3 Happy holidays?

Starting off

1 Work in pairs. Complete the table with the words and 2 Look at the photos. Answer the questions in pairs using
phrases in the box. words and phrases from the table.
1 Have you ever been on one of these types of holiday?
backpacking a beach holiday a cabin
What did you do and where did you stay?
a city break couch-surfing a cruise
2 What might the people in the pictures do on these
going sightseeing a hotel a hostel holidays and where might they stay?
meeting new people relaxing a ski trip
3 Why would someone choose to go on each of these
sunbathing taking selfies by landmarks types of holiday?
a tour of a country trying local delicacies 4 Which type of holiday would you enjoy most? Which
would you enjoy least? Why?
holiday
types of holiday holiday activities
accommodation
Listening Part 3

• InListeningPart3,youlistentofivedifferentspeakers
talkingaboutarelatedsubject.Youmustmatcheach
speakerwithoneofeightstatementsA–H.Thereare
threeextrastatementsyoudon’tneed.

• Youwillheareachspeakertwice.

• Thisparttestsyourabilitytounderstand
avarietyofthings,includingthegeneral
ideabeingexpressed,details,attitudes,
opinionsorpurpose.

30
3
1 You will hear five short extracts in which people 2 Choose the correct option in italics.
are talking about a holiday they’ve been on. 1 When he walked / was walking home, he found a wallet
Before you listen, underline the main idea in each with a huge amount of money in it!
statement A–H. 2 When I was at school, I was spending / used to spend all
A I had a sad experience during the holiday. my free time in the library.
B The variety of activities made the holiday special. 3 As soon as Mandy was getting / got Simon’s text, she was
jumping / jumped on her bike and was riding / rode round to
C The holiday was better than I’d expected. his house to speak to him.
D It wasn’t my first time on this type of holiday. 4 When I was younger, we used to visit / were visiting our
E I was disappointed that the trip had to end. grandparents every weekend.
F I saw everything I wanted to see. 5 Luckily, we walked / were walking past a shopping centre
G Being unable to visit a place ruined my holiday. when the storm began / was beginning.
H I regret choosing the cheapest travel option. 6 My mum used to visit / was visiting lots of exotic places
when she was / was being a tour guide.
2 Now listen to the extracts. For questions 1–5,
choose from the list (A–H) in Exercise 1 what each 3 Work in pairs. Tell each other a story using the sentence
10
speaker says about their holiday. Use the letters frame below. It can be true or invented. Ask each other
only once. There are three extra letters which you questions to guess if the story is true or invented.
do not need to use.
Speaker 1 Speaker 4 One day I was …
When I … I used to … .
when suddenly … !
Speaker 2 Speaker 5
Speaker 3
When I was younger I used to go on holiday to France. One day
3 Work in groups. I was sunbathing when suddenly I saw a whale in the sea! It was
1 Speaker 1 uses the phrase off the beaten track. really there but nobody believed me.
What do you think this means?
4 Students often make spelling mistakes when adding -ed to
2 Why would someone want to visit places off the
beaten track? past tense verbs. Match the verb types with the past simple
3 Make a list of three or four places in your town or spelling rule A–D.
city that tourists might like to visit which are off 1 Verbs with one syllable ending with consonant +
the beaten track. Share them with your group. consonant. (ask, work)
2 Verbs ending with -e. (bake, live)
Grammar 3 Verbs with one syllable ending with vowel + consonant.
(skip, step)
Past simple, past continuous and used to
4 Verbs with two or more syllables ending with vowel +
consonant. (disappear, offer)
Page 165 Grammar reference 5 Verbs with two or more syllables ending with vowel +
Past simple, past continuous and used to
consonant and stressed on the final syllable.
Complete these extracts from Listening Part 3 with (admit, regret)
1
the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Then 6 Verbs ending with consonant + y. (deny, rely)
11
listen and check your answers. 7 Verbs ending with vowel + y. (annoy, stay)
1 One day, we (check out) a café in A add -d.
our old neighbourhood when we B double the final consonant and add -ed.
(start) to get a strange feeling that we’d been
C add -ed.
there before.
D remove the y and add -ied.
2 When I was a kid, my family
(travel) to Ireland by ferry. 5 Write the past simple form of the verbs in the box. One of the
words breaks the rule above in British English, but follows it
in American English. Do you know which one?

develop enjoy happen like mention occur

open plan prefer stop study travel try

Happy holidays? 31
3
Vocabulary 3 Complete the sentences with an adjective from the box.
travel, journey, trip and way More than one answer may be possible.

a(n) homeward / outward / hard / dangerous journey

1 Exam candidates often confuse the nouns travel, a business / sightseeing / shopping / day /
journey, trip and way. Look at the sentences from round / successful trip
Listening Part 3 and complete the definitions below a(n) outward / pleasant / safe / extended /
with travel, journey, trip or way. overnight journey/trip
• I had no experience of international travel, so it was
an incredible opportunity. 1 I hope you have a(n) journey.
• I always dreaded the journey because I used to get 2 I’m going on a(n) trip to Zurich,
terribly seasick. where we’re opening a new office.
• I was fortunate enough to go on a wide variety of 3 The journey wasn’t nearly as hard as
holidays, from ski trips in the winter to beach holidays the homeward one.
in the summer. 4 They’ve gone on a(n) trip, so I guess
• I felt pretty low when it was all over and I was on my they’ll come home with lots of new clothes.
way back home, though. 5 When we were in New York we took a(n)
trip to Boston. We didn’t stay long
A (1) is a journey in which you visit a
enough to visit everything, so I think we’ll go back at
place for a short time and come back again.
some point.
‘(2) ’ refers only to the route that you 6 The journey back from New York was
take to get from one place to another. quite pleasant. We took off at 10 p.m. and landed at
The noun ‘(3) ’ is a general word which 7 a.m. I slept the whole way.
means the activity of travelling.
4 Complete the questions with travel, trip or way. Then ask
Use ‘(4) ’ to talk about travelling from and answer the questions with a partner.
one place to another in general, and in reference to
distances. 1 Do you usually read blogs before
visiting a place for the first time? Why / Why not?
2 Choose the correct option in italics. 2 Have you ever been on a sightseeing ?
1 She met plenty of interesting people during her Where did you go?
weekend travel / trip to Montreal. 3 How do you usually pass the time when you’re on your
2 We stopped at the supermarket on the way / trip to the to school or work?
beach to pick up some cold drinks. 4 Some people think that business will
3 My mum and dad have booked a journey / trip to no longer be necessary because people will use video
Greece for their holiday this August. conference technology instead. Do you agree?
4 We had a successful meeting but the long journey / 5 Look at the photos. Why do people travel in these ways?
way to the client’s office was tiring Use the phrases in Exercise 3 to help you.
5 People spend far more on foreign travel / journeys than
they did 50 years ago.
6 The travel / journey to my village will take about three
hours.
7 ‘Have a good travel / trip to Budapest!’ ‘Thanks! See
you next week when I get back!’
8 I couldn’t cycle to school when I was a kid because the
journey / way was over 20 kilometres.
9 Excuse me, I’m a bit lost. Can you tell me the best
journey / way to the bus station?

