Introduction to 8

Trigonometry
Objective Section (1 mark each)

Fill in the blanks Q. 4. The value of tan 35° + cot 78° is .............. .
Q. 1. The value of (tan 1° tan 2° ..... tan 89°) is cot 55° tan 12°
equal to ......... [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020]
[CBSE OD, Set 3, 2020]
Ans. 1
Ans. 2
Explanation :
tan 35° cot 78°

tan 1° tan 2° ....... tan 89° Explanation : +
cot 55° tan 12°
= tan 1° tan 2° ..... tan 45° ... tan 88° tan 89°
tan 35° cot (90° - 12°)
= tan 1° tan 2° .... tan 45° ... tan (90° – 2°) = +
cot (90° - 35°) tan 12°

tan (90° – 1°)
tan 35° tan 12°
= tan 1° tan 2° .... tan 45° ..... cot 2° cot 1° = + [... cot (90° – q) = tan q]
tan 35° tan 12°
[... tan (90° – q) = cot q]
= 1 + 1 = 2 Ans.
1 1
= tan 1° tan 2°..... tan 45° ... cos 80°
tan 2 ° tan 1° Q. 5. + cos 59° cosec 31° = .............. .
sin 10°

= tan 45° [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020]
= 1 Ans. Ans. 2
cos 80°
Q. 2. The value of sin 23° cos 67° + cos 23° sin 67° is Explanation : + cos 59° cosec 31°
sin 10°
........ . [CBSE OD, Set 2, 2020]
sin( 90 - 80)°
Ans. 1 = + cos 59° sec(90 – 31)°
sin 10°
Explanation : sin 23° cos 67° + cos 23° sin 67°
... =
cos q sin (90° - q)
= sin 23° cos (90° – 23°) + cos 23° sin (90° – 23°) cosec

 = q sec (90° - q) 
= sin 23°. sin 23° + cos 23°. cos 23°
sin 10°
... cos(90° - q) = sin q  = + cos 59°. sec 59°
and sin( 90° - q) = cos q  sin 10°
 
1 . . 1 
= sin2 23° + cos2 23° [... sin2 q + cos2 q = 1]
= 1 + cos 59° ×
cos 59°  . sec q = cos q 
= 1 Ans. = 1 + 1 = 2 Ans.
Q. 3. The value of sin 32° cos 58° + cos 32° sin 58°  1 
Q. 6. The value of  sin2 q +  = .......... .
is ......... [CBSE OD, Set 3, 2020]  1 + tan2 q 

Ans. 1 [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020]
Explanation : sin 32° cos 58° + cos 32° sin 58° Ans. 1
= sin 32° cos (90° – 32°) + cos 32° sin (90° – 32°) 2 1
Explanation : sin q +
= sin 32° sin 32° + cos 32° cos 32­° 1 + tan 2 q
..
 . cos( 90° - q) = sin q  2 1 ..
and sin( 90° - q) = cos q = sin q + 2 { . sec2 q = 1 + tan2 q}
  sec q

[... sin2 q + cos2 q = 1]

2
= sin2 32° + cos2 32° 2  1 
= sin q +  
= 1. Ans.  sec q 
= sin2 q + cos2 q 2 2
..  cos 55°   sin 47° 
= 1 { . sin2q + cos2q = 1} Ans. =  +  - 2 cos 60°
 cos 55°   sin 47° 
Q. 7. The value of
(1 + tan2 q) (1 – sin q) (1 + sin q) = .......... . 1  1
 ... cos 60° = 
2 2
= (1) + (1) - 2 ×
[CBSE Delhi, Set-I, 2020] 2  2
Ans. 1 =1+1–1
Explanation : (1 + tan2 q) (1 – sin q) (1 + sin q)
=1
= (1 + tan2 q) [(1)2 – (sin q)2]
.. 2 cos 67° tan 40°
= (sec2 q) (1 – sin2 q){ . sec2 q = 1 + tan2 q} Q. 9. - - cos 0° = .................
sin 23° cot 50°
1
= 2
× cos 2 q [... cos2 q = 1 – sin2 q] [CBSE Delhi, Set 3, 2020]
cos q
= 1 Ans. 0
2 cos 67° tan 40°
2 2
Explanation : − − cos 0°
 sin 35°   cos 43°  sin 23° cot 50°
Q. 8.   +  - 2 cos 60° = ........... .
 cos 55°   sin 47° 
2 cos(90 - 23)° tan(90 - 50)°
[CBSE Delhi, Set 2, 2020] = - - cos 0°
sin 23° cot 50°
Ans. 1
2 sin 23° cot 50°
2 2 = - - cos 0°
 sin 35°   cos 43°  sin 23° cot 50°

