PART-A

Q-1 A DC generator without commutator is a

a) AC generator

b) DC motor

c) DC generator

d) induction motor

2- The emf induced in the dc generator armature winding is

a) AC

b) DC

c) AC and DC

d) None of the above

3-Commutator in DC generator is used for

a) collecting of current

b) reduce losses

c) increase efficiency

d) convert AC armature current in to DC

4-Lap winding is prefered for which type of machines?

a) low current and low voltage

b) high current and high voltage

c) high current and low voltage

d) low current and high voltage

5.. In a lap wound dc generator, the equalizer rings are provided to

a) )neutralize the armature reaction effect.

b) avoid short-circuiting.

c) avoid unequal distribution of currents at brushes.

d) avoid harmonics generated in the emf.

e) provide mechanical balancing.

6. For a dc machine shunt resistance and armature resistance values are

a) high and high

b) high and low

c) low and low

d) low and high

7. In DC machine torque depends on which of the following?

a) flux (φ)

b) armature current (I)

c) both A and B

d) speed

8. The functions of inter poles are

a) nullify reactance voltage and improve the commutation.

b) reduce cross magnetization effect and improve commutation

c) both 1 and 2

d) none of the above

9.Which of the following generators are used in arc welding?

a) shunt generators

b) series generators

c) cumulative compound generators

d) differential compound generators

10.A shunt generator running at 1000 rpm, if flux is reduced by half, then what is the new speed?

1. 1000

2. 2000

3. 500

4. 0

11) If field current is decreased in shunt dc motor, the speed of the motor

a) remains same.

b) increases.

c) decreases.

d) none of the above.

12) What is the mechanical power developed by a DC series motor is maximum?

1. Back emf is equal to half the applied voltage.

2. Back emf is equal to applied voltage.

3. Back emf is equal to zero.

4. None of above.

13) In Ward-Leonard system, the lower limit of the speed imposed by

a) Field resistance.

b) Armature resistance.

c) Residual magnetism of the generator.

d) None of above.
14) Ward-Leonard control is basically a ___________ control method.

a) Field control.

b) Armature resistance control.

c) Armature voltage control.

d) Field diverter control.

15) For very sensitive and wide speed control, the preferable control method is

a) Armature control.

b) Ward-Leonard control.

c) Multiple voltage control.

d) Field control.

16) Commutator pitches of duplex and simplex lap windings are respectively

a) 4 and 2

b) 2 and 1

c) 4 ang 1

d) 2 and 2

17) In DC machine yoke offers

a) mechanical protection to the machine

b) flux path completion

c) produce working flux

d) both A and B

18) In a dc machine 72 number of coils are used. Find the number of commutator segments required?

a) 36
b) 37

c) 72

d) 74

19) which of the following type of brush and their application is/are correct

a) carbon brush → normal ratings

b) electro graphite → large ratings

c) copper graphite → low voltage high current density

d) all of the above

20) Which of the following windings are necessary in case of all dc machines?

a) closed winding

b) lap winding

c) wave winding

d) open type winding

21. the rotor of three phase induction motor run at synchronous speed, the value of slip will be

(a) 0.

(b) 0.1.

(c) 0.5.

(d) 1.

22.When the rotor of 3 phase induction motor is blocked, the value of slip will be

(a) zero.

(b) 0.1.

(c) 0.5.

(d) unity.
23. Three phase slip ring induction motor is also known as

(a) controlled motor.

(b) wound rotor motor.

(c) synchronous motor.

(d) series motor.

24. Which DC motor has similar characteristics as a three phase induction motor?

(a) DC shunt motor.

(b) DC series motor.

(c) DC cumulatively compound motor.

(d) DC differentially compound motor.

25. When rotor resistance of a three phase induction motor become equal to its rotor reactance, its starting
torque will be

(a) zero.

(b) maximum.

(c) unity.

(d) minimum.

26. Three phase alternators are generally

(a) star connected.

