SOUTHERN LEYTE STATE UNIVERSITY – MAIN CAMPUS

SOGOD, SOUTHERN LEYTE

INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

MA. RHADEL ANN LUZON – TALAGUIT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INSTRUCTOR
• COURSE OVERVIEW

Course No. GeE - 111

Course Code
Descriptive Title Living in the IT Era
School Year/Term AY 2020 – 2021 First Semester
Mode of Delivery Modular Instruction (self – Paced Approach)
Name of Instructor/ Professor
MA. RHADEL ANN LUZON TALAGUIT

Course Description Living in the IT Era is a science, culture and ethics of

information technology, its influence on modern living and
human relationships, and uses for personal, professional, and
social advancement. This course include ICT Policies and
safety issues, media and technology in various content areas,
utilize appropriate traditional an innovate technologies
considering social, ethical and legal responsibility.

Course Outcomes CO1: Discuss learning theories and principles related to

media and technologies.

CO2: Develop and utilize the non-digital and digital tools in

delivering technology.

SLSU Vision A high quality corporate University of Science, Technology

and Innovations.

SLSU Mission SLSU will

 Develop Science, Technology and Innovation leaders and
professionals;
 Produce high – impact technologies from research and
innovations;
 Contribute to sustainable development through
responsive community engagement programs;
 Generate revenues to be self – sufficient and financially –
viable;
• MODULE GUIDE

In this module, you will learn to understand and explain the Information and
Communication Technology and the role of technology in media and how it affects
communication. As we go along with our discussion, specific issues in the Information Technology
and its effects in the society will also be discussed. You also be required to make a proposal which
is you are going to choose a machines that are in line with your major and you are going to make
a proposal using the new technology through automation.

This module is divided into 10 separate topics:

Information and Communication Technology: An Overview
IT versus ICT
Evolution of Technology
History of Computer
Components of a computer
Why computers are powerful
Classifying computers
Digital Age, Information Age, and Computer Age.
Media in Digital Age.
Evolution of Media

• LEARNING PLAN

Make proposal on how the manual machines turns into automatic using the new
technology today.

• INTRODUCTION

Information technology (IT) and its increasing dominance in everyday life have
established it is a discontinuous innovation, one that establishes new behaviour patterns
and transforms old ones in our daily environments, including vacations, travel, and
leisure time. The internet, television, mobile phones, computer-based devices and other
new forms of information technology are changing at a rapid pace with potentially
profound but also subtle influences on social life. Every one of us is so dependent on
technology that we cannot do without them.
• OPENING ACTIVITY

 Watch the video from TED.com explaining the World Wide Web.
 Video link: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-is-the-world-wide-web-
twila-camp
 How does the web reflect the society and the individuals?

ANSWER: OPENING ACTIVITY

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• KEY TO REMEMBER
ANSI – American National Standards Institute
CPU – Central Processing Unit
DNS – Domain Name System
GUI – Graphical User Interface
HTML – Hypertext Mark-up Language
HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
ISO – International Organization for Standardization
OOP – Object – Oriented Programming
OS – Operating System
PHP – Hypertext Pre-processor
WWW – World Wide Web
XML – Extensible Mark-up Language

• D E F I N I T I O N O F T ERMS

Android OS – is Google’s open and free software stack that includes an operating
system, middleware, and key applications for use on mobile devices such as
smartphones.
Blog Website – is an informal website consisting of time-stamped articles, or posts, in a
diary or journal format, commonly listed in reverse chronological order.
Cable modem – provides high – speed internet connections through the cable television
network. This service costs about twice as much as dial-up access.
Computer Programming Language – is a language used to write computer programs;
it involves a computer that performs some kind of computation or algorithm, and
possibly controls external devices such as printers, disk drives, etc.
Database – is a collection of data used for automated systems.

• LESSON PROPER

UNIT 1 - THE INTERNET

Is a worldwide network connecting to a million computers via dedicated routers and servers?

