Gujarat University

Choice Based Credit System

Revised Syllabus for Under Graduate (B. Sc.) Mathematics
Effective from June-2022
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (POs) FOR B. Sc. MATHEMATICS

Our programme will produce Graduates who will attain following PEOs after three years of
graduation

Core competency: will develop the competency to pursue higher education or

PEO1 : successful professional career with synergistic combination of the knowledge
and skills of mathematics and allied sciences.

Breadth of knowledge: will show capabilities of independently designing,

PEO2 : executing and interpreting mathematical problems by integrating the
interdisciplinary knowledge of Mathematics and other domains.

Preparedness: will reflect professional behaviour and have the potential to

PEO3 : show preparedness to take any task or assignment in the capacity of a leader
or team member in their chosen occupations or careers and communities.

Professionalism: will reflect values and responsibilities in the character to

PEO4 : make them fit to work in a multidisciplinary team and to become socio-
ethically responsible citizen.

Learning environment: will show attitude of self-learning abilities and keep

PEO5 :
themselves abreast with new development in all spheres of life.

2
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs) FOR B. Sc. MATHEMATICS

After completion of the programme the Graduate will be able to:

Domain knowledge: Demonstrate the knowledge of concepts, principles and
PO1 : applications of Mathematics in various fields.

Problem analysis: Acquire critical thinking skills to understand and solve

PO2 : contemporary problems with knowledge and skills.

Design/development of solutions: Make decisions to develop solutions to

PO3 : given situations/questions, formulate strategies to identify, define and solve
problems including, as necessary, global perspectives.

Conduct investigations of complex problems: Gain ability to design, conduct

PO4 : experiments, analyse and interpret data for investigating problems in
Mathematics and allied sectors

Modern tool usage: The ability to acquire, develop, employ and integrate a
range of technical, practical and professional skills, in appropriate and ethical
PO5 : ways within a professional context, autonomously and collaboratively and
across a range of disciplinary and professional areas.

The Mathematics Professional and society: An awareness of the role of science

within a global culture and willingness to contribute to the shaping of
PO6 : community views on complex issues where the methods and findings of science
are relevant.

Communication: Communicate effectively using different modes (viz. written,

PO7 : verbal and digital) not only with scientific community but also with the society
at large.

Life-long learning: Able to recognize the need to undertake life-long learning

PO8 : and acquire the capacity to do so.

3
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOME (PSOs) FOR B. Sc. MATHEMATICS

After completion of the programme the Graduate will:

PSO1 : Understand the advanced concepts of mathematics and demonstrate the

ability to apply the knowledge of mathematics at an advanced level.

PSO2 : Collect, organize and adapt contemporary knowledge effectively and utilize
appropriate computational tools independently and analyse and perform a
broad variety of mathematical experiments using mathematical software and
internet.

PSO3 : Develop and apply new theories of mathematics to solve a broad variety of
problems involving mathematics.

PSO4 : Apply critical thinking skills for the sustainable development and develop the
knowledge and skills to secure employment.

PSO5 : Exhibit the capacity to identify, formulate, and solve problems pertaining to
mathematics through research and critically evaluate the theoretical results
and recognize the need for, and an ability to engage in life−long learning.

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Design and Structure of B. Sc. Semester based Credit system to be implemented from June-2022

Sem Course No. of Hours per Week

Depart Course
este Other Practi
ment Name Lectures Total Credits
r s -cals
EC 101 Mathematics Basics and Quantitative Skills 3 - - 3 2

MAT101 Calculus – I 4 - - 4 4
1
MAT102 Calculus - I Practicals - - 4 4 3

Total 7 - 4 11 9
MAT103 Calculus – II 4 - - 4 4

2 MAT104 Calculus - II Practicals - - 4 4 3

Total 4 - 4 8 7

MAT201 Linear Algebra – I 4 - - 4 4

MAT202 Group Theory 4 - - 4 4

3
MAT203 Practicals (Based on MAT201, MAT202) - - 6 6 2.5

Total 8 - 6 14 10.5

MAT204 Linear Algebra – II 4 - - 4 4

MAT205 Ring Theory 4 - - 4 4

4
MAT206 Practicals (Based on MAT204, MAT205) - - 6 6 2.5

Total 8 - 6 14 10.5

MAT301 Numerical Methods 4 - - 4 4

MAT302 Analysis – I 4 - - 4 4
MATHEMATICS

MAT303 Complex Variables and Fourier Series 4 - - 4 4

MAT304 Mathematical Programming 4 - - 4 4

MAT305E C Programming for Mathematical Problems

Discrete Mathematics
3 - - 3 2
5 Financial Mathematics

Number Theory

MAT306 Practical - I (Based on MAT301, MAT302)

- - 12 12 5
Practical - II (Based on MAT303, MAT304)

Total 19 - 12 31 23

MAT307 Coordinate Geometry 4 - 4 4

MAT308 Analysis - II 4 - - 4 4

MAT309 Analysis - III 4 - - 4 4

MAT310 Graph Theory 4 - - 4 4

MAT311E Cryptography

Operations Research
6
Bio-Mathematics 3 - - 3 2
Mechanics

Convex Analysis and Probability Theory

MAT312 Practical - I (Based on MAT307, MAT308)

- - 12 12 5
Practical - II (Based on MAT309, MAT310)

Total 19 - 12 31 23

Grand Total (for Mathematics only) 109 83

B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester – I (MATHEMATICS)

EC 101: Mathematical Basics and Quantitative skills
Hours: 3/week Credits: 2

Unit I Trigonometry
Unit circle, trigonometric functions, values of trigonometric function at distinct
points, relation among trigonometric functions, trigonometric formulae, sin(𝑥 ±
𝑦) , cos(𝑥 ± 𝑦) , tan(𝑥 ± 𝑦) , sin 𝑐 ± sin 𝑑 , cos 𝑐 ± cos 𝑑 , 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦 (and others),
inverse of trigonometric functions.
Unit II Co-ordinate Geometry and Vectors

Distance Formula, Section Formula, Equation of a line and its slope, intersection of
two lines, Equation of a circle and its tangent, elementary vector algebra.

Unit III Limit and Differentiation

𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
Right hand limit, Left hand limit and limit of a function , ,
𝑥 →0 𝑥−𝑎 𝑥 →0 𝑥
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑎ℎ − 1 𝑙𝑖𝑚 1 𝑛
and (1 + ) , continuity, derivative of x n, e x , trigonometry
ℎ →0 ℎ 𝑛 →∞ 𝑛
functions, inverse trigonometry functions, chain rule, geometric meaning of
derivative.

Unit IV Integration
1
Integration of 𝑥 𝑛 , 𝑒 𝑥 , trigonometry functions, well known functions like ,
𝑥 2 ± 𝑎2
1
, √𝑥 2 ± 𝑎2 , Method of substitution, integration by parts, definite integral
√𝑥 2 ± 𝑎2
(Up to Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus)

N.B. All the results / formulae are without proof.

Reference Books:

1) Gujarat Rajya Pathya Pustak Mandal for std 11 and std 12.
2) A Textbook for class XI & XII, National Council of Educational Research and Training.
3) A Class Book of Mathematics for class XII by Chakrabarty S. K., Biswajit Bhagwati,
S. Chand Publishers.
4) Short Calculus by Serge Lang, Springer (India).