32
3
Reading and Use of English Part 3 3 Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at
the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits
in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the
• InReadingandUseofEnglishPart3,youreadatextof beginning (0).
150–160wordswitheightgapsandoneexample(0).

• Youmustwritethecorrectformofthewordgivenin
CAPITALSattheendofthelineineachgap.

• Thisparttestsyourknowledgeofvocabularyandyour
abilitytoformwordsbyaddingprefixes
andsuffixesandmakingotherchanges.In
thetest,thewordswillbeamixofnouns,
adjectives,adverbsandverbs.
Danger
ahead
1 Form adjectives from these nouns and verbs by adding a
suff ix. Use a dictionary to help you. Once considered to be one of the most
(0) dangerous roads in the DANGER
world, the Yungas Road in Bolivia isn’t
noun (n) or verb (v) adjective
one for those with a fear of
(1) . With its uneven HIGH
1 nature (n) natural terrain, frequent landslides and cliffs
with drops of around 610 metres, it
2 adventure (n) would make even the most experienced
driver feel (2) . In COMFORT
3 friend (n) fact, it was said to have claimed the
lives of around 300 people per year,
earning it the nickname “Death Road”.
4 memory (n)
That, however, was not enough to
(3) people from COURAGE
5 mystery (n)
using the road. Before an
(4) route was built ALTERNATE
6 risk (n + v) in the late 2000s, it was the only way for
people to go back and forth between
7 crowd (n + v) the capital city La Paz and the town of
Coroico. The road was unique in that
8 thrill (n + v) (5) drove on the MOTOR
left-hand side in order to better judge
9 doubt (n + v) the distance between the cliff-edge and
their outer wheel, something that
(6) would have DOUBT
10 success (n) caused their passengers much stress
and anxiety.
11 remark (n + v) Nowadays, the condition of the road
has improved (7) DRAMA
12 access (n + v) and fatalities are far less frequent. It has
even become a popular tourist
(8) for cyclists, who ATTRACT
2 Form as many adjectives and adverbs as you can think
come to test their skills out on the
of in two minutes, using the nouns and verbs in the box. rough terrain.
Use suff ixes and prefixes to make positive and negative
forms. In some cases, more than one answer may be
4 Work in pairs.
possible. When you have finished, use a dictionary to
check your answers. Student A: You would really like to go cycling along the
Yungas Road. Convince your partner that it’s
artist caution colour educate emotion a good idea.
energy mass predict reason respond Student B: You really don’t want to go cycling along the
storm thought wealth Yungas Road. Convince your partner that it’s
a bad idea.
Happy holidays? 33
3
Grammar Reading and Use of English  Part 7
at, in and on in time phrases

 Page 166 Grammar reference • In Reading and Use of English Part 7, you will
at, in and on in time phrases read either one long text divided into four to
six sections, or four to six separate short texts.
1 Complete the sentences from Listening Part 3 with at, in
• The total length will be 500– 600 words.
or on.
1 When I was eighteen, my friends and I decided to go • There are ten questions which you must match
skiing Bulgaria. with the different texts or sections.
2 We sunbathed in the morning, ate a big lunch, • This part tests your ability to
went sightseeing in the afternoon and got back understand specific information,
11 p.m. every day. detail and opinion.
3 I felt pretty low when it was all over and I was
my way back, though.
1 Work in groups. You are going to read about four
2 Exam candidates often make mistakes with at, in and on people who encountered a problem during a
in time phrases. Find and correct the mistakes in these holiday. Before you read, discuss some problems
sentences. Some of the sentences are correct. that people might have on holiday.
1 I would like to travel on July because it is the perfect
time to go to the camp. 2 Read questions 1–10 carefully and identify the key
2 In weekends, he only stays at home on Sunday on the words in each question.
afternoon, because in the mornings he goes to watch Which person
the football.
1 travelled partly for the sake of someone else?
3 In the UK, most shops open in 9.00 a.m.
2 chose a holiday in order to have a new
4 I would advise you to come in the summer because experience?
the weather is great and there are many beautiful
beaches. 3 didn’t mind a mistake they made?
5 She graduated from Cambridge University at 2019. 4 had some issues with transport?
6 I prefer shopping on weekdays unless I am busy or 5 regretted a decision they made earlier in
have an appointment. the holiday?
7 The traffic makes us nervous, particularly in certain 6 provided assistance during an emergency?
times of the day when it’s rush hour. 7 was let down by their physical abilities?
8 In a typical day in the summer, we’d usually go to the 8 expected to do more of an activity?
beach at the morning and then a restaurant at the 9 visited a location for the second time?
evening. 10 found that technology was unreliable in their
location?
3 Complete these Speaking Part 1 and 4 exam questions
with the correct preposition. Then discuss the questions 3 For questions 1–10, choose from the four people
with a partner. (A–D). The people may be chosen more than once.
1 Do you prefer being active or relaxing
your free time? Why? 4 Work in pairs.
2 What do you enjoy doing the • Which traveller do you think had the worst
weekend? experience? Why?
3 Some people believe that all shops should be closed • What’s the worst holiday experience you’ve had?
Sundays. Do you agree? Why/Why
not?
4 what month would you advise
people to come and visit your town or city? Why?
5 What are some of your favourite memories from life
the 2010s?