(b) delta connected.

(c) open circuited.

(d) short circuited.

27. In large alternators damper winding is used to improve

(a) speed.

(b) efficiency.

(c) stability.

(d) power factor.

28. In synchronous generator, the purpose of using damper winding is to

(a) reduce the hunting effect.

(b) reduce the armature reaction effect.

(c) provide starting torque.

(d) all of the above.

29. In alternators fractional pitch coil are used to reduce the effect of

(a) hunting.

(b) harmonics.

(c) armature reaction.

(d) power factor.

30.. If the driving force of two alternators operating in parallel is changed, this result change in

(a) generated voltage.

(b) frequency.

(c) back emf.

(d) reactive power.

31. If the excitation of two alternators operating in parallel is changed, this result change in

(a) generated voltage.

(b) frequency.

(c) back emf.

(d) reactive power.

32. Two alternator operating in parallel must have same

(a) voltage.

(b) frequency.

(c) phase sequence.

(d) all of the above.

33. The power factor of an alternator is controlled by its

(a) speed.

(b) load.

(c) excitation.

(d) prime mover.

34. In an alternator, potier triangle is used to determine

(a) power factor.

(b) synchronous impedance.

(c) rotor current.

(d) voltage regulation.0

35.Synchronous generator will develope maximum power when

(a) power angle is equal to internal angle.

(b) connected load is fully resistive.

(c) over excitated.

(d) no load is connected.

36) The speed of a DC generator is raised by 10% and the flux is reduced by 20%, the generator e.m.f. is

(i) reduced by 80 %

(ii) reduced by 88%

(iii) increased by 110%

(iv) increased by 133%

37) The frequency of the rotor induced emf of a 6-pole induction motor running from a 50 Hz supply
voltage is found to be 2 Hz. The speed of the motor in rpm is

(i) 960 rpm

(ii) 980 rpm

(iii) 1000 rpm

(iv) 1020 rpm

38) The line Current for DOL starting of an induction motor is 30 A. A star-delta starter would reduce the
current to

(i) 20.0 A

(ii) 17.32 A

(iii) 15.0 A

(iv) 10.0 A

39) Building up of emf in a dc Shunt generator does not occure if

(i) the generator is driven in the reverse direction

(ii) the residual magnetism is absent in the pole

(iii) the field resistance exceeds the critical value

(iv) all of the above

40) A synchronous generator is feeding power to an infinite bus at UPF. Its excitation is now decreased.
Now it will fed

(i) the same power but leading pf

(ii) the same power but lagging pf

(iii) more power at unity pf

(iv) less power at unity pf

41) Dc shunt motor is normally

(i) High speed motor at starting

(ii) Low speed Motor

(iii) Constant speed motor

(iv) None of the above

42) Cogging and Crawling are phenomenon associated with

(i) cage induction machines and they are essentially same

(ii) squirrel cage induction machines, the former during starting and the latter at a
fraction of its rated speed.

(iii) squirrel cage induction machines, the former at a fraction of its rated speed and later
during starting

(iv) wound rotor induction machines and they are reduced by skewing,chording and
distribution winding

43) Leading pf of the load for a alternator will have

(i) magnetization effect on the main field flux

(ii) No effect on the main field flux

(iii) Demagnetization effect on the main field flux

(iv) none of the above

44) If both the flux per pole and armature voltage of a shunt-wound Dc motor, are increased by 25% the
speed shall

(i) decrease by 25%

(ii) remain the same

(iii) increase by 25%

(iv) increase by 62. 5 %

45) Distributed winding and short chording employed in AC machines will result in

(i) Increase in emf and reduction in harmonics

(ii) Reduction in emf and increase in harmonics

(iii) Increase in both emf and harmonics

(iv) Reduction in both harmonics and emf

46) Damper winding is provided in a Polyphase synchronous motor in order to

(i) Dampen out the noise of the machine

(ii) Prevent Hunting

(iii) Provide starting torque

(iv) both (ii) and (iii)

