moila: untamed; wild
maporos: astringent; biting flavor; moilag: transparent; see through;
show through
sting; smart (as alcohol on wound)
moilow: raw; uncooked; not ripe;
mapoit: bitter
green ; blue
maputi: white
moinit: hot
masakit: pain; hurt
moitom: dark color; black
masakit ka goinawa: upset;
monuon: how; what; process
emotionally hurt; sad; angry moobul: murky; grey
masagkop: short mool-olinoy: incest
masalig: mature moomis: sweet; delicious
masalukomit: quickly; rapid; swift moomul ka goinawa: fragile; unsta-
masanok: delicious ble; softhearted
masolom: morning moomut: fragrant; sweet-smelling
masongot: smelly; stink moon-ing: many; abundant
mata: eye mouri: last; latest
mata to poit: seed wart mougsob: wise
matallong: fast; rapid mougtu: middle of day or night;
matalò: talkative; noisy noon; mid-night (zenith of moon)
matamanan: achievement moutas: clear
matikang: high; out of reach mukmukuson: scrunched
mating-ow: clear; sediment-free mukulmukul: closed (as flower)
matolon: stay at home muru-muru: complain; mutter
matul-id: correct; accurate; straight mugong-mugong: mutter; complain;
maya: rice bird grumble
mayyaman: wealthy mumol: gums
mgo ngipon: teeth mundu: camote; sweet potato
mgo: and; approximately; about munduan: camote field

135
muog: mucus (from nose); discharge nangotul-kotul: bumpy
(of nose) nangotul-kotul no tano: hilly
muogon: runny nose napogkot: lame; crippled legs
musong: soot naponu: full, past of “fill”
napu: flat area; flat land; plains (napu
N no waro bubungan); valley (napu no
taliwaro to bubungan); plateau (napu
nahan: think mistakenly; suppose; no dio to ampow to bubungan)
assume.; regard napukan: fall over; break and topple
naan: really; so (as rotten tree)
naan dò: only thing left...; all that is napulu: section of field; leftover
left… section of field
naanad: accustomed
nasalangan: caught in act of doing
nabaliungan: backwards
something
nabingawan: toothless; missing teeth
nasalupung: cluster; have in common;
nabongol: deaf
oneness; included
nabutbutan: holey; leaky
nasì: anyway; in spite of; surprisingly
nakasiniku: bump elbow
nakatamuk: catch nasingsing: blunt
nakimoy: crippled hand nati: colt (of horse); calf (of cow or
naroog: defeated; lost carabao); kid (of goat)
nahantoy: full; satisfied natibaan: completely
nahibì: shrivel; wrinkle natobtob: chewed; worn down
nalabanan: very; many; exceedingly nawaro: lost; missing
nalagak: lost; missing ni: of; by (personal); by (agent)
nalimud no mgo otow: crowd nikaniu: you (of or by)
namatayan: bereaved nig=: past (of verb)
namolu: mushy; spoiled; rotten niggaat; niggaatan: leave in
namu: torch; smoker for smoking someone's care
bees or wasps niggoram: felt
nanaan: after all nighilamon: weed
nanam: flavor nigmamo, mamamo, manmamo:
nanano: ooze (pus) chew betelnut
nano: pus; discharge nignapu-napù: sloping
nanoy-nanoy: slowly nigpasalangan: time as an event to
nangka: jackfruit coincide with something else.
nangnangonon: message; story nigpatom-tomomuoy: come at each
nangondoi: which way other