34
3
The trip was great, but …

A Sally – The Alps

When I was younger, my husband and I used to take it

easy on holiday. First the children were too young to B Fiona – Paris
do much, and then all too soon they reached an age
when they much preferred spending time on their own, My trip to Paris was a bit disappointing. Not only did
without us. So, once they’d all gone to university, we we get soaked most days we were there, I also didn’t
opted for a week’s hiking in the Alps – just the two of get to speak much French at all. I’d been learning the
us – as this was something I’d always wanted to try. language via an app I’d downloaded in preparation for
One day we were walking up a mountain. We were the holiday, but as it turned out, I actually had no need
almost at the top, when we saw another couple further for it. Everyone in Paris spoke pretty decent English
up the path who clearly needed help. The man had and would reply in English even when I tried to speak
badly sprained his ankle. They’d been trying to call for French to them. I don’t really know whether that’s
help but there was no signal up there, and his partner because they wanted to practise, or because my French
didn’t want to leave him alone while she looked for help. was so bad! In fairness, maybe it was for the best,
We quickly hiked back down to the town and called considering that the only time I did order in French, I
an ambulance for him. They had to pick him up in a got a strawberry ice cream instead of the raspberry one
helicopter! Poor man. I thought I’d ordered. Oh well, it was still very tasty.

C Patrick – Mongolia
D Tim – Rome
I’d been planning this trip forever, mainly because
I needed some time alone, which, make no mistake, When my wife and I decided to have a baby, we
is pretty easy to come by in Mongolia. At the airport, promised ourselves that we wouldn’t stop travelling. We
I rented out a battered old jeep that had done about want our son to be well-travelled and to see the world
300,000 kilometres. I was offered a guide, which I with us before he becomes a teenager and doesn’t want
politely turned down, as I had my satellite navigation anything to do with us anymore! So when he turned
system to help me in case of emergency. Three days one, we went to Rome, the very place my wife and I
into my drive through the steppe, I came across the had been to on our honeymoon. We had a wonderful
most magnificent mountain and decided to give rock holiday relaxing, eating good food and making fantastic
climbing a go. I was struggling to catch my breath at memories. The good times came to an end when we got
times and after a few hours of climbing I realised I just to the airport on the way back and found out that our
didn’t have the strength for it. That’s when I stopped flight had been cancelled. We had to wait six hours for
and saw a snake looking up at me like I was breakfast. the next one and our baby really needed some sleep.
I expected him to attack but, fortunately, he just stared When we got home, he’d been crying for so long that
me down and I manage to escape unharmed. I realised he fell asleep straight away. Lucky, I suppose, as we
having a guide would have been better after all! needed to get some rest before work the next day!

Happy holidays? 35
3
Grammar 5 Complete the sentences with the past perfect simple or
Past perfect simple and continuous past perfect continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
1 The storm damaged the house where she
Page 166 Grammar reference (live) since she left school.
Past perfect simple and continuous 2 We (walk) up the mountain for about
three hours when suddenly it began to rain.
1 Look at the extract from Reading and Use of English 3 I (already finish) the work when she
Part 7 and answer the questions. offered to help me.
We were almost at the top, when we saw another couple 4 I (only speak) for 30 seconds when he
further up the path who clearly needed help. The man had interrupted me with a question.
badly sprained his ankle. 5 I was tired and dirty when I got home because I
1 Which of these actions happened first? (walk) in the country all afternoon.
a They saw another couple.
6 Exam candidates often make mistakes with the past
b The man sprained his ankle. perfect simple and continuous. Correct the mistakes in
2 Which verb form is used to indicate that something these sentences.
happened before something else in the past?
3 Compare the extract above with the one below. What 1 I couldn’t believe he have done such a thing.
does the sentence below suggest about when the man 2 The cat was hungry when I returned because I forgot
got injured? to feed her in the morning.
We saw another couple further up the path. The man 3 He didn’t go to London before and he found it really
badly sprained his ankle. exciting.
4 On one of my birthdays, my father had bought me a
2 Work in pairs. Find seven other examples of the past bicycle because I always wanted one.
perfect in the Reading and Use of English Part 7 texts. 5 She was 19 years old and she just finished school two
Why is the past perfect used in each case, i.e. what is the weeks earlier.
event or situation in the past simple? 6 I was tired because I have been cleaning the house the
whole day.
3 Complete the sentences with the past simple or past
perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Although we (eat) lunch only an hour
before, we were still feeling hungry.
2 I didn’t know my way around the city because I
(never be) there before.
3 When I (arrive) in Nairobi, I wasn’t
allowed into the country because I
(lose) my passport.
4 The party, which Rick (start)
organising months earlier, was a great success.
5 I (recognise) her from the
photograph, although I (never speak)
to her before.
6 He helped to raise money to repair homes which the
hurricane (damage).

4 Look at sentences a and b and answer the questions.

a The good times came to an end when we found out
that our flight had been cancelled. 7 You see this notice on an English-speaking travel
b When we got home he’d been crying for so long that he website.
fell asleep straight away.
1 Which sentence focuses on the length of time spent Reviews wanted
doing something?
2 Is the underlined verb in the past perfect simple or Your best ever holiday
past perfect continuous? We want to hear about the best holiday you’ve ever
been on. Tell us where you went, what you did there
and why you enjoyed it so much.

36
3
Speaking Part 3 • InSpeakingPart3,youandtheothercandidate
mustdiscussasituationorproblemtogetherand
Page 209 Speaking bank reachadecision.
Speaking Part 3
• Theexaminergivesyouapagewithatask
1 Work in pairs. Read the examiner’s instructions and consistingofaquestionandfivedifferentword
prompts.
look at the task. Which phrases in the box below could
you use to talk about each option? • Youhave15secondstothinkaboutthetaskand
thenyouhavetwominutestodiscussyourideas.
“I’d like you to imagine that your college has won • Theexaminerthenasksyouanotherquestion
fi rst prize in a competition – a trip for all the students. (whichisnotwrittendown)sothatyoucan
Here are some ideas for trips that students could do summariseyourthoughts.Youwillhave
and a question for you to discuss. Talk to each other oneminutetodothis.
about how these different trips could benefit the
students.” • Thisparttestsyourabilitytointeractby
exchangingideas,discussingopinions,
suggesting,agreeing,disagreeing,etc.
A city A visit to
sightseeing a museum or
tour art gallery 2 Listen to two exam candidates, Miguel and Antonia,
12
beginning this task. What benefits do they mention
for three of the options?
How could
each of these 3 In Speaking Part 3, it’s important for exam
trips benefit
students? candidates to react to each other’s ideas and
suggestions. You can do this by asking each other
questions. Complete the students’ questions with
A weekend a word or phrase from the box. Then listen again to
A visit to a
camping trip in
theme park check your answers.
the mountains
A beach about that don’t you shall think
activity day this one what about