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B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester – I (MATHEMATICS)

MAT101: CALCULUS - I

UNIT I
(a) Successive Derivatives, Standard results for n derivative, Leibniz’s theorem.
(b) Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s theorems, Using Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s theorems find
power series of various functions.
UNIT II
(a) Roll’s Theorem, Lagrange’s and Cauchy’s Mean Value Theorem, Increasing and
decreasing functions.
Indeterminate forms: L’ Hospital Rules.
UNIT III
(a) Introduction to function of several variables, Limit – Continuity of function of
several variables and partial derivatives.
(b) Vector Analysis, different notations and its geometric interpretation.
UNIT IV
(a) Differential Equations of First order and First Degree:
Variable Separable, Homogeneous & non – homogeneous Differential Equations,
Exact Differential Equations, Integrating factors, Linear Differential Equations of
First order and First Degree, Bernoulli’s Differential Equations.
(b) Method of solving Differential Equations of First order and higher degree:
Solvable for y, Solvable for x, Solvable for p, Clairaut’s Differential Equation,
Lagrange’s Differential Equation.
Reference Books:
1) Calculus and Analytic Geometric – G. B. Thomas & R. L. Finney. Pearson
Education. Indian Reprint
2) Calculus – James Stewart, Sixth Edition (E -Book)
3) Calculus - T. M. Apostol. Volume – I
4) Differential Calculus – Shanti Narayan, P. K. Mittal, S. Chand & Co
5) Differential Calculus – Harikishan, Atlantic Publishers
6) Calculus – M. Spivak
7) Mathematical Analysis – S. C. Malik & Savita Arora, Second Edition, New Age Int.
(P) Ltd
8) Differential Calculus – Shanti Narayan
9) Calculus – James Stewart

6
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester – I (MATHEMATICS)

MAT102: CALCULUS - I PRACTICAL

UNIT I: Problems based -Successive Derivative, Leibniz’s theorem

UNIT II: Problems on Mean Value Theorems and L’ Hospital Rule
UNIT III: Example of Limit, Continuity, & Differentiation of function of several variables
using definition and Problems based on Vector Analysis
UNIT IV: Problems on solving differential equations

Reference Books:

1) Calculus and Analytic Geometric – G. B. Thomas & R. L. Finney. Pearson

Education. Indian Reprint
2) Calculus – James Stewart, Sixth Edition (E -Book)
3) Calculus - T. M. Apostol. Volume – I
4) Differential Calculus – Shanti Narayan, P. K. Mittal, S. Chand & Co
5) Differential Calculus – Harikishan, Atlantic Publishers
6) Calculus – M. Spivak
7) Mathematical Analysis – S. C. Malik & Savita Arora, Second Edition, New Age Int.
(P) Ltd
8) Differential Calculus – Shanti Narayan
9) Calculus – James Stewart

7
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester – II (MATHEMATICS)

MAT103: CALCULUS - II

UNIT I
Differentiability of function of several variables:
Differential of function of two variables, Total derivative, Harmonic function,
Schwartz’s theorem and Young’s theorem, Derivatives of implicit functions.
UNIT II
Homogeneous functions, Euler’s theorem for homogeneous functions of n – variables,
Extreme values of functions of two variables and its theorems, Lagrange’s method of
undetermined multipliers.
UNIT III
Applications of Partial derivatives:
Taylor’s theorem for function of two variables, Maclaurin’s theorem, problems on
Taylor and Maclaurin theorems, Concept of multiple points, double points, different
types of double points and examples, radius of curvature for Cartesian – Parametric –
Polar equations of a curve in R 2 .
UNIT IV
Multiple Integral: - Introduction to double Integral, repeated or iterated integral,
double integral over a closed region, evaluation of double integral, changing the order
of double integral, triple integrals, iterated triple integrals, Geometric interpretation
of double and triple integrals and problems based on it, Introduction to Jacobian,
transformation of double and triple integrals.

Reference Books:
1) Mathematical Analysis – S. C. Malik & Savita Arora, Second Edition, New Age Int.
(P) Ltd
2) Differential Calculus – Shanti Narayan
3) Calculus – David V. Widder – PHI – Second Edition
4) Advance Calculus Volume – II – T. M. Apostol
5) Calculus – James Stewart
6) Calculus with Early Transcendental functions - James Stewart, Indian Edition,
Engage learning India Pvt. Ltd.
7) Calculus and Analytic Geometry - G. B. Thomas & R. L. Finney Addition, Wesley
pub. India
8) A course in Multivariable Calculus & Analysis – S. R. Ghorpade & B. V. Limaye,
Springer, India

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B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester – II (MATHEMATICS)

MAT104: CALCULUS – II PRACTICAL

UNIT I
Practical based on Differentiability of function of several variables: - Practical based
on Homogeneous functions of n – variables, Extreme values of functions of two
variables, Lagrange’s method of undetermined multipliers.
UNIT II
Practical based on Applications of Partial derivatives: - Problems on Taylor’s theorems,
Concept of multiple points, double points, different types of double points and
examples, radius of curvature for Cartesian – Parametric – Polar equations of a curve
in R2.
UNIT III
Example based on Beta and Gama function: - Beta and gamma functions examples
using Definition and properties, examples using relation between beta and gamma
functions, examples using duplication formula, examples using evaluation of definite
integrals.
UNIT IV
Example of Line surface and Volume Integral: - examples using definition of Line,
Surface and Volume Integral, examples based on Green theorem, Gauss’s- divergence
theorem and Stoke’s theorem.

Reference Books:
1) Mathematical Analysis – S. C. Malik & Savita Arora, Second Edition, New Age Int.
(P) Ltd
2) Differential Calculus – Shanti Narayan
3) Calculus – David V. Widder – PHI – Second Edition
4) Advance Calculus Volume – II – T. M. Apostol
5) Calculus – James Stewart
6) Calculus with Early Transcendental functions - James Stewart, Indian Edition,
Engage learning India Pvt. Ltd.
7) Calculus and Analytic Geometry - G. B. Thomas & R. L. Finney Addition, Wesley
pub. India
8) A course in Multivariable Calculus & Analysis – S. R. Ghorpade & B. V. Limaye,
Springer, India

9
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - III (MATHEMATICS)

MAT201 LINEAR ALGEBRA-I
UNIT I
Vector space: Definition of vector space, examples, results, subspaces, examples,
results, theorems on subspace, intersection, union, addition and direct sums of
subspaces.
UNIT II
Dimension theorem of vector space
Definition of Linearly independence, Linearly dependence, Finite linear combination,
examples and results, dimension and basis of vector space, examples, results,
dimension theorem, examples on dimension theorem.
UNIT III
Linear transformation: Definition of linear transformation, examples, results, range,
kernel, rank & nullity of linear transformations, examples and results, rank-nullity
theorem, examples, results, verification of rank-nullity theorem.
UNIT IV
Matrices: Matrix associated with linear map, linear map associated with matrix,
examples, results, linear operations in µm,n, define L(U,V) and isomorphism between
µ,n & L(U,V), dimension theorem µm,n & L(U,V), rank nullity of matrices examples,
verifications.