136
nigsakoy: mount a horse; get on okayan: whooping cough
nigsilib: eavesdropped oddis: oops!; oh oh
nigtilala: met; knew orok: plant by dropping seeds to
nigtolom: discern ground; plant with a stick
nig-uunug: accord orol-orol: ambulatory
niug: coconut ogbadbad: unfurl; untie; translate;
no: of; which; who; that unravel
no: and; and so, and then ogbaghot; ogpangbaghot: empha-
nò: so; therefore size; encourage
nokani: past (time); before; long ago ogbalabag: contradict
nokogpikit-pikit: touching (as of ogbalabagan: block; hinder
teeth) ogbalbalikid: toss and turn; tumble
nokoy: what ogbalbalowan: repair; redo; change;
noomunu: what happened amend
noulug: fell ogbalikid: turn around; turn over
noupow: bald ogbalintus: knot (as thread)
nouyamu: adopted; cared for ogbaliungon: turn inside out
now: you; your ogbasa: read
noy: we; us; our (excl) ogbatukon: find; discover; locate
nu: you; your; yours ogbitin (=on): hang; suspend
ngadngad: scrape against as when ogboboot: decide
sharpening ogbogoy (=an): give
ngaran: name ogboot: determine; control
ngarog: smell; odor ogbudburan: sprinkle
ngalap: meat (including fish, shellfish, ogkaagod-od: submerge
crayfish) ogkaag-ag: sift
nganga: opening; doorway ogkaalapan: transmit
ngangang: scream; cry out ogkaalus: carry by current; swept
ngipon: tooth away by current
ngisak: grin ogkaantog: jostle; disturb
ngisi: laugh ogkabayaan: come across;
ngosngos: whine encounter
ngoyngoy: cicada ogkabaybayaran: suffer
O ogkabingow: lose tooth
ogkaboros: pregnant
obay: address to monkey ogkabolong-bolong: amazed;
obol: smoke astonished; surprised
obuk: extinguish; put out fire ogkaboloy: tired; out of breath;
okang: owl breathless
137
ogkabolu: angry; upset ogkanu-nu: lulled; sleep soundly
ogkabutbutan: have leaks ogkangisian: funny
ogkakamot: cut (field, grass); mow ogkapadpad: drop off (as petals,
ogkarago: happy; pleased; amused leaves); slap (as bottom of a basket)
ogkarusiloman : benighted ogkaparong: quit (as motor); go out
ogkagalat: left (as earthly (as fire, lights)
possessions) ogkapalisan: scraped skin
ogkagangu: dry out ogkapanoy, panayon: do ahead of
ogkagi: say time
ogkaglung: loosen ogkapawo: dawn
ogkagu-kagu: shake ogkapolaan: tired of doing something
ogkahalin: transmit ogkapolod: fall over; topple
ogkahallok: afraid; fear ogkapongaan: finish; after
ogkalagak: lose ogkapurut: receive; obtain
ogkaligiran: run over ogkapulù: isolated land
ogkaligot: go in circles; wander (as
ogkasagil: feel with tongue or fingers;
an eye); rotate; pivot
experience as illness
ogkaligot-ligot: spin; turn
ogkasaligan: trustworthy; reliable
ogkaligpisan: pinched
ogkasaligkat: trip over something
ogkaligsoman: contaminated
ogkasalusug: splinter that get in one's
ogkaligtu: crack (as plastic, bamboo)
skin
ogkalilid: roll
ogkasampot: lonely; to miss
ogkalimud: gather
ogkasasow: upset; worried
ogkalituk: clarify
ogkalitukan: tune instrument ogkasingsing: flatten
ogkamatoy: die ogkasipod: be ashamed; shy;
ogkaloko: come loose; come off embarrassed
ogkamataan: inattentive; uncon- ogkasugat: be affected,
cerned ogkatabolog: dizzy; lightheaded
ogkamol-mologan: see or hear ogkatalantan: occupied; distracted
clearly ogkatalap: confused
ogkamolu: break down; disintegrate; ogkatalogon: occupied
deteriorate ogkatampod: sever; interrupt
ogkamoy: beckon; gesture ogkatibug: complete; finish
ogkannugun: keep for oneself; ogkatibug-tibug: healthy; full term
cherish; protect and healthy (newborn baby)

138
ogkatilaam: spoiled; pampered, ogkotongon: pull out straight;
ogkatimpa: uneven; crooked straighten
ogkatolon: stay with something ogkotu-kotu, ogpangotukotu: beat
ogkatongos: be encased as one's heart; pulse; pulsate
ogkatooran: achieve ogkotul: raise as skin; protrude
ogkawoil: wiggle ogkoubatan: deceive
ogkilid: lay on one's side; turn onto ogkoubus: (=on): finish; consume;
side include all; completely; totally;
ogkilos: shrink; reduce in size use up
ogkobong: pinch ogkoulian: heal; get well; recover
ogkohokad: come apart; unraveled from illness
ogkohoy-u: be kind; show ogkoutol: catch; get; obtain
compassion, ogkuit: pick out
ogkoiaman: renew ogkuiton: poke
ogkoibog: hunger; thirst; desire for ogkuligpisan: squeeze; twist to
extract water
food or water; crave
ogkusuon: rub; massage
ogkoiling: resemble; similar
ogdaat: destroy; waste
ogkoiluan: lack; out of something
ogdaaton: ruin; destroy
ogkoima: envious; envy
ogdabok-dabok: stomp; gallop; trot
ogkoimaan: covet
ogdakolon: increase
ogkoinatan: want
ogdaldal: lean
ogkoinu-inu: surprised; astonished;
ogdani (=an): come near
amazed
ogdatong: arrive
ogkoitis: leak; spill ogdiguson: bathe
ogkolkol: shiver; tremble ogdiok: step on
ogkolong: turn one's head; twist; turn ogdokoton: catch on fire
ogkolongkolong: shake one's head ogdoromdom: remember; think
ogkonsong: shrink; retract; pull back about; consider
ogkoongkoran: left behind; discarded ogdogpak: throw
ogkoopos so goinawa: frustrated ogdolog: go someplace
ogkootawan: revive; resurrect; restore ogdomol: look down; gaze down
to life intently
ogkopis: shrivel ogdoog: defeat; win
ogkotong: straighten up ogduung (=an): dock