PLDT - (Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company)

- is the largest network company in the Philippines
Smart Communication and Digitel Mobile Philippines are collaborating with PLDT
PLDT - (Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company)
- is the largest network company in the Philippines
Smart Communication and Digitel Mobile Philippines are collaborating with PLDT
Globe Telecom has acquired Bayan Telecommunication (commonly known as Bayantel or Bayan)

What is the internet?

The internet is the world’s most popular computer network. It began as an academic research
project in 1969, and became a global commercial network in the 1990s. Today it is used by more
than 2 billion people around the world.
The internet is notable for its decentralization. No one owns the internet or controls who can
connect to it. Instead, thousands of different organizations operate their own networks and
negotiate voluntary interconnection agreements.
Most people access internet content using a web browser. Indeed, the web has become so popular
that many people incorrectly treat the internet and the web as synonymous. But in reality, the
web is just one of many internet applications. Other popular Internet applications include email
and BitTorrent.

Where is the internet?

The internet has three basic parts:

•The last mile is the part of the internet that connects homes and small businesses to the internet.
Currently, about 60 percent of residential internet connections in the United States are provided
by cable TV companies such as Comcast and Time Warner. Of the remaining 40 percent, a growing
fraction use new fiber optic cables, most of which are part of Verizon’s FiOS program or AT&T’s
U-Verse. Finally, a significant but shrinking number use outdated DSL service provided over
telephone cables.
The last mile also includes the towers that allow people to access the internet with their cell
phones. Wireless internet service accounts for a large and growing share of all internet usage.
•Data centers are rooms full of servers that store user data and host online apps and content.
Some are owned by large companies such as Google and Facebook. Others are commercial
facilities that provide service to many smaller websites. Data centers have very fast internet
connections, allowing them to serve many users simultaneously. Data centers can be located
anywhere in the world, but they are often located in remote areas where land and electricity are
cheap. For example, Google, Facebook, and Microsoft have all constructed vast data centers in
Iowa.
•The backbone consists of long-distance networks — mostly on fiber optic cables — that carry
data between data centers and consumers. The backbone market is highly competitive. Backbone
providers frequently connect their networks together at internet exchange points, usually located
in major cities. Establishing a presence at IEPs makes it much easier for backbone providers to
improve their connections to others.
Cables at an Internet Exchange Point. (Fabienne Serriere)

Who created the internet?

The internet began as ARPANET, an academic research network that was funded by the military’s
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA, now DARPA). The project was led by Bob Taylor, an
ARPA administrator, and the network was built by the consulting firm of Bolt, Beranek and
Newman. It began operations in 1969.
In 1973, software engineers Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn began work on the next generation of
networking standards for the ARPANET. These standards, known as TCP/IP, became the
foundation of the modern internet. ARPANET switched to using TCP/IP on January 1, 1983.
During the 1980s, funding for the internet shifted from the military to the National Science
Foundation. The NSF funded the long-distance networks that served as the internet’s backbone
from 1981 until 1994. In 1994, the Clinton Administration turned control over the internet
backbone to the private sector. It has been privately operated and funded ever since.

The Internet: Then and Now

• ARPANET – Advance Research Projects Agency’s Wide Area Network

- was established by the US Department of Defense in the 1960
The advancement of hypertext-based technology known as World Wide Web or www or just
simply as the Web has provided the channels for displaying text graphics, animations, etc. Its
other features of enabling easy search and offering navigation tools prompted the internet’s
unpredictable world wide growth.

The Internet2 environment: Future Empowerment

• Not a for profit networking
• Where US used for research and education organizations work together and develop
advanced technology and innovative solutions
such as telemedicine, digital libraries, and virtual laboratories to assist education,
research, and community development.
• Enhanced network service , better, faster and more efficient than the typical internet or
broadband connections.
• It began operating the Internet2 DCN (dynamic circuit network) an advance technology
that allows user-based allocation of data circuits over the fiber-optic network.
• PREGINET – (Philippine Research, Education and Government Information Network
• Is among the international peers reachable via Trans-Eurasia Information Network
(TEIN)
• One of the Internet2’s peering relationships.