Explanation :   +  – 2 cos 60°
 cos 55°   sin 47° 
... cos(90° - q) = sin q 
2 2  
 cos(90 - 35)°   sin (90 - 43)°  – cos 60°  tan(90° - q) = cot q
= +
 cos 55°   sin 47°  = 2(1) – 1 – 1 {cos 0° = 1}
... cos(90° - q) = sin q  =2–2=0
and, sin(90° - q) = cos q
 

Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 mark each)

Q. 1. If sin A + sin2 A = 1, then find the value of
On comparing both sides, we get
the expression (cos2 A + cos4 A). A = 90° – B
[CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020] ⇒ A + B = 90°. Ans.
2
Ans. Given : sin A + sin A = 1 Q.  3. Evaluate: sin 60° + 2 tan 45° − cos 30°
2 2

⇒ sin A = 1 – sin2 A [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2019]

Ans. We know,
⇒ sin A = cos2 A
3 3
[... sin2 A + cos2 A = 1] sin 60° = , tan 45° = 1 and cos 30° =
2 2
Squaring both sides, we get \ sin2 60° + 2 tan 45° − cos2 30°
2 4
sin A = cos A 2 2
 3  3
⇒ 1– cos2 A = cos4 A =  + 2 (1) −  
 2   2 
⇒ cos2 A + cos4 A = 1 Ans.
3 3
Q. 2. If tan A = cot B, then find the value of = +2−
4 4
(A + B). [CBSE OD, Set 2, 2020]
Ans. Given : tan A = cot B =2
⇒ tan A = tan (90° – B) 3
Q.  4. If sin A = , calculate sec A.
[... tan (90° – q) = cot q] 4
[CBSE OD, Set 1, 2019]
 ∠A + ∠C  cos ∠B
3 ⇒ sin  =
Ans. Given, sin A =  2  2
4
( A + C) B
cos A = 1 − sin 2 A ⇒ sin = cos Hence Proved.
2 2
2 9 Q. 8. If x = 3 sin q and y = 4 cos q, find the value
=  3 = 1−
1−   16
 4 of 16 x 2 + 9y 2 .
[CBSE, Term 1, 2016]
7
=
Ans. Given, x = 3 sin q
16
⇒ x2 = 9 sin2 q
7 x2
⇒ cos A = ⇒ sin2 q = ...(i)
4 9
1 4 And y = 4 cos q
⇒ sec A = = ⇒ y2 = 16 cos2 q
cos A 7
y2
Q. 5. Find A if tan 2A = cot (A − 24°) ⇒ cos2 q = ...(ii)
16
[CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2019] On adding equation (i) and equation (ii),
Ans. Given, tan 2 A = cot (A − 24°) x2 y2
sin2 q + cos2 q = +
or cot (90° − 2A) = cot (A − 24°) 9 16
[ tan q = cot (90° − q)] x2 y 2
or 90° − 2A = A − 24° ⇒ 1= +
9 16
or 3A = 90° + 24° 16 x 2 + 9 y 2
⇒ 1=
or 3A = 114° 144
A = 38° ⇒ 16x2 + 9y2 = 144
Q.  6. Find the value of (sin2 33° + sin2 57°) Taking square root both sides,
[CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2019]
16 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 144
Ans. sin2 33° + sin2 57° = sin2 33° + cos2 (90° − 57°)
= sin2 33° + cos2 33° ⇒ 16 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 12
= 1 [ sin2 q + cos2 q = 1]
Q.  9. If ∆ ABC is right angled at B, what is the
Q. 7. If A, B and C are interior angles of ∆ABC, value of sin (A + C).

then prove that: sin ( A + C ) = cos B .
[CBSE, Term 1, Set 1, 2015]
2 2 Ans. ∠B = 90°[Given]
[CBSE, Term 1, 2016] We know that in ∆ABC,
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
Ans. In ∆ ABC [Angle sum property of a A
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° triangle]
⇒ ∠A + ∠C = 180° − ∠B
⇒ ∠A + ∠C + 90° = 180°
Divide by 2 on both sides,
⇒ ∠A + ∠C = 180° − 90°
∠A + ∠C 180° - ∠B
= = 90º
2 2 C B

∠A + ∠C ∠B ∴ sin (A + C) = sin 90° = 1

⇒ = 90° −
2 2 Q.  10. If 3 sin θ = cos θ, find the value of
Taking sin both sides, 3 cos2 θ +2 cos θ
.
 ∠A + ∠C   ∠B  3 cos θ + 2
⇒ sin   = sin  90° - 
 2   2  [CBSE, Term 1, Set 1, 2015]
Ans. 3 sin θ = cos θ[Given] 3 cos 2 θ + 2 cos θ cos θ ( 3 cos θ + 2)
=
sin θ 1 1 3 cos θ + 2 ( 3 cos θ + 2)
⇒ = or tan θ = = cos θ
cos θ 3 3
Put θ = 30°
⇒ tan θ = tan 30º ⇒ θ = 30º
3
Now, ⇒ cos 30º =
2