139
oggaponan: pursue oglangosa: bleed
oggatow: show above surface of oglapas: cross river or road
water; protrude oglatun: perch; roost
oggawayan: deceive; trick oglawang: travel to a river junction
oggoram: feel oglayap: carry by wind; blow away by
oggogoinawa: breathe wind
oggongon: grasp; hold oglibuas: go outside
oggutasan: hungry oglibulung: gather together
oghagsilan: miss someone; lonely ogligoton: rotate (intentionally); turn
oghagsilon: chills ogligpisan: fasten (by clamping); press
oghalin: move; change; transfer (between objects); pinch (between two
objects); to clamp
oghatod: escort
oglimasan: remove water from pool or
oghawi;: retrieve; recover something;
boat
take back
oglimusongan: perspire
oghikotan: entangle; tie
oglobong: bury
oghirosonan: lock up; secure; tighten
oglokò (=on): come off; pull off;
oghillop: retract; pull back and inside separate (as pages)
oghimoloy: rest oglokoan: release; let go
oghinallokon: scare; frighten oglogdog: flare up; blaze
oghipanow: walk; go; travel oglondig; pangalondig: travel across
oghiponu: fill mountain slope
oghoas: vacation; break; change oglop-ang: skip; step over; disobey;
routine or location overstep; transgress; trespass; disobey
oghokaron: untie; unravel; take apart oglukoon: peel off
ogholongan: take shelter ogluras: slip
oghoo: agree; assent oglurus: slide
oghuan: to be nice; speak nicely ogmaagul: spacious
oghu-huan: butter up (idiom); ogmaan-maan: find out; know
manipulate ogmaawang: clean (as conscience);
oglabow: exceed; excel; disobey; uncluttered
overstep ogmaawang to goinawa [ta] to songo
oglaglag: carry objects in arms otow: forgive
oglalad, ogpanlalad: bring together ogmabak-bakusoy: wrestle
oglanasan: rebuild ogmagaliug: visit
oglanta: heat ogmagu: play (as animal)
oglango: depressed; sad ogmalayag: bright; shine

140
ogmalogot (=ig): guarantee; verify; ogpaddingil: cock one’s head
certify; prove ogparagas: go directly to
ogmandarampil: dry oneself in the ogparagas(=on): continue
sun ogparologon: destination; place to go
ogmalomu: easy to
ogmasab-sabutoy: covenant
ogparoow-doow: float; surface of
ogmatapid: orderly
water
ogmatikangon: raise; elevate; make
ogpagindalanan: follow as path
higher
ogmatotod: spin as top; whirl ogpalaguy: run; run away; flee
ogmolmologan: examine; look ogpalibut: go in circles; circle; go
closely around; rotate; turn
ognaasnaas: whisper ogpali, ogpakapali: injure
ognangon: report; tell; say; speak ogpalpakpak: flap
ognoom-noom: taste ogpalpal (=on): hammer; pound nail;
ogngangalap: go fishing; catch fish drive a nail
or edible water creatures ogpamalusigsig: spark as sparkler
ogngilam: alert; on guard; vigilant ogpamidbiron: twist one’s body
ogngiponan: teethe ogpamilik-pilik: shake one’s hand
ogpaagad-agad: obey; agree; submit ogpamminog: listen; obey
ogpakaatu: react against ogpamurut: pick up; pilfer; steal
ogpakabalabag: conflict
ogpamulug-pulug: shake water from
ogpakabatuk: found; discover; locate
body
ogpakarogpak: trip and fall; fall for-
ogpamunnit: fish with fishhook
ward
ogpakalibut: encircle ogpanakow: steal
ogpakalogon: manage; carry ogpandayagang: strain; exert effort
ogpakasabut: understand ogpandomol-domol: look around
ogpakasalo: offend; to do something ogpandutdut (=on): pluck out; pull
wrong out hairs, feathers, weeds
ogpakasipo: stub one’s toe ogpanhilabot: violate sexually
ogpakasugat no kagi: make a point ogpaninga: pick teeth
ogpakatabod: entangle ogpanlakbo: hives
ogpakoona: feed ogpanlopow: rash
ogpakpak: clap ogpantow: look out at something; look
ogpakpakan: winged; sprout feathers down or across