Reference Books
1) An Introduction to Linear Algebra- V. Krishnamurthy, V P Mainra, J L Arora, East-
West press pvt Ltd., New Delhi.
2) Linear Algebra Geometric Approach – S. Kumaresan , PHI.

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B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - III (MATHEMATICS)

MAT202 Group Theory
UNIT I
Relation, Binary operations & Groups: Relation, Equivalence Relation, Partition of set, Binary
operations. Division Algorithm for Integers, Congruence modulo Relation in Z, Definition and
Examples of Groups, Elementary properties of Group, Equivalent Definitions of a Group, Finite
Groups and their tables, Commutative and non-commutative groups.
UNIT II
Subgroups & Lattice diagrams: Subgroups: Definition and Examples, normalizer and
centralizers, order of an element, order of a group, cyclic subgroup generated by an element,
Lattice diagrams of finite groups, cosets and its properties, Lagrange’s theorem and its
applications, Euler’s theorem, Fermat’s theorem.
UNIT III
Permutations & Normal subgroups: Permutations: Definitions and Examples, cycle,
transposition, even and odd permutations, order of a permutation, inverse of a permutation,
Symmetric groups and Alternating groups. Examples, Quotient groups.
Normal subgroups: Definitions and Examples, Quotient group.
Unit IV
Homomorphism & Isomorphism of Groups: lsomorphism of groups: Definitions and Examples,
lsomorphism as an equivalence relation. *v•Iic Groups: Properties of Cyclic Groups,
lsomorphism of Cyclic Groups. Homomorphism of groups: Definitions and Examples, Kernel of
a Homomorphism, Fundamental Theorem of Homomorphism, Caley’s Theorem,
Automorphism of Groups.

Text Book
Abstract Algebra - I. H. Sheth, PHI, New Delhi, Second edition-2009.
Reference Books
1) Topics in Algebra - I. N. Herstein, Vikas Publishing, New Delhi.
2) A First Course in Abstract Algebra — J. B. Fraleigh, Narosa Publishing, New Delhi. Basic
Abstract Algebra—P.B. Bhattacharya, S.K. Jain and S.R. Nagpal, Foundation Books, New
Delhi.
3) Abstract Algebra - Dipak Chatterajee, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. A survey of Modern
- G. Birkhoff & S. Maclane, Algebra Univ. Press.

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B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester – III (MATHEMATICS)

MAT203 Practical (Based on MAT201 & MAT202)

Practicals
1) Introduction to matrices, types of matrices, operations on matrices, symmetric and
skew- symmetric matrices, Hermitian and Skew-Hermitian matrices.
Examples of vector space and subspace.
2) Examples of LI set, LD set and basis of vector space.
3) Examples of verification of dimension theorem.
4) Examples of linear map.
5) Verification of rank-nullity theorem
6) Examples on matrix associated with linear map and linear map associated with matrix.
7) Examples on rank-nullity of matrices.
8) Examples of Relations and Equivalence Relations.
9) Examples of Groups.
10) Examples of Subgroups and Cyclic Subgroups
11) Examples of drawing Lattice Diagrams of Finite Groups.
12) Experiment determining even/odd permutation finding inverse of permutations and
finding order of permutations.
13) Experiment of preparing group table and Lattice diagram of for symmetric groups 𝑆3 and
Examples of Normal subgroups along with Quotient groups.
14) Examples of cyclic groups, examples of group isomorphism and examples of
Isomorphism between cyclic groups.
15) Experiment based on examples of group Homomorphism and finding the Kernel of Group
Homomorphisms. Examples of Automorphisms.

12
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - IV (MATHEMATICS)

MAT204 Linear Algebra - II

UNIT I
L(U,V) and inner product space: The space L(U,V), Operator equation, linear
functional, Dual spaces, bilinear forms, inner product space, examples, results, norm.
UNIT II
Gram Schmidt orthogonalization process, Cauchy-Schwartz inequality,
orthogonalization and orthonormalization of basis , Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization
process , orthogonal complement and its properties , orthogonal transformations.
UNIT III
Determinants: Determinants and their properties, value of determinant, Basic results,
Laplace expansion, Cramer’s rule.
UNIT IV
Cayley –Hamilton’s theorem: Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of linear operators and
square matrices, Caley-Hamilton’s theorem and its verification, Application to
reduction of Quadrics, classification of Quadrics, Diagonalization of real and
symmetric Matrices, Spectral Theorem.

Reference books
1) An Introduction to Linear Algebra- V. Krishnamurthy, V P Mainra, J L Arora, East-West
press Pvt Ltd., New Delhi)
2) Linear Algebraa Geometric Approach – S.Kumaresan , PHI

13
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - IV (MATHEMATICS)

MAT205 Ring Theory

Unit I
Rings: Definition and examples, commutative ring, division ring, unity and unit
elements of a ring, Field, properties of a ring, Boolean ring, Finite rings.
Integral Domain: Zero divisor, Definition and examples of Integral Domain (Finite and
of infinite order), Characteristic of a ring.
Unit II
Subrings: Definition and examples, necessary and sufficient criterion for subring,
Ideals: Definition and examples, necessary and sufficient criterion for ideal, principal
ideal ring, quotient ring and its operation tables.
Homomorphism: Definition and some examples, Kernel of homomorphism,
Isomorphism of rings, Fundamental theorem on homomorphism, homomorphism and
characteristic.
Unit III
Polynomial ring: Introduction and definition of polynomial, degree of polynomial,
operation between polynomials, Integral domain D[x], different types of polynomials,
factorization of polynomials, Division algorithm for polynomials, irreducibility of
polynomial over field, Remainder and factor theorem, solution of polynomial
equation, zero of polynomial, Eisenstein’s criterion for irreducibility, rational zero of
polynomial.
Unit IV
Fields: Fields, Subfields, Extension field, The field of quotients and integral domain,
Prime fields, Finite fields, Maximal ideals, Prime ideals and their characterization

Text Book
1) Abstract Algebra - I. H. Sheth, PHI, New Delhi, Second edition-2009.

Reference Books
1) Topics in Algebra - I. N. Herstein, Vikas Publishing, New Delhi.
2) A First Course in Abstract Algebra - J. B. Fraleigh, Narosa Publishing, New Delhi.
3) Basic Abstract Algebra - P.B. Bhattacharya, S.K. Jain and S.R. Nagpal, Foundation
Books, New Delhi.
4) Abstract Algebra - Dipak Chatterajee, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, New

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B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - IV (MATHEMATICS)

MAT206 Practical (Based on MAT-204 & MAT-205)

Practicals
1) Examples of solving an operator equation.
2) Examples of Bilinear map.
3) Examples of inner product.
4) Examples of orthogonalization and orthonormalization of basis through Gram-
Schmidt orthogonalization process.
5) Examples of finding value of determinant through the properties.
6) Examples of finding eigen values and eigen vectors of a square matrix.
7) Examples of the verification of Caley-Hamilton Theorem.
8) Examples of diagonalization of square matrices
9) Experiment based on examples of Rings, Commutative Rings, Non- commutative
Rings. Examples of Groups.
10) Experiment based on examples of Boolean Rings, Finite Rings and Integral Domains
and finding characteristics of Rings.
11) Experiment based on examples of Subrings, Left-Right Ideals, Ideals and Quotient
Rings and it’s operation tables.
12) Experiment based on examples of Ring Homomorphism, Kernel of Ring
Homomorphism and Isomorphism of Rings.
13) Experiment based on examples of operation between polynomials, factorization
of polynomials and division of polynomials in 𝑍𝑛[𝑥
14) Experiment based on examples of reducibility or irreducibility of polynomials and
Application of Eisenstein’s criterion for irreducibility of polynomials and finding
rational zeros of polynomials.
15) Experiment based on examples of fields, subfields, extension fields.
16) Experiment based on examples of Maximal Ideals, Prime Ideals, Finite Fields, Prime
Fields and finding prime ideals and their characterization through quotient ring.