1 we start with ?
2 How do you a sightseeing tour
might be good for students?
become more self-confident
3 this sort of activity holiday in the
become more independent mountains?
4 Yes, and they learn to be more independent
learn to work in a team because they’re away from home and their
families, think?
cope in another language
5 And the beach activity day: what
be educational ?

make a change from their everyday lives

get a real thrill
have new experiences
appreciate other cultures
learn teamwork
learn to cope with tough conditions
get away from their daily routine

Happy holidays? 37
3
6 Work in pairs. Look at the examiner’s instruction for the
4 Pronunciation: intonation (1)
second part of the task and the list of strategies (1– 6)
You can indicate that you have finished speaking, or
that you have more to say, by making your voice rise below. Then:
or fall. This is called intonation. A falling intonation • decide together which strategies would be good
shows that you have finished speaking, while a rising for this part of the task. Write Y (yes) or N (no) next to
intonation often indicates that you have more to say. each strategy.
The speaker’s voice falls or rises most on words which • give reasons for your answers.
are stressed.

4.1 Listen to these extracts from the conversation. “Now you have a minute to decide which trip the
Decide if the speaker’s voice rises or falls on the school should choose.”
13
underlined words.
1 How do you think a sightseeing tour might be 1 Talk about each of the options in turn again.
good for students? 2 Suggest which option you would choose, say why, and
2 I think you can learn a lot about architecture and ask your partner if he/she agrees.
history and things like that. 3 Agree with the first option your partner suggests.
3 Yes, and also you can visit somewhere very 4 Disagree with the first option your partner suggests,
different and learn about other cultures. say why you disagree, then suggest another option
4 What about this sort of activity holiday in the and say why.
mountains? 5 Agree with the first option your partner suggests, but
5 I think it can give young people exciting then suggest an alternative and say why.
experiences and adventures, things they don’t get 6 Disagree with everything your partner says in order to
in their everyday lives. make the discussion longer.
4.2 Work in pairs. Take turns to read sentences 7 Listen to two pairs of exam candidates, Miguel and
1–5 aloud. Antonia, and Irene and Nikolai, doing this part of the
14
4.3 Write two sentences of your own, explaining the task. Which of the strategies from Exercise 6 (1– 6) does
benefits of two of the options in the speaking task. each speaker use?
Decide which words you should stress and whether • Miguel    Antonia
your voice should rise or fall on the stressed words. • Irene and Nikolai
When you are ready, work in pairs and 8 Match the phrases (1–7) with their function (a–e). Some
• take turns to read your sentences aloud functions can be matched with more than one phrase.
• react to what your partner says with your
own ideas. 1 In my opinion, the best choice is … because …
2 I think we should choose … because …
3 What do you think?
4 Yes, I think you’re right, but … because …
5 You might be right, but I think we should also consider
… because …
6 I think … is a better option because …
7 I think your suggestion would be fine if … , but …
a suggest an option and say why
b ask your partner if they agree
c disagree with a suggestion and say why
d suggest a different option
e agree with a suggestion, but suggest a different option
and say why
5 Work in pairs. Do the first part of the task.
9 Now work in pairs and do the second part of the task
• Ask each other the questions from (Speaking)
using phrases from Exercise 8.
Exercise 3.
• Talk about each of the options from the speaking task
in turn. Take two minutes to do this.
• Try to use the words and phrases from the box in
(Speaking) Exercise 1.

38
3
Writing Part2:Areport
Excursion to London
Page 198 Writing bank Purposes of trip
A report
On 2nd April, our class (1) took / was taking a break
from normal lessons and (2) has gone / went on
• WhenwritingareportforWritingPart2: a day trip to London. The purpose of our visit
- youshouldgiveitatitle. (3) was / had been to ride on the London Eye in the
- youcandivideitintosectionsandgiveeachsection morning and then do a tour of the Globe Theatre,
aheading(thefirstandlastsectionscouldbe which was made to replace the building that (4)
IntroductionandConclusion). has been / had been Shakespeare's theatre, in the
- makesuggestionsandrecommendations(if afternoon.
requiredbythetask).
- makesurethatyouanswerallpartsofthetask. What we did
We (5) rode / were riding for about half an hour on
• Thiswritingquestiontestsyourabilityto
the London Eye, which is a giant wheel. Fortunately,
organiseandexpressinformationand
the weather was good, so we (6) were / have been
makerecommendationsorsuggestions.
able to see views across the whole of London. After
lunch and a walk along the South Bank, we
(7) took / have taken a guided tour of Shakespeare's
1 A report is a factual description of events or a situation. Globe Theatre, where the guide explained how
Read this writing task and underline the things you the theatre (8) was operating / had operated in
must deal with in your report. Shakespeare's time and how the theatre works
nowadays.
• the words you must use to start your report
• the two elements you must include in your report Comments
• where the report will appear, so that you know who is
The excursion (9) was / has been excellent because
going to read it.
the two activities (10) were / had been extremely
interesting and very different, so everyone
You recently made a one-day excursion with your class (11) enjoyed / had enjoyed something. Also, we
to a local place of interest. Now the director of your (12) learnt / have learnt a lot. The day was well
college has asked you to write a report about it for planned, and we (13) had / have had plenty of
senior teachers to read. You should explain what you opportunities to practise our English outside the
did and say why you think the day was a success. classroom, which I think the class (14) found / was
Write your report. fi nding very motivating.

2 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions about the writing 4 Read the report again and answer the questions.
task, then decide which ideas you would like to include 1 Does the report have a title?
in your answer. 2 How many sections does the report have? How do we
• Where did you go, and what was the purpose of the know what each section is about?
excursion? (You may have to invent these details: the 3 How many purposes of the excursion does Sandra
excursion could be a visit to a theatre or museum, mention?
a day in the country, a visit to a sporting event, or 4 What reasons does Sandra give for the day being a
something else.) success?
• When did you go, and what did you do and/or see?
• What reasons can you think of to explain why the day 5 Work in pairs. Write a plan for the writing task in
was a success? Exercise 1. Decide:

3 Sandra is studying English near London. Read her report • what title you will give the report
and choose the correct options in italics. • how many sections you need
• what section headings you want to use
• what each section will contain.

6 Write your report. Use Sandra’s report in Exercise 3 as a

model. You should write between 140–190 words.