Internet Today: Still Growing

• Connects thousands of networks and billions of users around the world
• As of January 2018 4.021 billion internet users
What Computers Do On the Internet?
Server – computers work like electronics filing cabinets that store information and send
itwhen clients request.
Client – is a computer or device that gets information from a server.
Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS)
- A computer that holds the user accounts, computer accounts, organizational
units, and applications services.

Domain Name System – helps the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server
is a server that configures IPv4 and IPv6 addresses specifically in giving names to each IP
address up to its root recognition.
File Server – another machine that holds and manages
Print Server – a device that connects printers to client computers through the internet
Router – made up of a hardware device designed to receive, analyze, and send incoming
packets to another network.

Jobs the Internet Can Do

• To move
• Transfer
• Assign a computerized information from one place to another
• Known as the DATA

The information can be in the form of text documents, images, audio, and software
programs and among others.
The internet can handle different kinds of information and assist people to perform
various jobs – from the simple task of handling email, searching
On websites, sending chat messages to the more sophisticated function of creating
websites and programming possible through the various software programs.

How Data Travels the Internet

Data and Information are transferred around the world through wired or wireless
transmission media. In the Philippines, the transmission media that make up the internet
backbone allow information or data exchanges between networks at several locations
across the country. The high speed equipment in these site functions similarly to a
highway interchange. Data is transferred from one network to another until it reaches its
final destination (see figure below).
CIRCUIT SWITCHING

• One of the most common schemes utilized to build a communications network, such as the case
of ordinary telephone calls.
• A traditional dial-up connection to the net, in which a computer dials a telephone number to
reach the internet service provider
• This appears inefficient because browsing the internet and using the telephone at the same time
are not possible.

PACKET SWITCHING

• Most data that moves over the internet in an entirely different way.
• This is a mode of transmission in which the message is broken into smaller parts or what so
called packets which are sent independently, and then resemble at the ultimate destination.

Suppose an email is from the Philippines is sent to someone to the another country. Instead of having
a knotty circuit between the home in the Philippines and those in the mentioned countries, and sending
the email in one go, the email is “broken” into tiny pieces. Theoretically, these packets are assigned their
ultimate destination. They travel via different routes and when they reach their definitive destination,
these packets will then resemble to make the email message one and complete.

Compared to circuit switching, packet switching, therefore is much more efficient. A permanent
connection is not necessary between the two places communicating, which avoids blocking the entire
chunk of the network each time a message is sent.
Comparison between Circuit Switching and Packet Switching

• ACTIVITY 1

Answer the following questions, and upload your answers on our Google
Classroom.

1. What is Circuit Switching? Packet Switching?

2. Which is faster, Circuit Switching or Packet Switching? Explain briefly.
3. What are the switching techniques?
4. What are the advantages of and disadvantages of Packet Switching?
5. What are the advantages of and disadvantages of Circuit Switching?
What computers do on the internet?
The World Wide Web
- Is referred to as the collection of public websites that are connected to the internet
worldwide, together with the client computers which include personal computers,
laptops, iPads, and cellular phones that access its content.
Web Technologies
• Hypertext markup language(HTML) – is a standard markup language used for creating
web pages. HTML is classified as the set of markup symbols or codes appended in a file
intended for presentation on a World Wide Web browser page.
• Hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP) – is classified as the set of standards allowing users
of the World Wide Web to interchange information seen on web pages. Port 80 is the
standard port for HTTP connections.
• Web Servers and Web Browsers – is a software application for recovering, presenting,
and navigating information resources on the World Wide Web. There are different
browser applications that are currently used in the WWW such as Microsoft Edge,
Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, and more.
The World Wide Web Today

• Turned 28 years last March 12, 2017

• Retrieving the Web from large screen computers to small – screen mobile phones
Four basic stages Web works reasonably simple:

• Connection
• Request
• Response
• Close
The text is actually written in HTML format that informs the browser on how it will display
the text on the users screen.