15
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - V (MATHEMATICS)

MAT301 Numerical Methods

Unit I
Algorithms, Convergence, Errors: Relative, Absolute, Round off, Truncation.
Transcendental and Polynomial equations: Bisection method, Newton’s method,
Secant method. Rate of convergence of these methods.
Unit II
System of linear algebraic equations: Gaussian Elimination and Gauss Jordan methods.
Gauss Jacobi method, Gauss Seidel method and their convergence analysis.
Interpolation: Lagrange and Newton’s methods
Unit III
Error bounds. Finite difference operators. Gregory forward and backward difference
interpolation. Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Simpsons 3/8th
rule, Boole’s Rule. Midpoint rule,
Unit IV
Composite Trapezoidal rule, Composite Simpson’s rule, Ordinary Differential
Equations: Euler’s method. Runge-Kutta methods of orders two and four.

Reference Books

1) Brian Bradie, A Friendly Introduction to Numerical Analysis, Pearson Education,

India, 2007.
2) M.K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar and R.K. Jain, Numerical Methods for Scientific and
Engineering Computation, 6th Ed., New age International Publisher, India,
2007.
3) C.F. Gerald and P.O. Wheatley, Applied Numerical Analysis, Pearson Education,
India, 2
4) Uri M. Ascher and Chen Greif, A First Course in Numerical Methods, 7th Ed.,
PHI Learning Private Limited, 2013.
5) John H. Mathews and Kurtis D. Fink, Numerical Methods using Matlab, 4th Ed.,
PHI Learning Private Limited, 2012.

16
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - V (Mathematics)

MAT302 Analysis – I (Theory)
Unit I
The Real Numbers: Set and Functions. (1.1), Mathematical induction. (1.2), Finite and
infinite sets. (1.3), The Algebraic and Order properties of R. (2.1), Absolute Value and
Real Line. (2.2), The completeness Property of R. (2.3), The Applications of Supremum
Property. (2.4), Intervals. (2.5)
Unit II
Convergence of Sequences: Introduction. (4.1), Convergence. (4.2), Limit theorems.
(4.3), Weierstrass completeness principle. (4.4), Cantor’s completeness principle.
(4.5), Subsequence and Bolzano- Weierstrass theorem. (4.6), Cauchy’s completeness
principle. (4.7)
Unit III
Functions and Continuity: Limit of Function. (3.1), Limit Theorems. (3.2), Other
limits. (3.3), Continuity. (3.4), Intermediate values, extreme values. (3.5), Uniform
continuity. (3.6)
Unit IV
The Derivatives: Definition of the derivative. (4.1), Rules for differentiation. (4.2),
The mean value theorem. (4.3), Inverse functions. (4.4), Indeterminate forms (L’
Hospital’s rule). (7.5)

Books
1) An introduction to Analysis –Gerald G. Biloeau, Paul R. Thie and G. E. Keough. (For
topic 1 to 4).
2) Fundamentals of Mathematical Analysis – G.Das & S Pattanayak. (For topic 5).

17
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - V (Mathematics)

MAT303 Complex Variables and Fourier Series (Theory)

Unit I
Complex Numbers: Sums and products (1), Basic algebraic properties (2,3), Vectors
and moduli (Triangle inequality) (4), Complex conjugates (5), Exponential form (6),
Product and powers in exponential form (7), Arguments of products and quotients (8),
Roots of complex numbers (9,10), Region in the complex plane (11), Trigonometric
functions (34), Hyperbolic functions (35), Invers trigonometric and hyperbolic
functions (36), Convergence of sequences (55), Convergence of series (56)
Unit II
Analytic Functions: Functions of complex variables (12), Mappings (13), Mappings by
exponential function (14), Limits (15), Theorems on limits (16), Limit involving the
point at infinity (17), Continuity (18), Derivatives (19). Differentiation formulas (20),
Cauchy-Riemann equations (21), Sufficient conditions for differentiability (22), Polar
co-ordinates (23), Analytic functions (24, 25), Harmonic functions (26)
Unit III
Mapping by elementary functions & Conformal mappings: Linear transformations
1 1
(90), The transformation w = 𝑧 (91), Mappings by w = 𝑧 (92), Linear fractional
transformations (93), An implicit form (94), Preservations of angles (101), Scale
factors. (102)
Unit IV
Fourier series: Introduction (10.1), Pointwise convergence of the Fourier series (Up
to theorem 2, Bessel’s inequality & Riemann-Lebesgue theorem.) (10.2)

Books:
1. Complex variables and applications, James Ward Brown & Ruel V. Churchil, McGraw
HILL International Edition, Eighth edition). (For UNIT I – III)

2. A first course in Mathematical analysis – D. Somasundaram & B. Choudhry (For UNIT

IV)

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B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - V (Mathematics)

MAT304 Mathematical Programming (Theory)

UNIT I
Convex Analysis and Linear Programming Problem: Convex set, Extreme point of a
convex set, Convex combination, Examples of convex set and Theorems on convexity,
Formulation technique of LP problems (Only examples and Graphical Method)
UNIT II
Problem solving techniques for LP Problems: Simplex method-I for solving LP Problem,
Simplex method-II (Big M or Penalty method) for solving LPP, Simplex method-III (Two-
Phase method) for solving LPP
UNIT III
Duality, Dual Simplex Method and Integer Programming Problem: Introduction,
Definition of the dual problem, General rules for converting any primal problem into
it’s dual, Interpretation of the solution of its dual from primal and vice versa,
Comparison of the solution of the primal and its dual, Dual simplex method
Integer Programming Problem (Only Gomory’s Cutting Plane method)
UNIT IV
Transportation and Assignment Problem: Introduction of TP and Mathematical
formulation of TP, Tabular Representation and Some Definitions, Methods for finding
Initial basic feasible solution (North West Corner Rule, Least Cost Method, Vogel’s
Appro. Method), Optimality Test (MODI method), Degeneracy in TP and Unbalanced
Transportation Problem
Introduction and Mathematical formulation of Assignment Problem: Method for
solving Assignment Problem (Hungarian Method), Unbalanced Assignment Problem
and Examples

Text Book
1) Operations Research by “Nita H. Shah , Ravi M. Gor and HardikSoni” (PHI-Learning)
UNIT I: 2.4 (pages 24 to 30) , Unit-1 (3.1 to 3.3) (pages 33 to 50)
UNIT II: (3.6 to 3.8) (Pages 58 to 85)
UNIT III: (3.9) (Pages 89 to 100) , Unit-3 (4.1 to 4.3) (Pages 125 to 127)
UNIT IV: (8.1 to 8.8) (Pages 195 to 219) , Unit-4 (9.1 to 9.3 (9.3.4)) (Pages 241 to 243)

Reference Books
1) Mathematical Models in O.R. – J. K. Sharma (Tata McGraw Hills)
2) Optimization Method in O.R. & System Analysis – K. V. Mittal, New Age
3) Operation Research – S. D. Sharma, KedarnathRamnath & Co.
4) Operation Research – Kantiswaroop & Man Mohan, Sultan Chand & Co.