Happy holidays? 39
4 Food, glorious food
C D
B
A

1
It looks and feels like meat. In fact it is meat, although
it’s never been near a living, breathing animal. Instead,
it’s grown from stem cells in a laboratory. It will
replace meat from farm animals in your diet.
2
Starting off You’ll just select what you want to eat
from the control panel
of the computer. All your snacks will
be printed in front of you
1 Look at the photos. Do you know what these kinds of food as the ingredients are built up in laye
rs. You’ll be able to print
out a chocolate biscuit or a beef burg
are? Match the photos A–E with the words in the box. er in seconds.

algae artifi cial beef 3D-printed food 3

Many companies have started to look underwater in
GM foods insects the quest for alternative food sources. These green-
coloured aquatic organisms are said to be high in
2 Match the descriptions 1–5 with the words in Exercise 1. Omega-3, which helps to reduce the risk of heart-
related illnesses. Expect it to be flying off the shelves
3 Work in groups. Discuss the questions. of a supermarket near you in the not too distant future.
• Which foods in Exercises 1 and 2 would you be happy
to try? 4 Genetic modification already exists in some of the food we
e-editing tool CRISPR /
• Which would you absolutely refuse to try? consume. However, by using the gen
lop this even further.
• Which foods do you think are the most helpful for CAS-9, scientists are now able to deve
off to producing peaches
addressing environmental problems? Why? From preventing apples from going
for extending
• Do you think there are any disadvantages or risks with that don’t bruise, it could pave the way
ent shelf-life.
any of these foods? perishable goods way beyond their curr
5
While some cultures have been consuming these small
Reading and Use of English Part 6 creatures for centuries, it might not be long before the
whole world is tucking into a delicious maggot salad or
grasshopper pasta. High in protein, they require far less
• Read the text carefully before you look at the gaps, so water to produce than farmed meat, meaning that they’re
you know what each paragraph is about. not just good for our health, but the environment, too.
• Look at the words on either side of the gap and make
sure the sentence you choose makes sense. 1 You are going to read an article about 3D-printed food.
• Identify words and phrases in the sentences Before you read, write three things you would like to
which refer to something in the article, such know about 3D-printed food.
as it, this, them, etc. to help you.
2 Now read the article quickly, ignoring the gaps. Try to
40 find answers to the points you wrote in Exercise 1.
4
3 Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A–G the one which fits each gap (1–6).
There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
A Crucially, manufacturers need to ensure that their 3D E Months and months of research, not to mention hard
printers are compatible with current regulations and work, had all been leading up to what was about to come
guidelines. out of a small, needle-like component known as the
B One of the benefi ts of producing food in this way is that ‘hot end’.
it helps in the battle against food poverty and starvation F It was an intriguing concept and one that was clearly
around the world. geared towards current consumer trends.
C At fi rst glance, it was very diff icult to tell. G In actual fact, it is a phenomenon that’s driving one of
D This, as it turned out, had been the intention all along. the biggest revolutions in food production today.

What are you printing for dinner?

Stephen Wood is given a tour of Nutrition X, a cutting-edge food manufacturing plant, to see how
advances in technology will affect food production.

in front of your eyes.’ 4 The

question that remained, however,
was just how ready people were for
this kind of technology. Would this
outweigh the satisfaction of preparing
a meal yourself, and would the food
have the same taste?

To answer the latter, I was invited into

what Vanessa called the sampling
room to fi nd out how 3D-printed food
compared to ‘normal’ food. In front

A
of me were two versions of the same
pproaching the building, small cake, complete with icing and
dish, pumpkin gnocchi. I was asked to
it wasn’t exactly what I’d decorations. Within minutes, sounds
envisaged such a high-tech of applause fi lled the room – mission note down which was which. 5
food manufacturing plant to look accomplished, I thought. Now all that Both were very colourful and even
like. The building’s facade, with its was left was to bake it. had the same fork markings on them.
old-fashioned brickwork and endless I then tasted both and wrote down
You’d be forgiven for thinking that my answer on the card provided and
streams of smoke pouring out of the
3D-printed food was pure fantasy,
industrial pipes, was like something handed it to Vanessa. She simply
dreamt up by science fiction writers.
out of the 19th century. 1 ‘We smiled and said, ‘Just make sure you
3 However, much of the
inform your readers that you couldn’t
wanted to pay tribute to the iconic technology was originally developed
manufacturing plants of the past,’ tell the difference.’
for space travel, helping astronauts to
explained Vanessa Stephenson, head prepare meals quickly at the touch of a The last stop on my tour was a small
of communications and my tour guide button, so it’s perhaps no surprise that presentation on food safety. 6
for the day. people have such vivid images of it. It isn’t as simple as just inserting
Our fi rst port of call was the Nowadays, private companies, like the ingredients as you run the risk
laboratory. Inside, a team of scientists Nutrition X, are taking advantage of of contaminating your food with the
and software developers were huddled open-source technology and fi nding toxic chemicals present in some of the
around a device so ordinary-looking new ways to appeal to the mass machines. If done correctly, however,
it could have been mistaken for an market. ‘Imagine coming home after the possibilities are endless. It may not
old television. Apparently, I had a long day in the office,’ Vanessa be long before you are sitting down to
arrived at just the right time. 2 explained, ‘and with the simple touch a delicious meal where the chef is
The result would hopefully be a of a button, a gourmet meal appearing a computer.

Food, glorious food 41

4
Vocabulary
food, dish and meal

1 Exam candidates often confuse food, dish and meal. 3 Complete the collocations with food, dish or meal.
Complete these sentences from Reading and Use of In one case, more than one answer is correct.
English Part 6 by writing one of the words in the correct 1 a source / supply / shortage
form in the gaps. 2 fast- / organic / convenience
1 Much of the technology was originally developed 3 a(n) elaborate / simple or
for space travel, helping astronauts to prepare
quickly at the touch of a button. 4 a balanced / filling / light / heavy
2 In front of me were two versions of the same
, pumpkin gnocchi. 4 Complete the questions with meal, dish or food or
3 It isn’t as simple as just inserting ingredients as you run a collocation from Exercise 3. In some cases, more
the risk of contaminating your with than one answer may be possible.
the toxic chemicals present in some of the machines.
1 What’s your favourite type of ?
2 Correct the mistake in each sentence. 2 What do you normally order
when you’re out at a restaurant?
1 I’m quite surprised, but I’m really enjoying English
meal.  food 3 Do you enjoy eating fast-
why not?
? Why /
2 Moussaka is one of the most delicious meals you can
eat in my country. 4 How often do you buy food?
3 This beef food is really tasty, isn’t it? 5 Do you prefer cooking or simple
dishes?
4 The meal in my country is delicious.
6 Do you think that 3D-printed food will help
5 Too many people eat meals straight from the fridge,
prevent food ?
which is not always very healthy.
6 When I visit you, I could cook a food that is from my 5 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in
country. Exercise 4.
7 The cost of your holiday includes two dishes a day:
breakfast and dinner.

