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AutoZine Technical School - Engine Dept

The document discusses various technologies for improving engine performance and efficiency, including variable valve timing, forced induction, multi-valve cylinder heads, alternative fuels, and materials. It covers topics like cam-changing VVT systems, turbocharging, direct injection, hybrid and electric vehicles.

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apcyrino
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22 views

AutoZine Technical School - Engine Dept

The document discusses various technologies for improving engine performance and efficiency, including variable valve timing, forced induction, multi-valve cylinder heads, alternative fuels, and materials. It covers topics like cam-changing VVT systems, turbocharging, direct injection, hybrid and electric vehicles.

Uploaded by

apcyrino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AUTOZINE TECHNICAL SCHOOL

Department of Engine

Power Boosting Technology

Variable-valve timing (VVT)


Basic Principles
VVT's benefit to fuel consumption and emission
Different systems:
1. Cam-changing VVT - e.g. Honda 3-stage VTEC, Nissan VVL
2. Cam-phasing VVT - e.g. BMW Vanos / Double Vanos, Toyota VVT-i
3. Cam-changing + Cam-phasing VVT - e.g. Toyota VVTL-i, Porsche Variocam Plus, Honda i-VTEC, Audi
Valvelift, Mercedes Camtronic, GM iVLC
4. Rover's unique VVC
5. Continuous variable valve lift (CVVL) - e.g. BMW Valvetronic, Nissan VVEL, Toyota Valvematic
6. Electrohydraulic valve control - e.g. Fiat Multiair

Intake and exhaust


Tuned intake manifold
Variable intake manifold
Variable length intake manifold
3-stage variable length intake manifold
Continuous variable length intake manifold - e.g. BMW DIVA

Resonance intake manifold - e.g. Porsche VarioRam


Tuned exhaust & variable back-pressure exhaust

Multi-valve engines
History
Advantages and Disadvantages
Solutions - e.g. Toyota T-VIS
Number of Valves - 3, 4, 5 or more

Forced induction
Ram Air Intake
Supercharging
Roots type supercharger
Eaton TVS supercharger
Lysholm (screw type) supercharger
Centrifugal supercharger

Turbocharging
Overview

Light pressure turbo


Variable turbine geometry (VTG)
Twin-turbo
Parallel Twin-turbo
Sequential Twin-turbo
2-Stage Variable Twin-turbo

Twin-scroll turbo
Cross-bank turbocharging - BMW twin-turbo V8 as example
Turbo + Supercharger - e.g. Volkswagen Twincharger

Ignition
Twin-spark plug

Compression ratio
Variable Compression - Saab SVC
High Compression engines - Mazda Skyactiv-G

Green Technology

Petrol
Lean burn engine
Direct injection by stratified charge - Mitsubishi GDI
Direct injection by EGR - Renault IDE
Mercedes 3-valve approach to cut cold start emission
Honda ULEV and ZLEV engines
Mazda Miller Cycle engine
Throttleless engines - BMW Valvetronic
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (including EGR by means of VVT)

Diesel
Modern diesel engines
Common-rail direct injection diesel engines
PSA Particle Filter

Alternative fuel
Electric cars
Hybrid cars
Toyota Prius
Honda Insight

Fuel Cell cars - Mercedes NECAR 4


Engine Packaging
Volkswagen VR6 and W-engines
First generation VR6
Second generation, 24-valve VR6

W12 engine
W16 engine
W8 engine
W18 engine

Advanced materials
Aluminum head and block
Plastic or magnesium intake manifolds
Aluminum pistons and cylinder liners (including Nikasil and FRM)
Titanium connecting rods
Forged components

Engine Smoothness
Introduction and basic theory
Inline 2-cylinder engines
Inline 3-cylinder engines
Inline 4-cylinder engines (versus boxer-4)
Inline 5-cylinder engines
Inline 6-cylinder engines
V6 engines
V8 engines - flat-plane and cross-plane crank
V10 engines
V12 engines
All horizontally opposed (boxer) engines
Volkswagen VR6, W12 and W16
Volkswagen W8

Copyright© 1997-2014 by Mark Wan @ AutoZine

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