Short Answer Type Questions-I (2 marks each)

2
cot 2 a  1 − sin A 
Q. 1. Prove that 1 + = cosec a 
1 + cosec a cos A 
=  cos A 
[CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020] 1 − 
 sin A 
cot 2 a 2
Ans. Consider, L.H.S. = 1 +  cos A − sin A 
1 + cosec a  
cos A
=  sin A − cos A 
cosec 2 a - 1  
= 1+  sin A 
1 + cosec a
2
 (cos A − sin A)sin A 
[... cot2 a = cosec2 a – 1] =  
(cosec a+1) (cosec a - 1)  −(cos A − sin A)cos A 
= 1+ 2
1 + cosec a  sin A 
= −
= 1 + cosec a – 1  cos A 
= cosec a = R.H.S. Hence Proved. = [− tan A]2
Q. 2. Show that tan4 q + tan2 q = sec4 q – sec2 q = tan2 A = R.H.S.
[CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020] Hence Proved.
Ans. Consider,
Q.  4. Prove the following identity:
L.H.S. = tan4 q + tan2 q
= tan2 q (tan2 q + 1) sin 3 q + cos 3 q
= 1 − sin θ. cos θ.
= (sec2 q – 1) sec2 q sin q + cos q
[... sec2 q – tan2 q = 1] [CBSE, Term 1, Set 1, 2015]
= sec4 q – sec2 q = R.H.S. sin θ + cos 3 θ
3
Ans. L.H.S. = sin θ + cos θ
Hence Proved.
Q.  3. Prove the following identity:
2
(sin θ + cos θ)(sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ − sin θ ⋅ cos θ)
 1 − tan A  =
(sin θ + cos θ )
  = tan2 A : ∠A is acute
 1 − cot A 
[ a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 + b2 − ab)]
[CBSE, Term 1, 2016]
= 1 − sin θ. cos θ = R.H.S.
2
1 − tan A 
Ans. L.H.S. =  [ sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1]
 1 − cot A  Hence Proved.

Short Answer Type Questions-II (3 marks each)

Q. 1. If sin q + cos q = 2 , prove that tan q + cot q ⇒ sin2 q + cos2 q + 2 sin q cos q = 2
= 2. [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020]
1 + 2 sin q cos q = 2
Solution : Given : sin q + cos q = 2
[... sin2 q + cos2 q = 1]
Squaring both sides, ⇒ 2 sin q cos q = 1
2
(sin q + cos q)2 = ( 2 )
1 Q. 4. If sin q + cos q = 3 , then prove that
⇒ sin q cos q = ...(i)
2 tan q + cot q = 1 [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020]
We have to prove that tan q + cot q = 2 Ans. Given : sin q + cos q = 3
Taking L.H.S.,

To prove : tan q + cot q = 1
sin q cos q
tan q + cot q = + Proof : We have, sin q + cos q = 3
cos q sin q
Squaring both the sides, we get
sin 2 q + cos 2 q
= (sin q + cos q)2 = ( 3 )2
sin q cos q
⇒ sin2 q + cos2 q + 2 sin q cos q = 3
1 1
= = 2 = R.H.S. ⇒
1 + 2 sin q cos q = 3
sin q cos q 1 / 2
..
[ . sin2 q + cos2 q = 1]
Hence Proved. 2
⇒ sin q cos q =
2
Q. 2. If 1 + sin2 q = 3 sin q cos q, prove that tan q = 1 or
1. ⇒ sin q cos q = 1 ...(i)
[CBSE OD, Set 2, 2020]
2 Now, L.H.S. = tan q + cot q
2
Ans. Given : 1 + sin q = 3 sin q cos q sin q cos q
= +
Dividing both sides by cos2 q, we get cos q sin q
sec2 q + tan2 q = 3 tan q . . sin q cos q 
=
 . tan q cos
= ; cot q
⇒ (tan2 q + 1) + tan2 q = 3 tan q q sin q 
[... sec2 q = tan2 q + 1] sin 2 q + cos 2 q
⇒ 1+2 tan2 q = 3 tan q =
sin q cos q
⇒ 2 tan2 q – 3 tan q + 1 = 0
1 ..
⇒ 2 tan2 q – 2 tan q – tan q + 1 = 0 = [ . sin2 q + cos2 q = 1]
sin q cos q
⇒ 2 tan q (tan q – 1) – 1 (tan q – 1) = 0
1
⇒ (tan q – 1) (2 tan q – 1) = 0 = = 1 = R.H.S. [Using eq. (i)]
1
1
⇒ tan q = 1 or Hence Proved. Hence Proved.
2
Q. 5. Prove that : 2(sin6 q + cos6 q) – 3(sin4 q + cos4 q)
Q. 3. Show that :
+ 1 = 0. [CBSE Delhi, Set 2, 2020]
2 2
cos ( 45° + q) + cos ( 45° - q) Ans. To prove : 2(sin q + cos6 q) – 3(sin4 q + cos4
6
= 1.
tan( 60° + q)tan( 30° - q) q) + 1 = 0
[CBSE OD, Set 3, 2020] L.H.S. = 2(sin6 q + cos6 q) – 3(sin4 q + cos4 q)
+1
cos ( 45° + q) + cos 2 ( 45° - q)
2
Ans. L.H.S. = = 2[(sin2 q)3 + (cos2 q)3] – 3[(sin2 q)2
tan(60° + q)tan (30° - q)
+ (cos2 q)2] + 1
cos 2 {90° - ( 45° - q)} + cos 2 ( 45° - q) = 2[(sin q + cos q) – 3 sin q cos2 q (sin2 q
2 2 3 2
=
tan {90° - (30° - q)} tan (30° - q) + cos2 q)] – 3 (sin2 q + cos2 q)2 – 2 sin2 q