141
ogpanumbaloy: visit ogpoinghingutuoy: to pick lice out of
ogpanungayow: curse each other's hair
ogpan-agbas-agbas: penetrate to ogpoiom-iom: smile
other side; pass through forest or ogpoloran: knock down; push over.
village ogpoog-ogotoy: fight
ogpangasawa: marry ogpoomot: work hard; diligent
ogpanginsoon: investigate ogpo-po: chew; masticate
ogpangotu-kotù: throbbing pain ogpopolod: fell tree
ogpangulibot: vow; swear ogpoponod: restrain oneself; endure;
steel oneself against pain
ogpasab-sabutoy: make an agree-
ogpudpud: shed; fall out (fur, feathers);
ment
disintegrate
ogpaspasan: rush
ogpurut: take
ogpatangkap: propagate
ogpulu: section off
ogpatokaran: test
ogpupu: snap off; pick fruit
ogpatokawan: take by surprise ogsolod: move in; reside; duration; pe-
ogpatokod: indicate riod time
ogpatokod: imply ogsolug-solug: mix
ogpatuon: refer to ogsondit: confront; regret
ogpilak: spear; thrust through with a ogsonob: swim underwater; submerge
spear ogsosoip-soip: take turns
ogpindit (=on): pinch ogsosongol: fill
ogping-pingawon: lonely ogsosoping-soping: give multiple birth
ogpipion: flatten ogsuak: boil over
ogpokogsoob: match; mutual ogsuan: move with a lever
ogpokogsubak: send back (in re- ogsubiron: dampen; wet
turn); reply; refund; ogsuli: reciprocate; revenge; repay
response; repay ogsuloysuloy: digress
ogpokogtibug: abundant ogsulung: attack
ogpokog-ampow-ampow: stacked ogsumansuman: ponder; think about;
ogpokoopus: extend consider; wonder; mull over
ogpokouma: arrive; come ogsundul: follow
ogsuntuk: box; sock
ogpogkot: fasten (as buttons)
ogsusulow: look down at someone
ogpog-ampow-ampawon: stack
covertly, so as not to be seen

142
ogtakang: step when walking ogtoob: darken
ogtaguan: container ogtoom: expect; anticipate
ogtalapon: confuse ogtotod ka langosa: bleed; hemorrhage
ogtalipun: care for; keep ogtotorung: cover
ogtalo-talo: trespass ogtotomog: kindle; build fire
ogtampod: cut off
ogtugbung: sprout feathers
ogtangko: face; confront
ogtulud: push; shove
ogtangkob: latch onto; clamp down on
ogtatamong: keep watch over; keep ogtuonan: point out
vigil ogtuu: believe
ogtibugan: mature; develop; live ogtuugon: roast (over or near fire);
ogtilala: meet; acquainted, become barbecue; broil; grill
ogtinagpo: pounce on; tackle ogtuyun: fast (refuse food due to being
ogtinawo: take (from withdrawn); withdrawal
someone's hands ogwaro-waro: deny
ogtinawo: receive; take ogwoigan: add water; to water
ogtindukon: touch og-abalang: pursue; go after
ogtingangag: run away with some-
og-abin: claim for oneself;
thing
ogtinuru: point acknowledge
ogtiom: close lips or mouth; unopened og-abinon: admit; confess
or closed flower; og-aras-aras: provoked; irritated; fuss
ogtitigus: witness; give testimony og-agapan: catch up and pass; overtake
ogtiukon: pierce; poke with pointed and pass
object og-agap: race
ogtokod: acknowledge; og-agbas (=on): pierce; go through
recognize og-agbotan: forcefully
ogtogkad: touch bottom of water; og-agud: manipulate (unborn child)
reach
og-alakansi: cheated
ogtolom: predict; perceive
og-alap: take with; carry; bring with;
ogtolon: stay
ogtomuon: come alongside propel
ogtomuon: join; come og-aligu: go around; detour
together og-alipongan: dizzy; vertigo
ogtoluk (=on): dry (near fire) og-al-al: hurt; throb
ogtongos: wrap; enfold og-al-alukuy: discuss
ogtong-ow: fish using light; illuminate og-amul (=an): suck fruit candy

143
og-amut: mix; join og-uras: apologize
og-am-ambotut: jump up and down og-uriponon: enslave
og-anak: to give birth og-ugpo: live; dwell; stay; reside
og-anlas: drift; flow og-ugsob: dive; swim deeply
og-angos: chew on underwater
og-atu: resist; fight back og-uli: go home; return home or to
og-awo: remove; leave starting place
og-ayaton: motivate; pacify; entice; og-ulingol: annoy; bother
lure; tempt og-ulug: drop
og-iroban: sharpen a point og-uma: come; reach; get to
og-iilob: cough up; vomit og-unugon: emulate; imitate; pattern
og-ilingan: copy; imitate olad: single item; piece
og-iling-ilingon: examine olat: space between two things
og-ilob: spit olatan: between; divider
og-il-il: chew off meat from a bone olin: all
og-il-ilon: strip meat from bone; olod: immerse
fillet olog: fit; size; enough; adequate;
og-iman-iman: expect possible
og-indanan: remember; keep in olon: set on eggs, as chicken or bird
mind; reserve; set date ol-olog; og-olog-olog: try
og-indos: defecate omaw: dumb; speechless; mute
og-init: heat ompu: edible frog
og-inlak-inlak: glisten; shiny omud: silent cicada
og-inso: ask; inquire om-om: suck on
og-in-insaan: interrogate on: now; already
og-ingol: cry for someone if left onow: arise; sit up; get up
behind onsig: move over a little
og-itis: pour ongkod: throw away; discard;
og-obuan: cut open; operate dispose of
og-ogot: scold; get after someone ongil: scales of fish, snakes
og-olod: soak ongod-ongod: estimate
og-ongkoran: leave; abandon ong-ongotan: joint
og-ooguk: rumble; growl (as one's opus-opus: line up
stomach) opuy: swellings (such as blind boils)
og-opuk: hold one's breath os-os: recede; ebb
og-opus; ogkoopus: finish; complete otap: winnow
og-os-os: decrease in intensity otapon: chaff

