Introduction For Python

Programming
Chapter 1 : DEC40092 (Computer Vision Programming)
What is Python?
Intro

Started by Guido van Rossum to express ideas in fewer lines of code without
reducing any readability.

Python is slower than C/C++ but easily extended with C/C++.

C++ code working in background using Python wrapper as in Python modules.

1.1 Remember features of Python
environment

Simple - no need specific IDE to run Object Oriented - python creating and using classes and
objects are downright easy
Free and Open Source - no charge, easy download
Extensible - can write other language (eg: C++) in Python
High Level Language - can be understable by human / code
English look-alike
Embeddable - can put system into different states, set
Portable - Can be run on any platform configurations and test all sort of real-world use cases
(Win/Linux/MacOS)
Extensive Libraries - huge collection libraries all over
Interpreted - because it goes through an interpreter internet
which turn code into computer language
1.2 Install Python
Windows - 7, 8.x, 10

Linux - Raspberry Pi, Odroid, so many

SBC on markets

Mac - OS X, MacOS

Others - AIX, IBM i, iOS, iPadOS,

OS/390, z/OS, Solaris, VMS, HP-UX
31.59%
Popularity Worldwide
Write a simple
Python program
“This is a super-important quote”

- From an expert
This is the most
important takeaway
that everyone has to
remember…..
1.3 Understand syntax in Python
1.3.1 Identify the basic syntax in Python

Identifier - An identifier is a name given to entities like Quotation - can be use as comment or also represent as
class, functions, variable, etc. It helps to differentiate string
one entity from another
Comments - as a reference but not included into our
Reserved Words created programming code

Lines and Indentation - to define a block of code Multiple statements - similar to multi-line statements
but this is how to make multiple line statements into a
Multi-line statement - to make it easier to write and read single line.
if the statements are too long
Docstring - short for documentation string
Identifier (The rules)

Identifiers can be a combination of letters in lowercase Python is a case-sensitive language

(a to z) or uppercase (A to Z) or digits (0 to 9) or an
underscore _. Names like myClass, var_1 and Using underscore for multiple words is allowed but can’t
print_this_to_screen, all are valid examples. use it as the first character. This is because to
differentiate either it is a docstring or not.
An identifier cannot start with a digit. 1variable is invalid,
but variable1 is a valid name. 36 keywords cannot be used as identifiers.

Cannot use special symbols like !, @, #, $, % etc. in our

identifier.

An identifier can be of any length.

Reserved Words

Additional : exec

All the keywords except True, False and None

are in lowercase and they must be written as
they are.
Lines and Indentation (1/2)

Generally using four (4) whitespaces OR tabs.

Lines and Indentation (2/2)

Also can be ignored in line continuation

Multi-line statement

Example 1 : using backslash \ Example 2 : using parentheses ( ) , brackets [ ]

and braces { }
Quotation

Single Quote ‘ OR Double Quote “

Comments

Multiple line of comment using # Multiple line of comment using ‘’’ or “””
Multiple statements
1.4 Identify basic structure in
Python
1.4.1 Explain the data types in Python
Numbers

int - positive or negative whole numbers (without a fractional part)

float - any real number with floating point

complex - a number with a real and imaginary component

OUTPUT:
Strings (1/2)

a collection of one or more characters put in single '___' , double ''___" or triple quotes '''___'''
Strings (2/2)

OUTPUT :
List (1/2)

A collection which is ordered and changeable.

Allow duplicate members.

Items separated by commas ; are enclosed

within brackets [ ].

All items in a list do not to be of the same type.

List (2/2)
Tuple (1/2)

A collection which is ordered and unchangeable.

Allow duplicate members.

Items separated by commas ; are enclosed

within parentheses ( ).

All items in a list do not to be of the same type.

Used to write-protect data and are usually faster

than list as they cannot change dynamically.
Tuple (2/2)
Dictionary (1/2)

A collection which is unordered, changeable

and indexed.

No duplicate members.

Defines within braces { } with each item being a

pair in the form key:value.

Key and value can be of any type.

Dictionary (2/2)

OUTPUT :
1.4.2 Explain basic operators in Python

Arithmetic Operators

Comparison / Relational Operators

Assignment Operators

Bitwise Operators

Membership Operators

Identity Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Comparison / Relational Operators (1/2)
Comparison / Relational Operators (2/2)
Assignment Operators
Bitwise Operators
Membership Operators (1/2)

to test whether a value or variable is found in a

sequence (string, list, set and dictionary)
Membership Operators (2/2)
The best way to fix
bug by print out the
value...
1.4.3 Explain program control in Python

Decision making Looping

- if Statement Syntax - for Loop
- if...else Statements Syntax - range() function
- if...elif...else Statements Syntax - for Loop with else
- Nested if Statements - while Loop
- while Loop with else
Python interprets : - loop with break statements
1. non-zero values as True - loop with continue statements
2. None and 0 are interpreted as False
if Statements Syntax
if...else Statement Syntax
if...elif..else Statement Syntax
Nested if Statements

Draw the flowchart...

for Loop
range() function (1/3)

also can be define the start, stop and step size

as range(start, stop,step_size) .

step_size defaults to 1 if not provided.

range() function (2/3)

Example 1: Output example 1:

range() function (3/3)

Example 2: Output example 2:

for Loop with else (1/2)

the keyword break can be used to stop a for

loop.

Example 1: Output example 1:

for Loop with else (2/2)

Example 2: Output example 2:

while Loop (1/2)

used to iterate over a block of code as long as

the test expression (condition) is true
while Loop (2/2)

Output:
while Loop with else

can be terminated with break statement Output:

loop with break statement (1/2)

terminates the loop containing it

loop with break statement (2/2)

Example: Output:
loop with continue statement (1/2)

to skip the rest of the code inside a loop for the

current iteration only
loop with continue statement (2/2)

Example: Output:
1.4.4 Describe modules in Python

To break down large programs into small Python Built-in Modules - type help (‘modules’)
manageable and organized files. in command prompt OR in IDLE.

Modules provide reusability. - OS Module

- Sys Module
a. import statement from Statement - Math Module
b. from .. import * Statement - Statistics Module
- Collection Module
- Random Module
Examples the usage of module

Python File - example.py Python Module - example (without extension)

import statement from Statement

Example: Output:

Example (import by renaming):

from .. import * Statement

Example 1: Example 3:

Example 2:
1.4.5 Functions (1/2)

Types of functions:

1. Built-in functions - Function that are built

into Python
2. User-defined functions - Functions defined
by the users themselves
1.4.5 Functions (2/2)

Scope and Lifetime of variables:

Output:
Advantages of user-defined functions (1/2)

Help to decompose a large program into small Example:

segments

Function can be used to include those codes

and execute when needed by calling that
function if code is repeated in a program

Can divide the workload by making different

functions
Advantages of user-defined functions (2/2)

Example to call function: Output:

Function arguments (1/3)

Example 1: Output 1:
Function arguments (2/3)

Any error?
Input Function

Try this: Output:

age = input(“What is your age : “)

print (“Your age is ” + age + “ years old”)
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