cos2 q] + 1
sin 2 ( 45° - q) + cos 2 ( 45 - q)
= .. 3
 . a + b =+
( a b)3 - 3 ab( a + b)
3
cot(30° - q)tan(30° - q)
 2 
2
..  a + b =+( a b)2 - 2 ab 
 . cos(90° - q) = sin q 
 tan(90° - q) = cot q
  = 2[(1)3 – 3 sin2 q cos2 q (1)] – 3[(1)2
=1 – 2 sin2 q cos2 q] + 1
= R.H.S. Hence Proved. {... sin2 q + cos2 q = 1}
= 2 [1 – 3 sin2 q cos2 q] – 3[1 – 2 sin2 q cos2 q] 1
sin 53° ×
+1 sin 53°
= (3)2 −
= 2 – 6 sin2 q cos2 – 3 + 6 sin2 q cos2 q + 1 1 1
× × tan 45° × tan 65° × tan 85°
tan 85° tan 65°
=2–3+1
=0 1
= 9 −
= R.H.S. Hence Proved. tan 45°
cot q + cosec q - 1 1 + cos q = 9 − 1 ( tan 45° = 1)
Q. 6. Prove that : =
cot q - cosec q + 1 sin q = 8
[CBSE Delhi, Set 3, 2020]
3
Q. 8. Find A and B if sin (A + 2B) = and
cot q + cosec q - 1 2
Ans. cos (A + 4B) = 0, where A and B are acute
cot q - cosec q + 1
angles. [CBSE OD, Set 2, 2019]
cot q + cosec q - (cosec 2 q - cot 2 q)
= Ans. Given,
(cot q - cosec q + 1) 3
.. sin (A + 2B) = and cos (A + 4B) = 0
[ . cosec2 q – cot2 q = 1]
(cosec q + cot q) - (cosec q + cot q)
2
(cosec q - cot q) . . 3
= sin (A + 2B) = sin 60° . sin 60° = 
(cot q - cosec q + 1)  2 
(cosec q + cot q)[1 - (cosec q - cot q)] A + 2B = 60 ...(i)
=
(cot q - cosec q + 1) and cos (A + 4B) = cos 90° ( cos 90° = 0)
(cosec q + cot q)[1 - cosec q + cot q] A + 4B = 90° ...(ii)
=
(1 - cosec q + cot q) On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
= cosec q + cot q
B = 15° and A = 30°
1 cos q
= +
sin q sin q Q.  9. Find the value of:
1 + cos q 2 2
= Hence Proved.  3 tan 41°   sin 35° sec 55° 
sin q   − 
 cot 49°   tan 10 ° tan 20 ° tan 60 ° tan 70 ° tan 80 ° 
Q. 7. Evaluate: [CBSE OD, Set 3, 2019]
2
 3 sin 43°  cos 37° cosec 53° Ans.
  − tan 5° tan 25° tan 45° tan 65° tan 85°
 cos 47°   3 tan 41° 
2
 sin 35° ⋅ sec 55° 
  −  
[CBSE OD, Set 1, 2019]  cot 49°   tan 10° ⋅ tan 20° ⋅ tan 60° ⋅ tan 70° ⋅ tan 80° 
Ans. 2
3 cot(90° - 41°)   sin 35° ⋅ cosec (90° − 55°) 
2 =   −
 3 sin 43°  cos 37° cosec 53°  cot 49°  cot(90° − 10°) ⋅ cot(90° − 20°) 
  − tan 5° tan 25° tan 45° tan 65° tan 85°  
⋅ tan 60° tan 10° ⋅ tan 80° 
 cos 47°  
2
3 cos(90° - 43°)  ..
=   . cot(90° - q) = tan q 
  