144
otiso: sneeze paginpulus: take advantage of
otow: human; person pagis: skin fungal infection
otut: expel gas pagtongaan: halfway; middle
otuwoy: for goodness sake! palaguyan: race track
oyow: in order that; so that palangkoban: lay something
facedown
P palaos: iguana lizard large, patterned
iguana)
pa=: let (someone do something); allow; palayud: release to pasture or to wild;
make happen to pasture
paa: foot; leg
pali: cut; injury
paabin: blame; attribute to someone
palia: bitter melon; bitter gourd
else; assume responsibility for
palis: abrade; abrasion
paagbasan: push through
paloy: unhusked rice
paan: bread
palu: heel
paawaa: oust
pamalayi: engagement feast
pakalangkob: fall face downward
pamalii: bad luck; taboo
pakang: attach; fasten as with nail,
pamaluag: sunset
thumbtack; stick on with nail
pamanayon: shoulder
pakataliwaro: between
pakow: stem; spine; vein of leaf pamangho: search
pakpak: wing; collar of shirt, dress pamislion: kidney
pad: just; next; for a while; yet pammokak: cluck
parakol-dakol: exalt oneself pamorion: divide
paras: tail of fish pamula: plant
parigus: bathe pamulingan: magic; change into
parigusanan: shower; bathing place something else; transform
parokotan: ignite a fire; light a lamp pamuod: chase and catch; hunt
parokoton: glue panabas: hair bangs
parong: extinguish a fire; panagmak: bite aggressively
turn off lights or a motor panag-uli: fetch food from far away
pagkol: stubborn panalapi: earn money
paga: platform for drying wood panalinga:listen; heed; obey
pagang: cock’s comb panalikud: jealousy esp. of spouses
palad: palm of hand pananap: crawl

145
pananglitan: example pangulu: chief; leader
pandalawit: wail for the dead pangusig: hate
paniuk: string beads pangutkut: scratch
pano: shoot with bow and arrow paparigusoy: bathing suit
panoik: climb up; go upstairs papitu: seven
panoug: climb down papula: lipstick
pansob: suspect pasamboy: loan
pantad: beach pasku: Christmas
pantat: catfish paspas: hurry
pantig: broken bone pasun-suntukoy: fight (with fists)
panuig: yearly planting patambal: treat (with medicine)
patingangag: elope; run away (with
pan-abin: choose; claim something
someone)
not one's own
patomu: meet; come together
pangabang: rescue; save; defend
patuk: duck
pangabangan: help someone in
payad: dried fish
difficulty
piak: chick; cheep
pangalimug: rinse mouth
piapis: tail (fish)
panganat: straighten one's back pigso: hatch; break open
panganoy: firstborn; oldest child pila: how many; how much
pangayang-kang: stand on end (as pilang: cave
hair or feathers) pilas: baby monkey
pangkul: side of hip bone pilik-pilik: shake water from hands
panghii: urinate piliti: fare
pangiak: screech; scream pilok-pilok: eyelashes
pangilis, ilisan: change pilpil: pat
pangilob: spit pindit: pick up with thumb and fore-
pangini-kini: sparkle finger; take a pinch of something
pangiram: pregnant (early stage) pinnuu: sit
pang-ngusoy: mediator pinnuuanan: chair; seat
pangongolat: raise eyebrows pinog-unawa: treat alike; to treat im-
pangotob: tattoo partially
panguras: take leave of pintik: slingshot; trigger
pangugling: advise; instruct; pinya: pineapple
teaching piong: close eyes
pangulinto: click tongue piot: a set of bow and arrow set