19
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - V (Mathematics)

MAT305 (Elective Course): C Programming for Mathematical Problems (Practical)

Unit I
1) To generate the first n terms of the Fibonacci sequence, where n  1 .
2) To find the greatest common divisor and the least common multiple factorial of given
two non-zero integer.
3) To find all the prime numbers in the first n positive integers.
4) To find (i) all the prime divisors (ii) all the divisors (iii) the prime power factorization of
a given positive integer.
Unit II
n
5) To evaluate x for a given positive integer n and a given real number x .
6) To find the n th Fibonacci number without finding all the preceding Fibonacci
numbers.
7) To remove all duplicates from an ordered array and contract the array accordingly.
8) To partition the elements of a given randomly ordered array of n elements and a given
an element x into two subsets such that the elements  x are in one subset and the
elements  x are in the other subset.
Unit III
9) To merge two monotonically increasing arrays into a single monotonically increasing
array.
10) To sort a given randomly ordered array of n elements into non-descending order
using (i) the selection sort method (ii) the exchange method (iii)Shell’s diminishing
increment insertion method.

Text Books
1) For “C” programming language “Programming in ANSI C” covers the course -second
edition E. BALAGURUSAMY, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited ISBN 0-
07460401-5. Chapter 1-7, 9,11,13 (omit case studies, 7.8, 9.20, 11.16, 13.14)
2) Algorithms and Practicals are covered by “How to Solve It by Computer”-R. G. Dromey
(second edition) Prentice Hall of India.

Reference book:
1) Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs Niklaus Wirth-Prentice-Hall of India ISBN-81-
203-05698.
2) Numerical Methods with C++ programming – Nita H Shah. PHI Learning.

20
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - V (Mathematics)

MAT305 (Elective Course): Discrete Mathematics (Theory)

Unit I Relation & Ordering:

Binary Relation, Reflexive, Irreflexive, Symmetric, Antisymmetric, Transitive, Partial
Ordering (omit lexicographic ordering), Hasse Diagram, Upper bound, lower bound,
lub, glb, Lattice as a poset, Properties of lattices.

Unit II Lattice & Boolean Algebra:

Lattice as an algebraic system (only definition), Sublattice, Homomorphism, Some
Special Lattices, Boolean Algebra, Subalgebra, Direct Product, Homomorphism, Join
Irreducible, Atoms.

Unit III Boolean Expression & Canonical forms:

Boolean Expression, Equivalent Boolean Expression, Minterm, Maxterm, Values of
Boolean Expressions, Stone’s Representation Theorem for finite Boolean Algebra, Sum
of Products Canonical forms, Product of Sums Canonical forms, Symmetric Boolean
expression.

Text Book
1) Discrete Mathematical Structures with Applications to Computer Science -J. R.
Tremblay and R. Manohar, Macgraw-Hill International Editions, ISBN 0-07-065142-6.
Definitions: 2-3.3 to 2-3.7, Definition 2-3.16, 2-3.17(omit Lexicographic ordering),
Article 2-3.9, Chapter 4 up to 4-3.

Reference Books
1) Boolean Algebra and its Application – J. E. Whitesitt, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
Inc.
2) Foundation of Discrete Mathematics – K. D. Joshi, New Age International Limite
Publishers, ISBN 81-224-0120-1.
3) Logic and Boolean Algebra – B. H. Arnold, P H Inc LCCN 62-19100.
4) Introduction to Lattice Theory – D. E. Rutherford, University Mathematical Oliver
and Boyed Ltd.
5) Modern Applied Algebra - Garret Birkhoff and Thomas C Bartee, CBS Publishers and
Distributors.
6) Sets Lattices and Boolean Algebras - James C Abbott.

21
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - V (Mathematics)

MAT 305(Elective Course): Financial Mathematics (Theory)

Unit I
Basic Concepts: Arbitrage, Return and Interest, Time Value of Money, Bonds, Shares
and Indices, Models and Assumptions.
Unit II
Deterministic Cash Flows: Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR),
Comparison of IRR and NPV, Bonds price and yield, Clean and Dirty Price, Price – Yield
Curves, Duration, Term structure of Interest rates, Immunisation, Convexity.
Unit III
Random Cash Flows: Random Returns, Portfolio Diagrams and Efficiency, Feasible Set,
Markowitz Model.

Text Book
1) The Calculus of Finance - Amber Habib, University Press, Chapters 1, 2, 3 (upto 3.4).

22
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - V (Mathematics)

MAT305 (Elective Course): Number Theory (Theory)
Unit I
Some Preliminary Consideration: Well-Ordering Principle, Mathematical Induction,
the Binomial Theorem & binomial coefficients.
Divisibility Theory: the division algorithm, divisor, remainder, prime, relatively prime,
the greatest common divisor, the Euclidean algorithm (Without proof), the least
common multiple, the linear Diophantine equation & its solution.
Unit II
Prime Numbers: Prime and composite number, the Fundamental Theorem of
Arithmetic (without proof), canonical form of a number, the Sieve of Eratosthenes.
Theory of Congruence: Definition and basic properties of congruence, Residue class
&complete system of residues, special divisibility test, linear congruence, Chinese
Remainder Theorem. (without proof)
Unit III
Fermat’s Theorem: Fermat’s Factorization method, Fermat’s little theorem, Wilson
theorem,
Euler’s theorem: Euler’s Phi-function  (n) and formula for  (n) , Euler’s theorem
(without proof) and only problems on Euler’s theorem.
Text Book
Elementary Number Theory - David M. Burton, Sixth Edition, Universal Book stall, New
Delhi.
Chapter 1: (1.1 - 1.2), Chapter 2: (2.1 - 2.4), Chapter 3: (3.1 - 3.2), Chapter 4: (4.1 -
4.3), Chapter 5: (5.2 - 5.3), Chapter 7: (7.2 – 7.7)

Reference Books:
1 An introduction to the Theory of numbers - Niven and Zuckerman, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
2 Number Theory - S. G. Telang, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi
3 Elementary Theory of Numbers - C. Y. Hsiung, Allied Publishers Ltd.-India, ISBN 81-7023-464-6.
4 Number Theory - George E. Andrews, Hindustan Publishing Corporation- Delhi.
5 Elementary Number Theory - Gareth A. Jones & J. Mary Jones, Springer Verlag, ISBN 81-8128-
278-7.
6 Number Theory - J. Hunter, Oliver and Boyd-London.
7 Beginning Number Theory - Neville Robbins, Narosa Pub. House -New Delhi ISBN 978-81-7319-
836
8 Introduction to the theory of Numbers - G. H. Hardy & E. M. Wright, Oxford Uni. Press
9 Higher Algebra - S. Barnard & J. M. Child, Macmillan India Ltd
10 Elements of Number Theory - I. M. Vinogradov , Dover Pub INC
11 Elementary Number Theory in Nine chapters - James J. Tattersall, Cambridge Uni Press
12 A first course in Theory of Numbers - K. C. Chowdhary, Asian Books Pvt Ltd New Delhi
13 1001 problems in Classical Number Theory - Jean Marie De Konick Armed Mercier, AMS

23
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - V (Mathematics)

MAT306 Practical-1 (Based on MAT301, MAT302)
Practicals
Unit I
1) Calculate the sum 1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + … +1/ N.