 cos 47° 
 sec(90° - q) = cosec q 
sin(90° - 37°) cosec 53°
− 2
cot(90° - 5°) cot(90° - 25°) tan 45° tan 65° tan 85°  3 cot 49°   sin 35° ⋅ cosec 35° 
2
=  − 
 cot 49°   cot 80° ⋅ cot 70° ⋅ tan 60° ⋅ tan 70° ⋅ tan 80° 
[ cos (90° − q) = sin q, sin (90° − q) = cos q,
2

 3 cos 47° 
2
cot (90° − q) = tan q]
 1 
=9−  
 tan 60° 
(... tan 60° = 3 )
=  cos 47° 
  2
 1 
sin 53° cosec 53° =9−  
−  3
cot 85° cot 65° tan 45° tan 65° tan 85°
1
= 9−
3
26
=
3
Q.  10. Prove that (sin θ + cosec θ )2 + (cos θ +
sec θ )2 = 7 + tan2 θ + cot2 θ .
[CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2019]
P = 3K, B = 4K
Ans. L.H.S. = (sin q + cosec q)2 + (cos q + sec q)2
= sin2 q + cosec2 q + 2 sin q ⋅ cosec q Now, H = P 2 + B2
+ cos2 q + sec2 q + 2 cos q sec q. 2 2
= (3K ) + ( 4K )
= sin2 q + cos2 q + cosec2 q + sec2 q
1 1 9K 2 + 16 K 2
+ 2 sin q · + 2 cos q · =
sin θ cos θ
= 1 + 1 + cot2 q + 1 + tan2 q + 4 = 25K 2
cosec2 q = 1 + cot2 q
⇒ H = 5K
sec2 q = 1 + tan2 q
P 3K 3
= 7 + tan2 q + cot2 q (R.H.S.) Hence Proved. ∴ sin θ = = =
H 5K 5
Q.  11. Prove that (1 + cot A − cosec A) (1 + tan A
+ sec A) = 2.
B 4K 4
[CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2019] and cos θ = = =
H 5K 5
Ans. L.H.S. = (1 + cot A − cosec A) (1 + tan A +
sec A) 3 4
4× − +1
4 sin θ − cos θ + 1 5 5
cos A 1  sin A 1  Now, =
 4 sin θ + cos θ − 1 4 × 3 + 4 − 1
1 +
= −  1 + + 
 sin A sin A   cos A cos A  5 5

 sin A + cos A − 1   cos A + sin A + 1   12 − 4 + 1 

=     
 sin A   cos A   5 5 
=
 12 + 4 − 1 
(sin A + cos A)2 − 1  
=
 5 5 
sin A ⋅ cos A
 12 − 4 + 5 
 