42
4
Grammar
so and such
 Page 167 Grammar reference
so and such

1 Complete the sentences from Reading and

Use of English Part 6 with so, such or such a.
1 Approaching the building, it wasn’t exactly
what I’d envisaged high-
tech food manufacturing plant to look like.
2 Inside, a team of scientists and software
developers were huddled around a device
ordinary-looking it could
have been mistake for an old television.
3 However, much of the technology was
originally developed for space travel,
helping astronauts to prepare meals
quickly at the touch of a button, so it’s
perhaps no surprise that people have
vivid images of it.

2 Complete the sentences with so, such or

such a(n).
1 I always enjoy visiting his house because
he makes lovely food. 4 For questions 1– 6, complete the second sentence so that it has a
2 There was much food similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not
on the table that we didn’t know where to change the word given. You must use between two and five words,
start. including the word given.
3 I don’t think eating a pizza at your place is
good idea. 1 This is the best meal I’ve ever eaten.
4 It’s difficult not to cook good food when GOOD
the ingredients are fresh. I have meal before.
5 She’s got little to say that 2 She spoke too quickly for us to understand.
most people find her rather dull.
THAT
6 It was scary film that I
couldn’t get to sleep when I went to bed. She spoke could not
understand her.
3 Exam candidates often make mistakes with
3 He was given a good grade because he gave an excellent answer
so and such. Some of these sentences are to the question.
correct. Find and correct the mistakes. ANSWERED
1 I’ll remember the meal for a long time He that he was given a
because it was such delicious. good grade.
2 I can’t study in a so much a noisy place.
4 We all felt hungry because the organisers didn’t give us
3 It was such fun for all of us to be together. enough food.
4 They’re so nice, talkative, funny people. LITTLE
5 I’m glad to see you after so long time. The organisers provided us
6 It’s difficult to get by on such a little that everyone felt hungry.
money.
7 It’s a pity that there were so few spectators 5 It was the most enjoyable party she had ever been to.
at the football match. FUN
8 There aren’t many places in this town She had never a party.
where you can listen to so good music.
6 It’s hard to sleep with such noisy neighbours.
NOISE
The neighbours that it is
hard to sleep.
Food, glorious food 43
4
Listening  Part 4

• In Listening Part 4, you listen to an interview or a conversation

and answer seven questions by choosing A, B or C.

• You hear the recording twice.

• This part tests your ability to understand main ideas,

details, opinions, attitudes and specific information.

1 Work in pairs. You will hear an interview with a woman called

Alina who runs a catering business. Before you listen, discuss
these questions.
•  Do you know anyone who works in the food industry?
• Would you like to be a chef or run your own catering business?
Why / Why not?

2 Quickly read the questions 1–7 and underline the main idea in
each one. Do not read options A–C yet.
1 Why did Alina start her business after moving from London?
A She and her husband needed to earn more money to
support their children. 3 Listen to the interview. For questions 1–7,
B The costs of starting a business were lower in her 15
choose the best answer (A, B or C).
new hometown.
C There was great interest in international food where 4 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
she went. •  Do you ever eat at street food stalls like
2 Alina decided to set up a market stall because she Alina’s? If so, what kind of street food do you
like the most? If not, where do you like to eat
A knew it would be the most cost-effective way to run her out instead?
business.
• Do you prefer your country’s own cuisine or
B was eager to get back to work again after moving from food from other countries? Which is more
London. popular in your town or city?
C thought shoppers there would be interested in her food.
• If you could set up your own food business,
3 What change did Alina make to her menu in the first few months? what type would it be and why?
A introducing some cheaper dishes
B focusing on healthy dishes Grammar
C including dishes requested by Turkish customers too and enough
4 What type of advertising did Alina find most effective?
A newspaper features  Page 168 Grammar reference
too and enough
B online advertising
C personal recommendations 1 Complete the sentences from Listening Part 4
5 When Alina moved into private catering, she found it difficult to with too, too many, too much or enough.
A find suitable workers 1 It would have been costly
B acquire a permit to start a business while we were living in
C adjust to catering for big events London.
2 People said that there was
6 How did Alina feel about catering for the Turkish ambassador? fast food at the market, so we introduced lots
A anxious about doing a good job of healthier options.
B pleased with the feedback she received 3 I then set about developing dishes that were
C amazed to have been specially selected not only affordable for customers but would
also allow me to earn money
7 What does Alina plan to do next with her business? to make a profit.
A teach Turkish cookery lessons 4 But for the first few months in the new
B open a bookshop business, I had job offers and
44 C write a cookery book not people to help.
4
4 For questions 1– 4, complete the second sentence so
that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using
the word given. Do not change the word given. You
must use between two and five words, including the
word given.
1 Few people can aff ord to eat in that restaurant.
TOO
That restaurant
most people to eat there.
2 We ran out of petrol before we reached our
destination.
ENOUGH
We did not have
our destination.
3 The news surprised her so much that she couldn’t
speak.
ASTONISHED
She the news
to speak.
4 We did not go swimming because of the cold weather.
2 Complete the sentences with too, too many, too much
WARM
or enough. Work with a partner. Decide if you agree or
The weather us
disagree with the sentences. to go swimming.
1 I’m not a big fan of Asian cuisine, like curry, as I fi nd it
a bit spicy. 5 Complete the task below.
2 Supermarkets waste food and use
plastic containers for their products.
3 Few schools spend time teaching Reviews wanted!
We want to hear about your worst
students about nutrition.
4 Energy drinks should be banned for people under
the age of 16 because they contain restaurant experience. Tell us where
sugar. you went, what the problems
5 I think people rush to prepare food and don’t dedicate were and what they can do to
time to cooking healthy, balanced
meals. improve in the future.
3 Exam candidates often make mistakes with too, too We will publish your reviews in
many, too much, enough and very. Find and correct the next month’s magazine.
mistakes in the sentences. More than one answer may Write 140 –190 words.
be possible.
1 I liked the restaurant but the food wasn’t enough.
2 Experts say that fast food is not too much good
for you.
3 I don’t have money enough to pay for your dinner.
4 We didn’t like the hotel because it wasn’t enough
comfortable.
5 The food takes too much long to prepare, so
customers become impatient.
6 Some people suff er from doing too hard work.
7 The food was not too much tasty.
8 I’m afraid the meal was too much expensive.

