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Unit 2. Expectation

The document discusses various ways to express the future in English, including using will + infinitive, going to + infinitive, shall + infinitive, the present continuous, present simple, future continuous, be + infinitive, future perfect, and future perfect continuous. It also discusses some common expressions used to talk about future meaning such as "to be about to + infinitive", "to be on the verge of/point of + gerund/noun", and "to be due to".

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Inma Puntas Serrano
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67 views

Unit 2. Expectation

The document discusses various ways to express the future in English, including using will + infinitive, going to + infinitive, shall + infinitive, the present continuous, present simple, future continuous, be + infinitive, future perfect, and future perfect continuous. It also discusses some common expressions used to talk about future meaning such as "to be about to + infinitive", "to be on the verge of/point of + gerund/noun", and "to be due to".

Uploaded by

Inma Puntas Serrano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

Expectation
Get off the beaten track - salir de las típicas rutas turísticas
Chill out - relax, wind down, calm down, chillax, take it easy
Rough it -
Get by on a shoestring budget - manage/cope with a tight budget
On a shoestring budget (tight budget)

Culture vulture - cultureta


Get back to nature
Be in the lap of luxury

Collocations wit TRAVELLER


Frequent traveller
Independent traveller
h
Packages
Seasoned traveller - experienced (practiced)
Intrepid traveller - brave/daring
Weary traveller - fatigued
Discerning traveller - exigente
Armchair traveller - without actual experience (pejorative) de salón
Inveterate traveller - habitual
Unwary traveller - trusting/unsuspecting

Practiced at [sth], practiced in [sth] = experienced in [sth]

Self-contained - independent, unsociable (persona reservada) / [sth] operating without outside


support (autónomo) / independent, separate and complete

Aspects of the future


There are many ways of expressing the future in English depending on meaning. We can use:

Will + infinitive

 to predict what is going to happen based on past experience or opinion. You must go to
India – you’ll enjoy it.

 in more formal contexts for arrangements which have been made in some detail. The tour
will begin at 9.30 and all visitors to the site will need to wear good walking shoes.

 for decisions which are made on the spur of the moment. I think I’ll go to Paris next
weekend.

Going to + infinitive

 to predict something that you have evidence for. Look at those clouds – I’m sure it’s
going to rain.
 to express intentions or decisions. I’m going to see the Museum of Modern Art when I get
to New York.

Shall + infinitive

 to talk about the future instead of will with I and we, although it is used less nowadays
than previously. I shall certainly travel first class next time I go abroad.

 For offers. Shall I carry your bags?

Present continuous

 to talk about activities or events which have already been arranged or are definite. The
future continuous can also be used in this context. It is a little more formal.
I’m travelling on the Orient Express to Venice. I’ll be travelling on the Orient Express to
Venice.

 to avoid going to + go we can use the present continuous form of go instead. He’s going
climbing in the Alps next summer.

 for surprising or unexpected events. Paula is taking her mother on her honeymoon!

Present simple

 to talk about future events such as a timetable or programme. The train for Burnley leaves
at 5.00 sharp every Friday evening.

  in temporal clauses after a time conjunction. When you arrive in Beijing, go directly to
the hotel and I’ll meet you in the lobby.

Future continuous

 to talk about something that is going on at a particular time or over a particular period
in the future. The ship will be travelling at 20 knots as it cruises in the Caribbean.
  for something that has been arranged previously. Luisa will be visiting us again in
the fall.
  when you want to appear very polite. Will you be needing anything to drink, Sir?

Be + infinitive

 for official notices, newspaper reports, formal instructions and to give orders.
Passengers are to leave by the rear door of the aircraft.

Future perfect

 to say when something will be completed by. I hope they will have finished the
building work on the hotel before we go on holiday.

Future and perfect continuous


 to emphasize how long something has been going on for by a particular point in the
future. The airline will have been carrying passengers for fifty years at the end of
March.

Note that this tense isn’t used with stative verbs, e.g. see, believe, hear, know,
become, etc.

Expressions

There are various expressions in English that are used to express future meaning. These
include:
- to be about to + infinitive: something will happen in the very near future. More
informal use, everyday situations, and spoken English. Some apps are about to
disappear from the market. Scientists say they are about to find a vaccine.

- to be on the verge of/point of + gerund/noun: something will happen very soon.


Estar al borde de/estar a punto de. South Africa appears to be on the verge of a civil
war. He has the look of a drowning man and seems to be on the point of
strangulation.

- to be bound to + infinitive: de seguro/seguramente/es fijo que.

- to be certain to + infinitive: Seguro de.

- to be likely to: something will probably happen. We can also use it + be + likely that
+ clause. Probable.

- to be unlikely to: something probably not happen. We can also use it + be + unlikely
that + clause. Improbable o poco probable.

- to be on the brink of + noun: something will happen very soon. More formal use,
usually in written English. Estar a punto de.

- to be due to: things that are planned or expected to happen. The secretary is due to
arrive in Montreal tomorrow morning. Previsto.

Exercises

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