sin 2 A + cos 2 A + 2 ⋅ sin A ⋅ cos A − 1 =  5 
=  12 + 4 − 5 
sin A ⋅ cos A  
 5 
1 + 2 sin A ⋅ cos A − 1 2 sin A ⋅ cos A 13 / 5
= = =
sin A ⋅ cos A sin A ⋅ cos A 11/ 5
13
= 2 (R.H.S.) Hence Proved. =
11
 4 sin θ − cos θ + 1 
Q.  12. If 4 tan θ = 3, evaluate   Q.  13. If tan 2A = cot (A − 18°), where 2A is an
 4 sin θ + cos θ − 1  acute angle, find the value of A.
[CBSE, 2018] [CBSE, 2018]
Ans. Given, 4 tan θ = 3, Ans. Given, tan 2A = cot (A − 18°)
3 ⇒ cot (90° − 2A) = cot (A − 18°)
⇒ tan θ =
4 [ tan θ = cot (90° − θ)]
⇒ 90° − 2A = A − 18° Ans. To prove:
⇒ 90° + 18° = A + 2A sec2 q − cot2 (90 ° − q) = cos2 (90° − q)+ cos2 q.
⇒ 108° = 3A L.H.S. = sec2 q − cot2 (90° − q)
108° = sec2 q − [cot (90° − q)]2
⇒ A =
3 = sec2 q − (tan q)2
⇒ A = 36° = sec2 q − tan2 q
2
Q.  14. If sec A = , find the value of =1
3
R.H.S. = cos2(90° − θ) + cos2 θ
tan A 1 + sin A
+ = [cos (90° − θ)]2 + cos2 θ
cos A tan A
= (sin θ)2 + cos2 θ
[CBSE Term 1, 2016]
2 = sin2 θ + cos2 θ
Ans. Given, sec A = =1
3
C Hence, L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence Proved.
12
Q.  16. If sin θ = , 0° < θ < 90°, find the value of:
2 13
1
sin2 θ − cos2 θ 1
×
B A 2 sin θ ⋅ cos θ tan2 θ
3 [CBSE Term 1, Set 1, 2015]
In ∆ ABC, 12
Ans. Given, sin θ =
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 13
⇒ 22 = ( 3 )2 + BC2 P 12
⇒ =
⇒ 4 = 3 + BC2 H 13
⇒ BC2 = 4 − 3 Let, P = 12K, H = 13K
⇒ BC2 = 1 P2 + B2 = H2
\ BC = 1 [Pythagoras theorem]
1 3 (12K)2 + B2 = (13K)2
So, tan A =
; cos A = ; sin A = 1
3 2 2 144K2 + B2 = 169K2
1 1 B2 = 169K2 − 144K2 H
P
1+
tan A 1 + sin A 3 + 2 = 25K2
+ = 1
cos A tan A 3
\ B = 5K
2 3 B
\ cos θ = B = 5K = 5
3 H 13 K 13
2
= + 21
3 P 12K 12
and tan θ = = =
3 B 5K 5
2 3 3
= + sin 2 θ − cos 2 θ 1
3 2 Now, ×
2 sin θ.cos θ tan 2 θ
4+9 3
= 2 2
6  12  −  5 
   
Q.  15. Prove that:  13   13  1
= × 2
sec2 q − cot2 (90 ° − q) = cos2 (90° − q) + cos2 q 2
 12   5   12 
   
[CBSE Term 1, 2016]  13   13   5 
144 − 25 (sec 2 θ − 1) + tan 2 θ + 2 sec θ tan θ
169 25 =
= × sec 2 θ + (1 + tan 2 θ) + 2 sec θ tan θ
120 144
169 tan 2 θ + tan 2 θ + 2 sec θ tan θ
=
119 25 595 sec 2 θ + sec 2 θ + 2 sec θ tan θ
= × =
120 144 3456 ... sec 2 θ − 1 = tan 2 θ 
 
Q.  17. If sec θ + tan θ = p, prove that  ⇒ sec 2 θ = 1 + tan 2 θ 
p2 − 1
sin θ = [CBSE, Term 1, Set 1, 2015] 2 tan 2 θ + 2 sec θ tan θ
p2 + 1 =
2 sec 2 θ + 2 sec θ tan θ
p2 − 1
Ans. R.H.S. = 2 tan θ (tan θ + sec θ) tan θ
p2 + 1 = =
2 sec θ (sec θ + tan θ) sec θ
(sec θ + tan θ)2 − 1
=
(sec θ + tan θ)2 + 1 sin θ
2 2
= cos θ
= sec θ + tan θ + 2 sec θ tan θ − 1

1
sec 2 θ + tan 2 θ + 2 sec θ tan θ + 1 cos θ
[ (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab] = sin θ = L.H.S. Hence Proved.

Long Answer Type Questions (4 marks each)

1 1 1 1
Q. 1. Prove that 2
+ 2
+ 2
+ =2 [CBSE, 2019]
1 + sin q 1 + cos q 1 + sec q 1 + cosec 2 q
Topper’s Answers
Q.  2. Prove that: sin θ
=
tan q cot q cos θ + 1
+ = 1 + sec θ cosec θ
1 − cot q 1 − tan q sin θ
[CBSE OD, Set 1, 2019]
sin 2 θ
=
Ans. L.H.S. = cos θ + 1
sin θ cos θ
tan θ cot θ sin 2 θ (1 − cos θ)
+ = cos θ + sin θ = ×
1 − cot θ 1 − tan θ 1 − cos θ 1 − sin θ 1 + cos θ (1 − cos θ)
sin θ cos θ
sin 2 θ(1 − cos θ) sin 2 θ(1 − cos θ)
sin θ cos θ = =
cos θ sin θ 1 − cos 2 θ sin 2 θ
= sin θ − cos θ + cos θ − sin θ
sin 2 θ(1 − cos θ)
sin θ cos θ =
1 − cos 2 θ
sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
= + sin 2 θ(1 − cos θ)
cos θ (sin θ − cos θ) sin θ (cos θ − sin θ) =
sin 2 θ
sin 2 θ cos 2 θ = 1 − cos q...(i)
= −
cos θ (sin θ − cos θ) sin θ (sin θ − cos θ) R.H.S.
sin θ sin θ
1  sin 2 θ cos 2 θ  2 + = 2+
=  −  cot θ − cosec θ cos θ 1
sin θ − cos θ  cos θ sin θ  −
sin θ sin θ