47) The slip of the Induction motor at starting

(i) 1

(ii) 0

(iii) maximum

(iv) 0.04

48. The magnitude of the emf induced in the stator due to revolving flux will depend upon the
a) speed of the motor
b) dc excitation current
c) load on the motor
d) speed and rotor flux
ans. b

49. If the field of synchronous motor is under excited, the power factor will be
a)  more than unity
b) unity
c) lagging
d) leading
ans.  c

50. If one of the 3-phase of synchronous motor is short circuited, motor will
a) start
b) not start
c) over heated
d) fail to pull into synchronism
ans. b
PART –B

1 Write down the emf equation for d.c.generator.

2. Why the armature core in d.c machines is constructed with laminated steel sheets instead of solid steel
sheets?

3. Why commutator is employed in d.c.machines?

4.Distinguish between shunt and series field coil construction.

5.How does d.c. motor differ from d.c. generator in construction?

6.How will you change the direction of rotation of d.c.motor?

7. What is back emf in d.c. motor?

8. What is the function of no-voltage release coil in d.c. motor starter?

9. Enumerate the factors on which speed of a d.c.motor depends.

10. Under What circumstances does a dc shunt generator fails to generate?

11. Define critical field resistance of dc shunt generator.

12.Why starter is necessary for a dc motor?

13.What are the conditions to be fulfilled by for a dc shunt generator to build back emf?

14. Define armature reaction .

15. What are the different methods of speed control in dc motor?

16. When you will say the motor is running at base speed?

17. List out the different methods of speed control employed for dc series motors

18.What are the losses occurring in a dc machine?

19. What are the drawbacks of brake test on DC machines?.

20.What is a regenerative test?

21) Discuss types of 3-phase induction motor based on rotor construction and explain its working.
22) With reference to 3-phase Induction motor, attempt the following: (i) Define slip of an induction
motor. Explain its slip-torque characteristic.(ii) Briefly explain various methods of speed control of a 3-
phase induction motor.
23) Describe about crawling and cogging of an Induction Motor.
24) Differentiate between cage and slip ring induction motor. Explain how the torque is developed in a 3-
phase induction motor.
25) What is slip of a 3-phase induction motor? Discuss its slip-torque characteristics.
26) Why a 1-phase induction motor is not self-starting? Explain working of split phase type 1-phase
induction motor
27) Explain rotating magnetic field theory. Also explain how three phase induction motor starts.

28) Explain speed control of three phase induction motor

29) Compare star-delta starter with auto transformer starter for tree phase induction motor.

30) Explain why single phase induction motor is not self-started? Explain the starting methods for single
phase induction motor in brief.

31) Derive the condition for Maximum torque for induction motor and Explain Torque - Slip
characteristics.

32) Write different starters used for 3 phase induction motor and explain any one of them.

33) Explain the procedure to construct the circle diagram for induction motor & how various quantities
are measured from circle diagram.

34) Explain auto transformer and star-delta starter methods for starting of an Induction Motor.
35) State various advantages of stationary armature in an alternator. Also differentiate between salient
pole and non-salient pole synchronous machines.

36) Define regulation of an alternator (synchronous generator).

37) Discuss the conditions to be satisfied before a 3-phase alternator is synchronized with infinite bus.
38) Discuss power angle characteristic of an alternator. Also discuss its operation at constant load with
variable excitation.

39) Give Comparison between Synchronous and Induction Motors.

40) What is voltage regulation? How it can be determined by using Zero power factor method in
Synchronous machine

41) Define voltage regulation of an alternator & explain any one method to find the voltage regulation

42) Define salient pole and non-salient pole machines. Why is armature winding of a synchronous
machine stationary?
43) What is synchronisation of alternators? Which conditions must be satisfied for proper synchronisation
of 3-phase alternators?
44) What is Synchronizing of an alternator? Explain any one method for Synchronizing.