Food, glorious food 45

4
Speaking  Part 4 2 Complete Martyna’s and Miguel’s answers with a word
16
or phrase from the box. Then listen to check your
 Page 211 Speaking Bank
answers.
Speaking Part 4
because  but  in other words
on the other hand  then  what  which
• In Speaking Part 4, the examiner asks you questions to
find out your opinions on general topics of the task from 3 Find words or phrases in Martyna’s and Miguel’s
Speaking Part 3. answers where they:
• The examiner may also ask you to discuss questions 1 explain what they mean using different words
with the other candidate and react to ideas 2 give a reason
and opinions which they express.
3 give examples
• This part tests your ability to express and 4 balance one idea or opinion with another.
justify opinions, agree and disagree.

4 Pronunciation: grouping words and pausing (1)

1 Martyna and Miguel are answering an examiner’s When we speak, we say words in groups which form a
question in Speaking Part 4. Read their answers, meaning together, almost like one word, and we pause
ignoring the gaps, and match the words and phrases in slightly between these groups of words.
bold with the definitions a–g. Listen to Miguel and Martyna answering the
4.1
Examiner: Do you think fast food is bad for you? 17
examiner’s next question and use a ( / ) to mark
Martyna: I think it depends. I think the most where they pause. The first three have been done
important thing is to have a balanced diet, for you.
(1) you eat a variety of Examiner: How can families benefit from eating
vegetables, meat, cereals and so on. I’m not together?
sure it matters so much how long it takes to Miguel: Well, / the important thing is not eating, /
prepare, (2) I think fast food it’s spending time together / so that they
is just food which is prepared quickly. can talk about what they’ve been doing
(3) , if you just live on, during the day. They get the chance to
what’s it called, junk food, for instance exchange opinions and make plans as
hamburgers and pizzas and things like that, well, because everyone can contribute and
(4) you probably need that’s what makes a rich, meaningful family
to cut down on those and have a more life. Children learn ideas and attitudes from
balanced diet. their parents, while parents keep up to
Examiner: And Miguel, what do you think? date with their children and what they are
Miguel: I agree with Martyna. I think it’s fine to eat thinking and doing.
fast food occasionally, (5) Examiner: And Martyna, do you agree?
you have to balance it with other things Martyna: Yes, I do. And also I think people cook
like fresh fruit and vegetables (6) better when they are cooking for several
are in season and cut down people than when they are just cooking for
on dairy products and fat. Also, I think that themselves, so as a result, people who eat
(7) you eat is only one part together eat more healthily.
of a healthy lifestyle. 4.2 Work in pairs. Read Miguel’s answer aloud. While
a a solid or liquid substance obtained from animals or your partner is speaking, check where they pause
plants and used especially in cooking  fat and if the pause sounds natural.
b a combination of the correct types and amounts
of food 4.3 Look at Martyna’s and Miguel’s answers in Exercise 1
and use a ( / ) to mark where they pause. Then listen
c do or use less of something 16
again to check your answers.
d food that is unhealthy but is quick and easy to eat
e foods made from milk, such as cream, butter and 4.4 Work in pairs. Read Martyna’s and Miguel’s answers
cheese aloud.
f only eat a particular type of food
g someone’s way of living; the things that a person or
particular group of people usually do

46
4
5 Write your answer to the question in
the box in three or four sentences.
Use phrases to explain what you A café with
mean, give examples and reasons, and
balance one opinion or idea against
another. Then mark where you think
a difference!
you need to pause when you speak.
Normally, when you enter a café, you are
“How can children and young people greeted with the smell of freshly brewed coffee
be encouraged to eat healthily?”
and a (0) selection of sweet and
savoury snacks. Feline Fun is a café that goes
one step (1) where cats and
6 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and humans (2) freely.
answer the question in Exercise 5. One of the reasons why cafés like Feline Fun
are becoming so popular is the mutual
7 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and
(3) that they have for
answer the questions. both humans and cats. Researchers have (
1 How important is it for people to be 4) a link between spending
interested in the food they eat? time with animals and human well-being. The
relaxing atmosphere of a café, together with
2 Some people say that it doesn’t
the soothing presence of cats, is great for
really matter what we eat. What do
(5) stress levels.
you think?
3 Do you think parents should always Feline Fun doubles up as an animal sanctuary,
control what their children eat? Why with staff (6) a large part
/ Why not? of their time to looking after the cats. They
(7) regular workshops and
4 Some people say that all students
events to raise awareness of animal issues,
should learn to cook at school. Do
and donate the money raised to local rescue
you agree?
centres.
The café is now looking to branch out and
Reading and Use of English Part 1 plans are already in place to
(8) up a similar café for
reptiles, though they may find it harder to
• In Reading and Use of English Part 1, recruit staff!
you read a text of 150–160 words with
eight gaps and one example (0).
0 A collection B arrangement C selection D gathering
• You must choose the best option
1 A beyond B forward C ahead D further
A, B, C or D for each gap.
2 A mix B combine C join D associate
• This part tests your knowledge
3 A interests B gains C benefi ts D values
of the meanings of words, how
they are used,
4 A indicated B established C proved D recognised
collocations and the 5 A declining B falling C dropping D reducing
grammar connected 6 A applying B keeping C devoting D passing
with particular words. 7 A hold B continue C maintain D take
8 A put B set C make D give

1 You are going to read a short article 2 Read the article again and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits
about the popularity of cat cafés. each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Read the article quickly. Don’t worry
about the gaps at the moment. Why 3 Work in groups.
are cat cafés popular? • Have you ever been to a cat café? Would you like to go to one?
Why / why not?
• Have you ever been to another café that had a special theme? Describe
it to your group.

Food, glorious food 47

4
Writing Part 2: A review 1 Work in pairs. Read the Exam advice box, then read the
writing task below and underline the points you must
Page 200 Writing Bank deal with.
Writing Part 2: Review
You see this announcement in your local English-
language newspaper.
• Writing a review tests your ability to describe and give
your opinion about something you have experienced Can you recommend a local restaurant, café or
(e.g. a restaurant or a concert) and to make a snack bar? ...
recommendation to the reader. If so, why not write a review for our Food section?
Tell our readers what the place and the food are like,
• When writing a review, you should think
and say why you think everyone in the family would
about what people want to know when they
enjoy eating there.
read the review, e.g. what sort of restaurant
All reviews published will receive vouchers for a
is it? What is the food like? Is it expensive?
free meal.
Write your review.