2) To find the absolute value of an integer.

3) Enter 100 integers into an array and sort them in anascending order.
4) Bisection Method.
5) Newton Raphson Method.
6) Secant Method.
7) Regulai Falsi Method.
8) LU decomposition Method.
9) Gauss-Jacobi Method.
10) SOR Method or Gauss-Siedel Method.
11) Lagrange Interpolation or Newton Interpolation.
12) Simpson’s rule.
13) Countable and Uncountable Sets
14) Completeness property of R - problems related to infimum, supremum of sets.
15) Limits of sequences including inductively defined sequences, limit inferior and
superior
16) Cauchy Sequences
17) Types of discontinuities-discussion and examples
18) Uniform continuity.
19) Problems based on Mean Value Theorems
20) L’Hospital’s Rule –Theorems + problems.

24
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - V (Mathematics)

MAT 306: Practical-2 (Based on MAT303, MAT304)

Hours: 6 /week Credits: 2.5

List of Practicals:
Unit I
1. Application of De-Moivere’s theorem (to find the roots of an equation and simplify
common statements)
2. Verification of Cauchy-Riemann equaations (Cartesian & polar form).
3. Find the harmonic conjugate of a function and hence find corresponding analytic
function.
4. If f ( z ) = u + iv is an analytic function then find f (z ) when u, v, u − v or u + v is given.

Unit II

1
5. Problems on transformation under function w = .
z
6. Problems on verification of conformality.
7. Find the Fourier series of functions - I.
8. Find the Fourier of functions-II.

Unit III
9. Solve Linear programming problem by graphical method for two variable problem (3
problems)
10. Solve Linear Programming Problem by simplex method-I (3 problems)
11. Solve Linear Programming Problem by big-M method (3 problems)
12. Solve Linear Programming Problem by Two-Phase method (3 problems)

Unit IV
13. Using duality solve Linear Programming Problem (3 problems)
14. Using Modi method to solve Transportation problem (Balanced) (3 problems)
15. Using Modi method to solve Transportation problem (Unbalanced) (3 problems)
16. Using "Hungarian method" to solve Assignment problem (Balanced and Unbalanced)
(3 Problems)

25
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - VI (Mathematics)

MAT 307: Co-ordinate Geometry (Theory)

UNIT I
Introduction to Lines and Planes in R3: Co-ordinates, equation of line, equation of
plane in R3, Angle between two lines, Direction cosines of a line, Relation between
Direction Cosines, Projection on a straight line, Theorem, Converse of the Preceding
theorem, Transformation to the normal form, Direction Cosines of the normal to a
plane, Angle between two planes, Determination of a Plane under given conditions,
System of Planes, Two sides of a Plane, Length of the Perpendicular from a point to
a Plane, Joint equation of two Planes, Orthogonal Projection on a Plane, Volume of
Tetrahedron
UNIT II
Sphere in R3: Definitions, Equation of the sphere through four given points, Sphere,
Equations of a Circle in R3, Intersection of a Sphere and a Line, Equation of a Tangent
Plane, Angle of Intersection of two Spheres, Radical Plane, A simplified form of the
equation of two given Spheres

UNIT III
Cones and Cylinders in R3: Definitions, Condition that the General equation of the
second degree represent a Cone, Cone and a Plane through its vertex, Intersection
of a Line with a Cone, Intersection of two Cones with a common vertex, The right
circular cone and examples, The Cylinder, Right circular cylinder and its examples,
Enveloping Cone and Cylinder

UNIT IV
Conicoid: The general equation of the second degree, Shapes of some Surfaces,
Intersection of a Line with a Conicoid, Plane of contact, The Polar Plane of a point,
Chord, Conjugate diameters and diametric Planes, Paraboloids, Plane section of a
Conicoid

Text Book
Analytical Solid Geometry by Shanti Narayan, Dr. P. K. Mittal (S. Chand)

26
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - VI (Mathematics)

MAT308 Analysis-II (Theory)
Unit I
Introduction to Riemann integral, Properties of the Riemann integral, Fundamental
theorems of calculus, First and second mean value theorems, Improper integrals of
the first and second kind.
Articles 8.1, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5 up to theorem 7 of text book 1.

Unit II
Limit superior and inferior, Complex sequences, Convergence of series, Series of
positive terms and tests for convergence
Articles 4.8 to 4.11 of text book 2.

Unit III
Absolute convergence, Rearrangement of series, Conditionally convergent series,
Power Series and its convergence, Multiplication of series
Articles 4.12 to 4.15 of text book 2.

Unit IV
Taylor’s Theorem with Lagrange and Cauchy form of remainders, Binomial series
theorem, Expansions of exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions, Power
series solutions of differential equations
Article 9.2 of text book 1 and 4.4 to be supplemented from the reference book 1
(Article 8.3).

Text Books
1) A First Course in Mathematical Analysis, D. Somasundaram and B. Choudhary
(Corrected Edition), Narosa Publication.
2) Fundamentals of Mathematical Analysis, G. Das and S. Pattanayak, Tata McGrow Hills.

Reference Books
1) An Introduction to Analysis, Gerald G. Bilodeau, Paul R. Thie and G. E. Keough, Jones
and Bartlett Student edition
2) Introduction to Real Analysis, Robert G. Bartle and Donald R. Sherbert, Wiley Student
Edition, 2010.
3) Principles of Mathematical Analysis, W. Rudin, McGraw-Hill.
4) Mathematical Analysis, Tom M. Apostol, Narosa Publ. House India.
5) Elementary Analysis: the theory of calculus, K. Ross, Springer, India.
6) A Course in Calculus and Real Analysis, S. R. Ghorpade and B. V. Limaye.
7) Mathematical Analysis, Andrew Browder, Springer.

27
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - VI (Mathematics)

MAT309 Analysis-III (Theory)

UNIT I
Metric Spaces: Definition and Examples, Open Sets, Closed Sets, Convergence,
Completeness and Baire’s Theorem
Articles 9, 10, 11 and 12 (Baire’s Theorem without Proof) of Text Book (1)

UNIT II
Continuity, Compactness and Connectedness: Compact sets, Connected sets,
Continuous functions, Continuity and compactness, Continuity and connectedness
Articles 2.1 (2.31 - 2.38), 2.2 (2.45 - 2.47), 2.3 (4.5 - 4.8), 2.4 (4.13 - 4.18), 2.5
(4.22, 4.23) covered from Text Book (2)

Unit III
Uniform Convergence: Pointwise Convergence, Uniform Convergence, Uniform
Convergence and Continuity, Uniform Convergence and Differentiation, Term by Term
Integration of Series, Term by Term Differentiation of Series
Articles 9.1-9.5 of Text Book (3)

Unit IV
Applications of Uniform Convergence: Power Series, Abel’s Limit Theorem,
Multiplication of Power Series (Except Stirling’s Formula), Taylor’s Series, Weierstrass
Approximation Theorem, Exponential, Logarithmic and Trigonometric Functions
Articles 9.6-9.8 and only topics of Article 4.5 from 9.9 of Text Book (3)

Text Books
1) Topology and Modern Analysis - G. F. Simmons.
2) Principles of Mathematical Analysis, Third edition- Walter Rudin, McGraw-Hill
International Editions, McGraw-Hill Book Company.
3) Fundamentals of Mathematical Analysis - Das and Pattanayak, TMH.