45) What do you mean of hunting in Synchronous Machine.

46) Derive equation of emf for an alternator Which conditions must be satisfied for parallel operation of
Alternators?

47) What is synchronous speed and how to determine the % slip of a motor?

48) Give short note on the features of a Synchronous motor?

49) Why ‘induction motors’ are so popular over all types of motors?

50) How do you size the capacitor rating required for an induction motor?

PART C

1.(a)Describe with sketches the construction of a DC machine.

(b)Derive the EMF equation of DC generator.

2.Draw and explain the no-load and load characteristics of DC shunt, series and compound generators.

3.Explain the effect of armature reaction in a DC shunt generator. How are its demagnetizing and cross-
magnetizing ampere turns calculated?

4.Explain the process of commutation in a DC machine.

5.With a aid of a circuit diagram, describe the procedure for paralleling two DC shunt generators and for
transferring the load from one machine to the other.

6.A 4-pole, 50 kW, 250 V, wave wound shunt generator has 400 armature conductors. Brushes are given
a lead of 4 commutator segments. Calculate the demagnetization ampere-turns per pole if shunt field
resistance is 50 ohm. Also calculate extra shunt field turns per pole to neutralize the demagnetization.

7.A 4-pole, lap connected DC machine has 540 armature conductors. If the flux per pole is .03 Wb and
runs at 1500 RPM, determine the emf generated. If this machine is driven as a shunt generator with same
field flux and speed, calculate the line current if the terminal voltage is 400V.Given the R SH=450Ώ and
RA=2 Ώ.

8.Two separately excited DC generators are connected in parallel and supply a load of 200A. The
machines have armature circuit resistances of 0.05 Ώ and 0.1 Ώ and induced emfs of 425V and 440V
respectively. Determine the terminal voltage, current and power output of each machine. The effect of
armature reaction is to be neglected.

9.(a) Explain the principle of operation of a DC motor. (b) A shunt machine , connected to a 200V mains
has an armature resistance of 0.15 Ώ and field resistance is 100 Ώ. Find the ratio of its speed as a
generator to its speed as a motor, line current in each case being 75 A.

10 (a) Draw and explain the mechanical characteristics of DC series and shunt motor.

(b) A 230V, DC shunt motor, takes an armature current at 3.33A at rated voltage and at a no load speed of
1000RPM. The resistances of the armature circuit and field circuit are 0.3 Ώ and 160 Ώ respectively. The
line current at full load and rated voltage is 40A. Calculate, at full load, the speed and the developed
torque in case the armature reaction weakens the no load flux by 4%.

11. (a)Describe the working of 3 point starter for DC shunt motor with neat diagram.

(b)Explain Ward-Leonard method of speed control in DC motors.

12.(a)Derive an expression for the torque developed in a DC machine.

(b)A 220V, Dc shunt motor with an armature resistance of 0.4 Ώ and a field resistance of 110 Ώ drives a
load , the torque of which remains constant. The motor draws from the supply, a line current of 32A when
the speed is 450 RPM. If the speed is to be raised to 700RPM, what change must be effected in the value
of the shunt field circuit resistance? Assume that the magnetization characteristics of the motor is a
straight line.

13.Explain the different methods used for the speed control of D.C. shunt motor.

14.With the help of neat circuit diagram, explain swinburne’s test and derive the relations for efficiency
(both for generator and motor)also state the merits and demerits of this method

15.(a)Explain in detail about circuit model of D.C. machine.

(b) A 440 V D.C shunt motor takes 4A at no load . its armature and field resistances are 0.4 ohms and 220
ohms respectively .estimate the kW output and efficiency when the motor takes 60A on full load.

16.(a) Derive an expression for the torque developed in the armature of a D.C. motor.

(b) Determine developed torque and shaft torque of 220V, 4 pole series motor with 800 conductors wave-
connected supplying a load of 8.2 kW by taking 45A from the mains. The flux per pole is 25m/Wb and its
armature circuit resistance is 0.6Ώ.