2 Which features (a–j) do you think a review of a café or

restaurant should cover?
a the type of restaurant, café or snack bar
b the writer’s general opinion of the restaurant, café or
snack bar
c a description of its design and surroundings
d a description of the food and/or drink
e a description of the other customers
f a description of the service
g an explanation of how to get there
h a recommendation
i an indication of the price
j the location

48
4

3 A review is a good opportunity to show your range of 4 Read this writing task and note down the points you
vocabulary. Complete the table with the adjectives in must deal with.
the box. You can write some adjectives in more than
one row.
You see this announcement in your college magazine.
airy attractive cheerful colourful
Do you have a favourite restaurant, café or snack
competitive cosy delicious delightful elegant bar in your town?
exceptional exclusive fresh informative If so, why not write a review for our ‘Free Time’
modern original raw reasonable rushed section, telling us what it is like and why you would
satisfactory satisfying superb tasty recommend it to our students.
welcoming well-balanced wonderful The three best reviews will receive a prize of €50.
Write your review.

the waiters / the service

5 Write a plan for your review and make notes on what
you will put in each paragraph. Here are some things
you can cover:
the interior • introduction – the name and type of place and where
it is situated
• your overall opinion of the place
• particular dishes the place serves (and your opinion
of them)
the food and menu
• the décor, the service, etc.
• things you particularly like
• a general recommendation
the price 6 Work in pairs. Compare your plans.

7 Write your review. Write 140–190 words.

the restaurant in general

Food, glorious food 49

3 Vocabulary and
grammar review

Vocabulary 5 Paola and Antonio met for the first time at yesterday’s
party.
NEVER
1 Circle the correct word in italics in these sentences.
Paola and Antonio
1 Welcome to the Intercity Hotel. I hope you had a before yesterday’s party.
pleasant travel / journey.
2 Sarah came back from her shopping trip / journey with 6 Pablo is no longer as frightened of spiders as in the
lots of new clothes. past.
3 Among Deshawn’s many interests, he lists foreign USED
journeys / travel and climbing. Pablo frightened
4 Do you know the way / journey to the city centre? of spiders than he is now.
5 It was a long, dangerous trip / journey to the South
Pole. Word formation
6 I always stop for coffee at a café on my journey / way to
work. 3 Read this text. Use the word given in capitals at the end
7 Are you all prepared for your forthcoming trip / travel to of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in
Egypt? the same line.
8 Many of our students have quite a long travel / journey
to college each morning.
Paradise Hotel
Grammar
We had been promised an
2 For questions 1–6, complete the second sentence so that (0) exceptional holiday in a three- EXCEPT
it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the star hotel, so we made our reservation
word given. Do not change the word given. You must use despite the (1) expense CONSIDER
between two and five words, including the word given. this involved. The website said it was a
(2) three-star hotel LUXURY
1 During my visit to London, I took hundreds of photos. which promised outstanding views of
WHILE (3) mountain scenery. DRAMA
I took hundreds of photos Imagine how disappointed we felt when
London. we found that we had been given a room
2 I didn’t notice that my passport was missing until I with a view over the kitchens, which was
reached the check-in desk. completely (4) When ACCEPT
LOST we went down for dinner the first evening,
we found that the restaurant was so
When I reached the check-in desk, I noticed that
my passport. (5) that we had to wait ORGANISE
for our table even though we had booked
3 I’ve given up using the bus to go to school. in advance.
USED When we finally sat down for dinner, the
I by bus, but I’ve waitress was tired, irritable and generally
given it up. (6) . So we decided HELP
to spend the (7) days REMAIN
4 She was still at school when she passed her driving of our holiday in a quieter hotel nearby.
test.
It wasn’t as nice as our first hotel, but
GOING the view of the mountains and river was
She passed her driving test when certainly (8) to a view PREFER
school. of the kitchens!

50
Vocabulary and
grammar review 4
Vocabulary 5 Julio is not a very good cook, so he won’t get a job in
that restaurant.
ENOUGH
1 Complete this text by writing food, dish or meal in the
Julio doesn’t to
correct form in the gaps. In some gaps, more than one
get a job in that restaurant.
answer is possible.
6 We ate very late because Phil spent too much time
preparing the meal.
Last week, my friend Nigel invited me out for a TIME
(1) in a restaurant. The Phil spent
(2) was not very good though. For my first preparing the meal that we ate very late.
course, I chose a (3) called ‘Chef’s special’,
which turned out to be a kind of pizza. Generally, I’m not very
keen on fast (4) , and this
Word formation
(5) was quite disappointing because it wasn’t
very special. Nigel didn’t enjoy his (6) very 3 Read this text. Use the word given in capitals at the end
much either. Personally, I think we would have enjoyed ourselves of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in
more if I’d cooked a (7) at home – after all, I the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
had plenty of (8) in the fridge.

Changing diets
Grammar
Even in quite (0) traditional TRADITION
2 For questions 1–6, complete the second sentence so that societies, eating habits are changing.
it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the In the past, people used to prepare
word given. Do not change the word given. You must use good (1) meals from FILL
between two and five words, including the word given. fresh ingredients and what was readily
available in markets, but now
1 The food was so hot that we didn’t really enjoy it.
(2) food is becoming CONVENIENT
TOO (3) popular. Research INCREASE
The food was shows that eating some types of food
really enjoy. too often may cause health problems, so
governments and other
2 The waitress spoke so quickly that we had diff iculty
understanding her. (4) now offer ORGANISE
information about diet and nutrition
ENOUGH
in the hope that it will
The waitress didn’t speak (5) people from COURAGE
understand her
eating too much of the same thing
easily.
and have a generally more
3 We didn’t get a table at the restaurant because it was (6) diet. On the other BALANCE
too full. hand, some people argue that despite
SO the (7) of many APPEAR
The restaurant we traditional dishes from our menus, in
couldn’t get a table. general our diets are not as repetitive as
they used to be. There is a much wider
4 I asked for a second helping because the food was so (8) of products CHOOSE
delicious. available in supermarkets and other
SUCH shops than there was 20 years ago.
It was I asked for a
second helping.
51