1  sin 3 θ − cos 3 θ  sin 2 θ

=   =2+
sin θ − cos θ  cos θ ⋅ sin θ  cos θ − 1
sin 2 θ
[sin θ − cos θ] [sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ + sin θ ⋅ cos θ] =2−
= (1 − cos θ)
(sin θ − cos θ) ⋅ (cos θ ⋅ sin θ)
sin 2 θ × (1 + cos θ)
sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ + sin θ ⋅ cos θ 2−
=
= (1 − cos θ) × (1 + cos θ)
(cos θ ⋅ sin θ)
1 + sin θ ⋅ cos θ sin 2 θ(1 + cos θ)
= [ sin2 q + cos2 q = 1] = 2−
cos θ ⋅ sin θ 1 − cos 2 θ

1 sin θ ⋅ cos θ sin 2 θ (1 + cos θ)

= + 2−
=
cos θ ⋅ sin θ sin θ ⋅ cos θ sin 2 θ
= 1 + sec q. cosec q [R.H.S.] = 2 − (1 + cos q)
Hence Proved. = 1 − cos q...(ii)
Q.  3. Prove that: From equation (i) and (ii), we get
L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence Proved.
sin q sin q
= 2+
cot q + cosec q cot q − cosec q Q.  4. Prove that sin A − cos A + 1 = 1
[CBSE OD, Set 1, 2019] sin A + cos A − 1 sec A − tan A
[CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2019]
Ans. L.H.S.
sin A − cos A + 1
sin θ sin θ Ans. L.H.S. =
= sin A + cos A − 1
cot θ + cosec θ cos θ 1 Dividing the numerator and denominator
+
sin θ sin θ by cos A
= tan A − 1 + sec A =
1
tan A + 1 − sec A 1 − 2 cos 2 A
= R.H.S. Hence Proved.
(tan A + sec A) − 1
= 1
(tan A − sec A) + 1 Q.  6. If sec q = x + , x ≠ 0, find (sec q + tan q).
4x
(tan A + sec A) − (sec 2 A − tan 2 A) [CBSE Delhi, Set 3, 2019]
=
tan A − sec A + 1 Ans. Given,
1
[ sec2 A − tan2 A = 1] sec q = x + ...(i)
4x
(tan A + sec A) (1 − sec A + tan A) Squaring both sides, we get
=
(tan A − sec A + 1) 2
 1 
sec2 q = x + 
= (tan A + sec A)  4x 
(tan A − sec A) 1 1
= (tan A + sec A) ×
2
= x + + 2× x×
(tan A − sec A) 16 x 2
4x
sec 2 A − tan 2 A 2 1 1
= = x + 2
+
sec A − tan A 16 x 2
1 Also, sec2 q = 1 + tan2 q
= (R.H.S.)
sec A − tan A 2 1 1
⇒ L.H.S = R.H.S Hence Proved. \ 1 + tan2 q = x + 2
+
16 x 2
Q.  5. Prove that 2 1 1
2 2 or tan2 q = x + 2
−
tan A cosec A 1 16 x 2
+ = 2
tan A − 1 sec A − cosec A 1 − 2 cos2 A
2 2 2
 1 
= x − 
[CBSE Delhi, Set 2, 2019]  4 x
 1   1 
tan 2 A cosec 2 A ⇒ tan q =  x −  or -  − x  ...(ii)
Ans. L.H.S. = +  4 x   4x 
tan 2 A − 1 sec 2 A − cosec 2 A Now, from equation (i) and (ii)
sin 2 A 1 1 1
2
sec q + tan q = x + +x−
= cos A + sin 2 A 4x 4x
sin 2 A − cos 2 A 1 1
− = 2x
cos 2 A cos A sin 2 A
2

1 1 1 1
or   sec q + tan q = x + + −x=
sin 2 A sin 2
A 4x 4x 2x
= +
sin A − cos A sin A − cos 2 A
2 2 2
1
= .
sin 2 A ⋅ cos 2 A 2x
Hence,
1
sin 2 A cos 2 A sec q + tan q = 2x or
= + 2x
sin 2 A − cos 2 A sin 2 A − cos 2 A
3
sin 2 A + cos 2 A 1 Q.  7. Prove that: sin A − 2 sin A = tan A.
= = 2 cos 3 A − cos A
sin A − cos A sin A − cos 2 A
2 2 2

1 [CBSE, 2018]
= [ sin2 A = 1 − cos2 A]
1 − cos A − cos 2 A
2
Ans.