146
pi-pi: launder by pounding with board polo-polo: blink; flicker eyes or lights;
pipisangoy: slicer flutter eyes
pisang: slice pondakan: short-legged; dwarf
pispiru: matches point-ponit: skin infection; yaws
pispis: baby bird ponong: dam
pisu: peso poobos: humble oneself
pitas: tear off; separate poon: bait
pitow: look pootow-otow: vision; appear as a spirit
being
poka: back; behind
posuk: slip off
pokas: slip off
pos-ok: post for house or fence; plant;
pokogsangì: opposite sex; different set a post, stick or marker in ground
pokogtomu-tomu: come together potung: fall over dead
poku: bend pualas: secondary forest
pori: half; split pukow: awaken; wake someone
poro: tired of waiting pula: palm; edible fish palm
porom: should; would; would like to pulan: sleep deprived; tired from lack
do something; almost of sleep
pogkootow: life style; birth pulapula: rattan
poghimu: process pulas: open
pogo: squeeze with fingers or fist pulikay: ponytail
pogos: force; coerce pulid: lame; crippled
pogpitow: view; sight; looking; seeing pulondag: bamboo flute
pogsalugsug: stitch pulpul: cut off straight across
pogtongaan: boundary pulu: hair whorl; island
pogulon: lazy. pulus: value; fault
pulutan: basket for chicken; cage
pog-ow: hoarse
punas: wipe
pog-ugpo: living situation
puoton: stuffy nose
poholom-holom: cloudy; overcast
pusilon: shoot with a gun
poid: spread; smear pu-pu: tired of waiting or holding
poiran: smooth over something
poindan: sign; signify pusil: gun
poit: small fish pusina: kitchen
pola: tired of someone's conduct pusod: navel; umbilical cord; belly
polak: palate; uvula button
polis: slip off pusta: bet; gamble

147
pusu: ear of corn; banana blossom saguysuy: small flute
pusung: heart sala: filter
putow: iron; coin; metal salabo: catch
salagapun: white clouds; fog
S salangat: trap for fish
salimboy: electric eel
sa: shoo chickens salin: decrease; subtract
saa: tea saliow: brass bells
sahat: bracelet (vine) salipitsipit: scorpion
sabal: lay in state (as form of burial); saliu: exchange; change places;
burial (not in ground); entomb whirlpool
salo: offense; sin
sabi: address a person; call by name or
salopan: west
title; name
salugsug: splinter
sabinit: clothes
samba: flood over river banks
sabow: soup samboy: borrow
sabsabboka: alone; type of; one kind samili: criticize
of sampaang: carry on hip
sabuk: put sampot: loneliness
sabun: soap sampulu: ten
sabut, pogsabut: understanding; sandig: lean against something; rely
agreement on someone
sab-a: cooking banana sanggat: hook; catch on something;
sakayanan: vehicle snag
sakit: illness sanggatan: sugarcane
sakmag: bite aggressively sanggi: harvest corn
sakolow: grab sanggot: scythe-like weeding tool;
sakomit: grab curved tool for weeding; hoe-like
sakopu: hold; carry child in arms curved
sakoy: ride; vehicle sangguy: Jew’s harp
sakub: dip sanglit: parable; figurative speech
sakug: dip up sangloy: salt
sangoy: namesake; same name
sakup: follower; subject of someone
sapad: forbid; command
sadsarusilom: pre-dawn
sapatus: shoes
travel
sapiliu: plane for
sagad: trap; snare; ensnare; caught woodworking
sagdok: stop sapipi: carry under arm
sagpit: stop over sapon: overtake; catch up with

148
sapsap: cut parallel to surface; whittle sikuat: steal land
to smooth surface sira: shoo dog
sapsapon: wood chips sirula: residence or tax certificate
sapu: stroke sigay: fishing net
sapù: muscle; flesh sigkon: stop
sapul: give all siggagak: attack readiness (as crab)
saput: hot pad sigupan: cigarette
sa-sa: airport sig-ang: platform for pots; cooking
sasabukan: place tripod
sasakuboy: dipper; ladle sii: water snail
sasakugoy: dipper siin: galvanized iron; aluminum
sasang: barb of spear head roofing
sasiam: nine siit: call attention by saying "sst".
sasindog: stand silaan: east
saso: cane silab: burn trash or field
sawali: weave (bamboo)
silag: jealous
sawo: upset
silap: cut; shallow cut of skin
sawod: sow seed; cast seed
silib: sneak up on; lie in wait
sawog: fish
silok: choke
sayo: praise
sayop: error; mistake; miss; late silut: small, wooden spoon
sayow: dance simana: week; weekly
sayyal: skirt sinabong: room
si: personal topic particle sinarab: singe hair or feathers
siak: inlet ocean water; side stream of sinaligan: steward; representative;
river servant
siak: I; me sinimana: weekly
sikad: kick sinlak-sinlak: glisten; shine
sikan: that (near the hearer) (as water on leaves)
sikanak: I; me sinoropan: cavern; tunnel
sikandan: they sinogow: cry
sikandin: she (ko boi); he (ko lukos); sinulid: thread
him (ko lukos) sin-okon: hiccup
sikaniu: you singkat: kick
sikat: stumble over singgalung: mongoose
sikop: scoop up out of water with sipit: pinchers; tongs
hands sipo: kick
siku: elbow sipounon: to have a cold
sikuan: weaving tool sising: ring (for finger)