Reference Books
1) Mathematical Analysis -Tom Apostol, Addison Wesley
2) Introduction to Real Analysis - Robert G. Bartle and Donald R. Sherbert, Wiley
Student Edition, 2010.
3) A First Course in Mathematical Analysis – D. Somasundaram & B. Choudhary, Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi.
4) A Course in Calculus & Real Analysis - S. R. Ghorpade& B. V. Limaye
5) Elementary Analysis: the theory of calculus - K. Ross, Springer. India.
6) Topology of Metric Spaces - S. Kumaresan, Narosa
7) Metric Spaces - Shirali, Springer, India.

28
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - VI (Mathematics)

MAT310 Graph Theory (Theory)

UNIT I
An Introduction to Graphs: The Definition of Graph, Graph as a model, More
definitions, Vertex Degrees, Sub graphs
UNIT II
Trees and Connectivity: Paths and Cycles, The Matrix Representation of Graphs,
Definitions and Simple Properties, Bridges
UNIT III
Connector Problems: Spanning Trees, Cut Vertices and Connectivity, Whitney’s
Theorem, Weighted Graph, Minimal Spanning Tree
UNIT IV
Euler Tours and Hamiltonian Cycles: Euler Tours, The Chinese Postman Problem,
Hamiltonian Graphs, The Travelling Salesman Problem

Text Book
1) A First Look At Graph Theory by John Clark & Derek Allan Holton, Published by Allied
Publishers Ltd.
UNIT I (1.1 to 1.5)
UNIT II (1.6, 1.7, 2.1, 2.2)
UNIT III (2.3, 2.4, 2.6)
UNIT IV (3.1 to 3.4)
(Omit Theorem 2.16 to 2.18)

Reference Books
1) An introduction to Graph Theory by S. Pirzada, Universities Press
2) Introduction to Graph Theory by R. J. Wilson, Logman
3) Graph Theory with application to Engineering and computer science by
Narshinghdeo, PHI
4) A First Course in Graph Theory by S. A. Choudum, Macmillan India Ltd.
5) Graph Theory by G. Suresh Singh, Prentice Hall of India.
6) Introduction to Graph Theory by Douglas B. West, PHI second addition
7) Invitation to Graph Theory by S. Arumugam, S. Ramchandran, Scitech Publication
(India)

29
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - VI (Mathematics)

MAT311 (Elective Course) Cryptography (Theory)

UNIT I
Rings, Modular Arithmetic, Prime Numbers, Primitive Elements, Discrete Logarithm.

UNIT II
Conventions in Representation, Shift Cipher, Substitution Cipher, Affine Cipher,
Vigenere Cipher, Hill Cipher, Permutation Cipher, A Case for Modern Cryptography.

UNIT III
Trapdoor Function, Diffie-Hellman (DH) Algorithms for Key Exchange, Algorithms for
Discrete Logarithms, ElGamal Public-Key Cryptosystem, RSA Cryptosystem, Digital
Signature.

Text Book
1) Cryptography and Security - C K Shyamala, N Harini and Dr T R Padmanabhan
Wiley-India.
Ch-1 (omit1.5.6), Ch-2(omit 2.9), Ch-5(up to 5.5), Ch-7.5(up to 7.5.2).

Reference Books

1) Cryptography & Network Security - Behrouz A Forouzan and Debdeep Mukhopadhyay,

McGraw Hill.
2) Cryptography - Atul Kahate.
3) Cryptography and information Security - V K Pachgrare, PHI, EEE.
4) Public-Key Cryptography Theory and Practice - Abhijit Das, Madhvan and C E Veni,
Pearson.

30
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - VI (Mathematics)

MAT311 (Elective Course) Operations Research (Theory)

Unit I
Inventory Problems: Introduction, types of inventory, cost involved in inventory
problems, notations, EOQ model, limitations of EOQ formula, EOQ model with finite
replenishment rate, EOQ model with shortages, Order – level Lot – size model, Order
– level Lot – size model with finite replenishment rate.
Unit II
PERT and CPM: Introduction, origin of PERT & CPM, applications of PERT & CPM,
framework of PERT & CPM, construction of project network, dummy activities and
events, rules for network construction, finding the critical path, concepts of float, total
float and free float and its interpretations.
Unit III
Game Theory: Introduction, Two person zero-sum games, Maximin and Minimax
Principles, Mixed strategies, expected pay-off, solution of 2  2 mixed strategy game,
solution of mixed strategy game by the method of oddments, Dominance Principle,
solution of mixed game by matrix method, solution of a two person zero-sum 2  n
game, Algebraic method for solving a game, solution of 3  3 games with mixed
strategy by the method of oddments, Iterative method for approximate solution.

Text Book
1) Operations Research - Nita H. Shah, Ravi M. Gor and Hardik Soni, PHI learning.
Chapter 11 (11.1 – 11.10), Chapter 15 (15.1 – 15.9) and Chapter 18 (18.1 – 18.14).

Reference Books
1) Operations Research by J. K. Sharma.
2) Operations Research by S. D. Sharma.
3) Operations Research by Man Mohan, Kanti Swaroop and P. K. Gupta

31
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - VI (Mathematics)

MAT311 (Elective Course) Bio-Mathematics (Theory)

Unit I
Mathematical Models in epidemiology: Basic concepts, SI model, SIS model with
constant coefficient, SIS model with coefficient as a function of time t, SIS model with
constant number of carriers, SIS model when the carriers is a function of time t, SIR
model, Epidemics with vaccination.
Unit II
Single-species population models – Age structured: Continuous-time continuous-
Age-Scale population models, Lotka’s model for population growth, Discrete-Time
Discrete-Age-Scale population model, Bernardelli, Lewis and Leslie (BLL) model,
Density Dependence model, Two-sec models, Continuous-time Discrete-Age
population model.
Unit III
Single-species population models – non-age structured: Exponential Growth model,
its formulation, solution and interpretation, Effects of immigration and Emigration on
population, Logistic Growth model, its formulation, solution and interpretation.

Text Book
1) Bio-Mathematics - S. K. Aggarwal, ALP Books.