17.With the help of neat circuit diagram, explain Hopkinson’s test and derive the relations for efficiency
(both for generator and motor) also state the merits and demerits of this method.

18. (a) Explain in detail about different methods of excitation. (8) (b) Derive the expression for efficiency
of D.C. machines.
19. A 10 H.P.(7.46kw) motor when started at normal voltage with a star-delta switch in the star position is
found to take an initial current of 1.7x full load current and gave an initial starting torque of 35% of full
load torque. Explain what happens when the motor is started under the following conditions (a) an auto
transformer giving 60% if the normal and calculate in each case the value of starting current and torque in
terms of the corresponding quantities at full load.

20. The following test results refer to a 14.92 kW, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 400 V, 3-phase induction motor: Noload
test (Line values): 400 V, 11 A, p.f. = 0.2 Blocked rotor test (Line values): 100 V, 25 A, p.f. = 0.4 Draw
the circle diagram and determine the full load power factor, slip and efficiency. Rotor copper loss at
standstill is half the total copper loss

21. An 18.65 KW, 4 pole , 50 Hz, 3-phase induction motor has friction and windage losses of 2.5 percent
of the output. The full load slip is 4 %. Compute for full load (1) The rotor cu loss (2) The rotor input (3)
The shaft torque (4) The gross electromagnetic torque.

22. Two 3-phase alternators operate in parallel. The rating of one machine is 50 MW and that of the other
is 100 MW. Both alternators are fitted with governors having a droop of 4 %. How will the machines
share a common load of 100 MW?

23. A 3-phase star connected alternator supplies a load of 1000 kW at a power factor of 0.8 lagging with a
terminal voltage of 11 kV. Its armature resistance is 0.4 ohm per phase while synchronous reactance is 3
ohm per phase. Calculate the regulation at this load.

24. A 440 V D.C shunt motor takes 4A at no load and its armature and field resistances are 0.4
ohms and 220 ohms respectively .estimate the kW output and efficiency when the motor takes
60A on full load.

25. What are the effects of harmonics on motor operation and performance?

26. Explain regenerative braking. Why this type of braking can not be employed for DC series
motor?
27 Deduce the expression of maximum torque and its condition for a 3-phase induction motor?
28. A 3-phase , 50Hz, 4 pole star connected Induction motor with phase voltage 250V/phase is
running at 1425 r.p.m. The rotor impedance is (3 + j8) ohm and rotor stator turn ratio of 0.8.
Calculate rotor copper loss at given speed.
29. Explain the following terms associated with DC machine and their significance with suitable
graphical representation — a) Critical resistance, b) Critical speed?
30 (a) Explain the purpose of using starter in case of 3-phase induction motor.
(b) Explain the phenomenon of cogging in 3-phase induction motor.
31. a) Explain Armature reaction? Describe armature reaction with proper waveform for
three Different load condition for alternators.
b) What are the necessary conditions for paralleling the alternator?
c) How Synchronising current help to maintain the Synchronism of the alternators.
d) A 3-phase, 8-pole, 750 rpm star-connected alternator has 72 slots on the armature. Each slot
has 12 conductors and winding is chorded by 2 slots. Find the induced emf between line, given
flux per pole 0.06 wb. [6+3+3+3]
32. a) Describe the Power-Slip Characteristic for different region of three phase induction motor.
(b) In case of Three Phase Induction Motor why the starters are more useful for squirrel cage
compare to slip-ring.
c) Proof the maximum torque of Three Phase Induction Motor.is free from rotor resistance.
d) Draw the phasor Diagram of running condition of a Three Phase induction Motor.
33. a) “The Polarity of the interpoles in case of motor same as the main pole behind the direction
of rotation”-Explain this phenomenon.
b) Explain properly the external Characteristic of the Dc Shunt Generator.
c) What is Reluctance Power? Why it is taken as zero for cylindrical rotor.
d) A 440 V d.c. long shunt compound generator has an armature, series field and shunt filed
resistance of 0.5 Ω, 1.0 Ω and 200 Ω respectively. Calculate the generated voltage while
delivering 40 A current. [3+5+4+4]