149
siuron: red-skinned sweet potato songsong: clog; plug; fill tooth
so: the; a songug: feelers; antennae
sobsob: spring songut: sniffle
sobu: boil soob: cover with lid; lid
sobu: temper steel soog: floor
sool: count
sob-ung: cap of a roof
sooyo: that (over there)
soki: extra finger or toe sopa: shoot; sucker
sokol: tight; crowded sopang: broken hip
soksokon: sniffle; sob sopi: hand of bananas;
soro: tobacco soping: twin
sogo: sting; itch from contact with sopion: sacroiliac; lower
poisonous plant or fish back
soi: this; here sopo: chew
soikan: that; there (near the hearer) sosokoroy: tape measure; measuring
soilang: peer; peek stick; thermometer
sosolobon: chest
soini: this; here
su: because
soip: replace; substitute; exchange suan: digging stick; lever
places subal: cross paths; opposite directions;
soipon: take over (as custody, contradictory
occupancy) subla: excessive; too much; extra;
solag: leak; seep leftover
solib: space under house or building; subo: travel upstream by boat or raft
lower level of house; ground floor; subong: handle
basement subuk: fish like small bullhead
sukat: horns; antlers
solod: inside; enter; go inside
suksuk: stick under or between; insert
solom: early morning
sugal: gamble
solsol: regret sugba: cook
sol-oy: strap sugbuk: put into
sonson: push together or aside suguanon: steward; servant
sonsonon: blame; push together sukmat: confront; inquire
songa: blow nose sulang: comb of chicken
songo: one (as one item of several); sulip: shingle
another; also; likewise sulod: relative; friend;
songo kuo: possibly cousin
sulu: finger nail; toe nail; hoof; claw
songol: earplug

150
sulud: comb for lice taku: sow
suluron: strain lice from hair takubung: marmot
sul-ug: transfer water; pour tadtad: cut into small pieces; chop
sumpalit: mock; tease; joke; jeer tarapal: tarp
sumpo: mustache; beard tarayya: fishing net
sumpul: extend; add onto tarias: hectare
sunù: next; following tarok: pole for a raft
sunud: next; following tagbanwa: host
the wind tagbu: meet from opposite direction
sunggud: feed animal
tagdoy: head or cluster of grain
supsup: suck from a straw
stems; cluster of grain stems
susu: breast; suckle; suck breast; nurse
tagtuun: owner
suwoy: go separate ways; stray
tagu: content
taguan: container
T
taguan, taguanan: container
ta: we; our talaayamon: pack rat
tahan: natural; old; always talabau: work; labor
taang: rust talad: distribute; share
tabak: answer; reply talaghusoy: mediator; lawyer;
tabakù: tobacco judge
tabang: fetch fallen fruit; pick up fruit talagsilib: spy
tabas: cut cloth, paper talagtamong: guardian
tabla: lumber; board talagtamong to guos: black and
tabo: fat yellow lizard
tabod: wind string talag-uyamu: midwife; guardian
sungalngal: travel against talangas: locust; grasshopper
tabubulog: carpenter bee talap: make a mistake
tabulug: shave one’s head
talatala: small with yellow throat
tabunan: mound of marmot
lizard; small with yellow throat
tabuu: gourd
iguana
takas: finish; after
talibongbong: gather around some-
takawon: thief
takorog: climb a mountain; to go thing; crowd around something
uphill; go uphill taligtig: tiny bird
takonlod: capsize; turn upside down talipag: cross, esp. river

151
talis: fail to keep a promise or tatayugo: swing
appointment taya: collect in container
taliwaro: middle; center tayaanan: container; receptacle
talogkos: hornbill tayurak: athlete’s foot
talogon: busy tiang: carry on or across one's
talosob: gossip shoulders
talugabi: spider
tiboon to darua: both; all of two
talumpung: top
tibo: all; every; everybody; everyone
talung: eggplant
tamak: stain tibogow: cane (by river); reeds
taman: limit; end; until tibolus: blossom; tassel; flower (rice or
tambabo: doubt corn)
tambal: medicine tibtiban: cut off tip or end
tambanusuk: striped eel tibuas: to become sober; clear up
tambiayung: watermelon weather
tambog: enough tibulus: completely; totally
tamiluk: bee’s wax tiklas: measles
tamoing: small honey bee tikoba: riverbank
tamong: watch over; care for tikog: vein of leaf; stem
tamundu: termite nest tikogow: collar bone; bone, collar;
tamusan: small, non-stinging honey clavical bone
bee tikos: band of leg or ankle; leg band
tandog: sorcery; witchcraft
tiktik: small house lizard,
tanangow: stink bug; rice bug; smelly
beetle tiku: bend; curve of river or road
tanlad: lemon grass tirigu: wheat
tano: earth; ground; world; land; tirò: sugarcane
property tigbal dò: about; approximately;
tanow: we all; our; all of us nearly; scarcely; barely; informally;
tangkaan: front casually; briefly; cursory; shallow
tangkap: spread tigbas: slash with large knife
tangkulu: headband; crown tiggulabung: dry season
tapian: arrow with barbs tiglalabung: suppertime
tapid: order; arrange; to be properly tigpok: stop; staunch (as bleeding)
positioned, tilaa: sugarcane
tapilak: centipede tilaam: tame
tapuk: call of omen bird or dove tilad: baby mouse
tapus: finish
timbabakal: thumb; big toe
tatolu: three