32
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - VI (Mathematics)

MAT311 (Elective Course) Mechanics (Theory)
Unit I
Foundation of Mechanics- The ingredients of mechanics (particles, mass, rigid bodies,
events, frame of reference, time, units, rest of motion, force), Introduction of vectors,
velocity and acceleration, Fundamental laws of Newtonian mechanics, The theory of
dimensions.
Unit II
Methods of Plane Statics- Equilibrium of a particle, Equilibrium of a system of particles,
the moment of a vector about a line, the theorem of verignon, necessary condition
for equilibrium equipollent system of forces, couples, reduction of a general plane
force system, work, the principle of virtual work, sufficient condition for
the equilibrium of a rigid body movable parallel to a fixed plane, Potential energy.
Unit III
Mass centers and centre of gravity, Theorem of Pappus, gravitation, centre of gravity,
Friction, laws of Static and kinetic friction, thin beams, flexible cables, differential
equation of flexible cables, the suspension bridge, the common catenary, cables in
contact with smooth curves, cables in contact with rough curves.
Text Book
1) Principles of Mechanics - John L. Synge and Byron A. Grifith. Mc Graw Hill Book Comp.-
New Delhi.
Reference Books
1) Introduction to classical Mechanics - R. G. Takwale & P. S. Puranik. Mc Graw Hill Book
Comp.-New Delhi.
2) A Text Book on Mechanics - P. N. Sinha l& S. Sareen, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi
3) Classical Mechanics - Herbert Goldstein, Addison –Wesley Publishing Company, INC.
4) Classical Mechanics – T. W. B. Kibble, Longman scientific & Technical Co-published in
US with John Wiley & Sons Inc., New-York.
5) Mechanics - S. L. Kalani, C. Hemrajani, Shubhara Kalani, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
ISBN-10: 81-309-0058-0.

33
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - VI (Mathematics)

MAT311 (Elective Course)
Convex Analysis and Probability Theory (Theory)
Unit I
Convex Analysis: Convex and concave sets, Affine sets & Hyperplanes, Convex
combination, Convex cones, Algebra of convex sets: Convex functions and discussion
of its continuity, graphs, sequences, limits, maxima & minima, monotonicity, linearity
on an interval & convex sets, Convexity & connectedness and discussion of
differentiability of convex functions. Examples, counter examples and theorems based
on them.
Unit II
Jensen inequality and its consequences & related results. AM, GM, Quadratic Mean
(QM) inequality, logarithmic mean and convexity. Problems, Lagrange Mean Value
Theorem (LMVT) & Convexity. Probability as a stochastic (uncertainty) mathematical
model. Axiomatic & classical definition of probability, Sample space, events,
probabilistic 2-set, 3-set, n-set. Inclusion & Exclusion and examples: Box office queue,
Birthday problems, Bertrand’s paradox. Independent, Conditional & geometric
probability. Law of total probability.
Unit III
Random walk & Random variable, Baye’s Rule. Classical problems: Shakespeare’s
monkey Eccentric Warden, 3-prisoner’s Dilemma, D’Alembert’s Confusion Gambler’s
Ruin etc. Expected values & variance Binomial poison & normal Distributions Banach
match-box problem & some classical problems.
Text Books
1) Convex Analysis, R. Tyrrell Rockafellor, Princeton Uni. Press.
2) A course in Calculus & Real Analysis, Sudhir R. Ghorpade & Balmohan V. Limaye,
Springer India. Pages:23, 24, 25, 34, 36, (ex.27 to 35), 42, (ex.71, 72), 74 to 77, 100,
102, 125 to 130 (ex.15), 174 (ex.12)
3) Probability: An Introduction, David A. Santos Viva Books Ch.3 & 4

Reference Books:
1) All the mathematics you missed but Need to Know - Thomas A. Garrity, Camb. Univ.
Press.
2) An Introduction to Probability Theory & its Applications - Feller Vol. I John Wiley &
sons, NY.
3) Introduction to Probability Models -Sheldom M. Ross, Academic Press, 9th Edition.
4) Probability & Probability Distributions (MS-8, Block:3), IGNOU, New Delhi.
5) Elementary Probability Theory - Chung, Springer, India.

34
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

6) What is Mathematics? - Courant & Robbins, Revised by Ian Stewart Pg.108 - 116.
7) Calculus, once again (for convex function & monotonicity) - David A. Santos.
8) Convex functions - A. W. Roberts and D. E. Varberg. Academic press.
9) Lecture slides on Convex Analysis & Optimization - Dimitri P. Bertsekas, MIT
Cambridge MASS.
10) Convex Analysis by Jose’ De Dona; The Uni. of New Castle.
11) A course in Multivariable Calculus & Analysis - S. R. Ghorpade& B. V. Limaye Springer
(India) pp:8, 9, 25, 26, 35(ex 5, 6, 7, 8), 37 (ex 23, 24, 25, 58 - 60 (for continuity &
Convexity))pp:125 & 126, 129 - 137.
12) Convex Analysis: An Introductory Text - J. Van Tid, John Wiley, New York.

35
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - VI (Mathematics)

MAT 312: Practical-1(Based on MAT307, MAT308)

Hours: 6 /week Credits: 2.5

List of Practicals
Unit I
1. The mutual relation between polar and Cartesian co-ordinate system in R2.
Transformation of equations from one system to another system.
2. The mutual relation among Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical co-ordinate system in R3.
Transformation of equations from one system to another system.
3. Problems on Sphere.

Unit II
1. Problems on Cone.
2. Problems on Cylinder.

Unit III
1. Definition and evaluation of Riemann integrals by various methods
2. Verifying MVTs and problems based on Fundamental Theorem of Integration
3. Convergence of infinite series of positive terms
4. Absolute convergence, root and ratio tests using limit inferior and superior

Unit IV
5. Power Series, radius of convergence
6. Improper integrals
7. Power series expansion of functions.
8. Power series solutions of differential equations

36
B.Sc. Mathematics Gujarat University

Syllabus for Semester - VI (Mathematics)

MAT 312: Practical (Based on MAT309, MAT310)

Practicals

Unit I
1) Metric spaces, examples
2) Uniform convergence of sequences
3) Uniform convergence of series, term by term differentiation and integration
4) Multiplication of power series
Unit II
5) Properties of exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions
6) Problems based on Compact and connected spaces

The following two practicals are not from Unit II

7) Well-known examples of parametric surfaces such as Sphere, Cylinder, Cone, Torus and
special case of parametrized surface that is given as a graph of function of two variables
f(u,v) along with their special cases. Understand these surfaces and calculate their first
fundamental forms.
8) Find surface area of some regions of well-known parametrized surfaces studied in
Practical 7.

Unit III
9) Using the adjacency matrix, determine whether the given graph is connected or not.
10) Determine whether the given graph is connected or not using fusion algorithm.
11) Find a minimal spanning tree of a given connected weighted graph using Kruskal’s
algorithm.
12) Find a minimal spanning tree of a given connected weighted graph using Prim’s
algorithm.
Unit IV
13) Find a shortest path between two vertices of a given connected graph using the
Breadth First Search algorithm.
14) Find a shortest path between two vertices of a given connected graph using the Back-
tracking algorithm.
15) Find a shortest path between two vertices of a given connected weighted graph using
the Dijkstra’s algorithm.
16) Construct an Euler tour in a Euler graph using Fleury’s algorithm.

References
1) www.mathworld.com.
2) Elements of Differential Geometry - Richard S. Millman & George D. Parke, Prentice-
Hall Inc.
3) Elementary Differential Geometry - Andrew Pressley, Springer.
4) Handwritten notes by Mr. H. D. Kamat especially for practical 7 & 8.

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