34.a) Why the Synchronous motors are not self starting?

b) What is Hunting and what are effects of hunting..
c) How Hunting Can be minimised
d) Compare between Three phase Synchronous and Induction Motor.
e) Can a same Synchronous Machine use as a Synchronous Generator and Synchronous
motor- “Yes” or “no” and also explain your answer? [3+4+2+4+2]

35.a) State Two reaction Theory for alternator.

b) Develop the salient-pole synchronous machine two reaction model, with proper phasor
diagram and mathematical expression.
c) Derive the relation between full load and starting torque, in terms of full load and
maximum slip.
[3+7+3]

36. Write Short note: (any of the three) (3*5=15)

a) Crawling.
b) Three point Starter
c) Synchronous Motor V Curve.

d) Commutation Process of Dc Generator

e) Effect of Increasing the Excitation of one of the alternator in parallel operation

[5+3+3+4]
37. A 440 V, 50Hz, 6 pole 3-phase induction motor draws an input power of 76 kw form the
mains. The rotor emf makes 120 complete cycles per minute. Its stator losses are 1 kw and rotor
current per phase is 62 A. Calculate –(i) rotor copper loss per phase, (ii) rotor resistance per
phase, (iii) Torque Developed.
38. (a)Draw the equivalent circuit diagram of three phase induction motor(mention all the
parameters) ?
b) Mention the advantages of short pitching or chording for alternator ?
39. a) A 200 V dc series motor runs at 700 rpm when operating at its full-load current of 20 A.
The Motor resistance is 0.5 Ω and the magnetic circuit can be assumed unsaturated. What will be
the speed if (i) the load torque is increased by 44 percent, (ii) the motor current is 10 A.
(b) What do you mean by Ring-Fire Condition.
40. In a 1400 KVA, 6400 V, 50Hz, three-phase alternator, the effective armature resistance and
leakage reactance are 0.4 Ω and 6 Ω respectively, Calculate the voltage induced in the armature
when the alternator is delivering rated current at a load power factor of –(i) unity, (ii) 0.8
lagging, (iii) 0.8 leading.
41. What is Star-Delta Starter? Describe the theory of Star-Delta starting of a three Phase
Induction Motor.
42. a) Why the Cylindrical rotor is preferred over salient pole in case of Turbo Alternator?
b) How we can increase the speed from zero to rated value of the Three Phase Induction
Motor?
c)Dc Series Motor not to be started on No load”- Why?
43. Explain the procedure by which a point charge experiences a force when placed inside an
electrical flux field.
44. What is Distribution factor, Pitch factor? Explain the importance of these factors.
45. What is the necessity of commutation process in case of DC generator operation? Also
describe the process with appropriate diagram.
46. A 4-pole 350V DC long shunt compound generator supplies a load of 15KW at the rated
voltage. The armature, series field and shunt field resistances are 0.2Ω, 0.25Ω, and 300Ω
respectively. The armature is lap wound with 50 slots, each slot containing 6 conductors. If the
flux per pole is 50mWb, calculate the speed of the generator.
47. Explain the term “Back e.m.f.” and describe the concept of torque production in case of a DC
motor.
48. A 580V series motor runs at 550r.p.m. taking a current of 55A. Calculate the speed and
percentage change in torque if the load is reduced so that the motor is taking 40A. Total
resistance of the armature and field circuits is 0.8Ω. Assume flux and field current to be
proportional.
49..Explain the concept of slip power recovery in case of speed control of three phase induction
motor?
50. Prove that when 3-ɸ windings displaced in space by 120° are supplied by 3-ɸ currents
displaced in time by 120°, the resulting magnetic flux is rotating in nature.