152
timbabow: middle finger torung: scarf; head covering
timpa: crooked; uneven torungan: cover head
timul: increase; add togkad: measure depth of water
timun: cucumber tohi: stitch; sew
tina: dye; stain wood toi: dung; defecate
tindaan: store toin: share
tindalikday: fourth finger; fourth toe tol-ab: burp
tindi: candy tol-ob: cover
tombilan: extend; add onto
tindiisok: little finger; little toe
tompug: chop off; lop; stubby-tailed;
tinirul: fork cut off
tinokak: tarsier tompug-tompug: cut into pieces (of
tinurù: index finger or toe equal length)
tinurù: pointer; arrow on paper tomu: come together
tinugpù: jump down tonob: honey
tingkik: strike a flint to make sparks tonga: half
tingkomod: startle tonggak: lift up; raise one's head
tingku: hit head with death blow; kill tongod: about; concerning
by hitting head; death blow to head tongtong: stare
tingoon: dirty teeth tongul: neck (at base and back of the
tipaka: unhusked rice head)
tong-ow: torch
tipu: cut off tips
tood: succeed; accomplish; achieve;
tipuan: tip (as of sweet potato or
achieve.
cassava); stem which attaches to a topak: insert parts that fit together
fruit toptop: cut off (straight across)
titibon: decaying teeth tugdaan: river junction
titingooy: toothpick tul-iron: to straighten
tiuk: fork tuma: body louse
tiusok: dive tunud: arrow
to: a, an; the; that; since; of tungkilit: shrew
toba: coconut wine tungow: red mites
tobal: collapse tungtung: firefly
tobtob: bite tuod: stump
tokow: surprise; startle; suddenly tupak: patch
tupakan: add onto
toktok: rap; tap
tupang: go downhill; travel
tod-om: ballad; song; chant; sing downhill; descend
ballad tusak: mash; pulverize

153
tu-tuu: real; true ulu: head
tuud: purpose; intention ulun: lay one's head on something
tuyuk: lead (as by a rope or leash) ulunan: pillow
ul-ul: chew bone; gnaw on bone
U umotung: obese.
umow: call
uak: crow umpak: traditional blouse
ubal: monkey umpung: cluster
uban: grey hair; white hair unduk: droop one's head; bend; bow;
ubat: lie bend over as grain
ubaton: liar
untud: ride; get on; put on
ubat-ubat: false; make-believe
unturanan: vehicle
ubud: palm heart
untung: life
ukalo: to crow,
uku: chicken pox unug: follow
udling: exhortation; advice un-unawa: alike; same
uran: rain ungod: constantly; always; frequently;
uranda: love song; lover sing love repeatedly
song upa: hen; female of chicken or bird
urasan: clock; watch usa: deer
uras: hour; time usaroy: swing
uripon: slave usi: friend (address of man to man)
uroik: travel or go upriver usigon: hate
uromo: future; eventually; long time usung: push; shove; press
from now us-us: slide down
urung: noodles utang: borrow (money); credit; debt
ugat: vein; artery; nerve; tendon utayuga: swing
ugis: albino utok: brain
ugaton: stringy vegetables; gristly utong: cut into; penetrate
(of meat) utu: Sonny
ugpaan: place; location; country;
utuk: carry on head
move into; live in
ug-ug: dump uud: tip of tree
ulaging: song in story style uus: suck
ula-ula: face uwang: steam; vapor; let out (as pus)
ulib: banana stalk uwangon: express
uling: charcoal uyag: alive; cure; revive
ulobang: shrimp uyamu: watch over; care for
ulod: snake uyang: brother-in-law of man
ulod-ulod: animals; insect; creatures uyun: agree
154
W Y
wà: not yabyab: break apart; take apart
warad: no more yatyat: distend; loosen
waro: none; not; no (with past verb); yogoy: ouch! (word expressing pain)
nothing yogyogan: cradle
waro goinawa: dislike (lit. not love) yugu: yoke
waro makasugat: missed the point
waling-waling: orchid
walis: broom; sweep
wangal: scandal
wangwang: lance; open a boil
wawalu: eight
wasoy: axe
waya: guard
woig: water; river; liquid; fluid
woil: move
wotik-wotik: mosquito larvae
woy: and; before
woy ko: or

155