One of the most important terms to know is the Uniform Resource Locators (URL)
which is sorted as the internet address.

Parts of the URL

 Protocol Identifier
 Indicates the protocol to use
 Domain Name
 Specifies the IP address where the resource is located
 Path
 File Name

Searching Information on the web

• Web Administrator – who maintained and the owner of the website.

– Can modify the website content as well as add new information in it.
– No single organization controls addition, deletions, and changes to all websites.

Two mainly managed search tools that people use in locating information on the web:
• Subject Directories
- Are developed and maintained by human editors and not by electronic
spiders or robots that are used to fetch web pages automatically.

• Search Engines
- Uses small programs called Spider or Bots (like Googlebot, Yahoo Slurp,
and MSNbot) that polish the internet, follows links, and return
information to the search engine’s indicator.

Googlebot

• is a web crawling software

search bot (also known as a
spider or web crawler) that
gathers the web page
information used to supply
Google search engine results
pages
(SERP). Googlebot collects
documents from the web to
build Google's search index.

Several techniques that can be used to improve web searches such as:
• Using specific words and placing the most important terms first in the search text or
phrase
• Using quotation marks to create exact phrases – this helps the search engine find what it
is looking for by using the exact sequence of words

• Listing all possible spellings, for example, organization.

Searching for webpages, many search engines allow searching for images, news
articles, and various reports in different formats

When you are trying to search a published paper or researches

Some of the most useful Google search tricks released in 2016, from basic tips to new feature.

1. Use quotes to search for an exact phrase.

By typing in the double – quotes (“) at the start and end for a certain word or phrase, Google will
provide the exact word or phrasing you need.

1. Use an asterisk within quotes to specify unknown or variable words.

The asterisk symbol (*) will provide possibilities. It is helpful, for example, if you are trying to
determine a song from its lyrics, but you forgot some of the words or if you are trying to complete a
sentence, but could not remember what it was.

Use the minus sign to eliminate results containing certain words

While the asterisk gives you possibilities, the minus sign (-) eliminates results of certain words.
Just type the minus sign prior to the word you do not want to include in the search.

Search websites for keywords

You can specify certain content, format, or files you want Google search to provide. For instance,
you want to specifically search for PDF files regarding a certain topic, simply type the keyword PDF
followed by a colon symbol (:) and the topic you are searching for.

Compare using “vs”

By using the “vs” or “versus” between two words you want to compare, Google will provide an in-
depth analysis of the two words, such as pointing out similarities and differences.

Use “DEFINE:” to search for the meaning of words – slang included

The “DEFINE:” keyword provides a dictionary definition of a word. Also, you will be able to see
etymology and a graph of its use overtime.

Search images using images.

using your mobile device’s camera, you can search for an images online by going to Google
Images, activating your camera phone and taking a picture of the image you are searching for. Google will
provide you with similar images on the web.

• CHAPTER KEY POINT

 The Internet started with so called ARPANET which was established by the US Department of
Defense in the 1960s so that military’s research unit can collaborate or partner with business and
government laboratories

 Circuit switching and packet switching are the two modes of data transmission

 Existing for almost three decades, the World Wide Web or WWW has developed a new virtual
word within a generation.

 Some websites have enhanced features to adapt to the speedily growing techniques of the user’s
way of retrieving the Web from large screen computers to small-screen mobile phones.

• ACTIVITY 2

INSTRUCTION!! READ AND UNDERSTAND!!

Make a list of your top 5 favorite websites and identify the reasons for choosing
them. Indicate how often you visit those websites, why you visit them, and how
these sites affect your daily life.

ANSWER: ACTIVITY MODULE 4

NAME: ________________________________________ COURSE YR&SEC: _________________

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