Topper’s Answers

sin A − 2 sin 3 A B
L.H.S. =
2 cos 3 A − cos A
sin A (1 − 2 sin 2 A)
= x 5
cos A (2 cos 2 A − 1) x

sin A (1 − 2sin 2 A)
= ×
cos A [2(1 − sin 2 A) − 1] A
C
[ cos2 A = 1 − sin2 A] [CBSE Term 1, 2016]
sin A (1 − 2sin 2 A) Ans. In ∆ ABC, by Pythagoras theorem,
= ×
( x)
2
( )
2
cos A (2 − 2 sin 2 A − 1) x+5 = + AC2
sin A (1 − 2sin 2 A) ⇒ x + 5 = x + AC2
= ×
cos A (1 − 2 sin 2 A) B

= tan A = R.H.S. Hence Proved.

Q.  8. In the ∆ABC (see figure), ∠A = right angle, x 5 x
AB = x and BC = x + 5. Evaluate
sin C. cos C. tan C + cos2 C. sin A
A
C
5
⇒ 5 = AC2 1 1 − cos A
−1
⇒ AC = 5 = cos A = cos A
1 1 + cos A
x 5 +1
\ sin C = ; cos C = ; cos A cos A
x+5 x+5
1 − cos A
x =
tan C = 1 + cos A
5
and sin A = sin 90° (1 − cos A)(1 + cos A)
=
=1 (1 + cos A)(1 + cos A)
Then, sin C cos C tan C + cos2 C sin A
1 − cos 2 A
2 =
x 5 x  5  (1 + cos A)2
= +  .1
x+5 x+5 5  x+5
sin 2 A
x 5 =
= + (1 + cos A)2
x+5 x+5 2
 sin A 
x+5 = 
=  1 + cos A 
x+5
= 1 sin A 
2
 sin A  (1 − cos A) 
cos B cos B And,   =  1 + cos A  × (1 − cos A) 
Q. 9. If = n and = m, then show that  1 + cos A    
sin A cos A
2
(m2 + n2) cos2 A = n2.  sin A(1 − cos A) 
= 
[CBSE Term 1, 2016]  1 − cos 2 A 
cos B cos B 2
Ans. Given, n = ; m=  sin A(1 − cos A) 
=  
sin A cos A  sin 2 A
cos 2 B cos 2 B 2
So, n2 = ; m 2
=  1 − cos A 
sin 2 A cos 2 A = 
 sin A 
L.H.S. = (m2 + n2) cos2 A 2
 1 cos A 
 cos 2 B cos 2 B  =  −
=  2
+ 2
2
 cos A  sin A sin A 
 cos A sin A  = (cosec A − cot A)2
(sin A cos B + cos2 A cos2 B)
2 2
= (− 1)2 [cot A − cosec A]2
= × cos 2 A
cos 2 A sin 2 A = [cot A − cosec A]2 = R.H.S.
cos 2 B(sin 2 A +cos 2 A) Hence Proved.
=
sin 2 A
2 1
cos B Q.  11. If tan (A + B) = 3 and tan (A − B) =
,
= 3
sin 2 A
where 0 < A + B < 90°, A > B, find A and B.
= n2 = R.H.S. Hence Proved. Also calculate tan A. sin (A + B) + cos A.
tan (A − B).
Q.  10. Prove that: [CBSE Term 1, Set 1, 2015]
2 Ans. Given,
sec A − 1  sin A  1
=  = (cot A − cosec A)2 tan (A + B) = 3 , tan (A − B) =
sec A + 1  1 + cos A  3
⇒ tan (A + B) = tan 60°
[CBSE Term 1, 2016]
⇒ (A + B) = 60° ...(i)
sec A − 1
Ans. L.H.S. = And, tan (A − B) = tan 30°
sec A + 1
⇒ (A − B) = 30° ...(ii)
On adding eqs. (i) & (ii), we get sin 3 A − cos 3 A
2A = 90° =
sin A ⋅ cos A
90°
⇒ A = = 45° [Using a3 − b3 = (a − b) (a2 + ab + b2)]
2
From eq. (i), A + B = 60° sin 3 A cos 3 A
−
⇒ 45°+ B = 60° 3 3 3 3
= sin A ⋅ cos A sin A ⋅ cos A
⇒ B = 15° sin A cos A
∴ A = 45°, B = 15° sin 3 A ⋅ cos 3 A
Now, tan A. sin (A + B) + cos A. tan (A − B) [Dividing Num. & Denom. by sin3 A . cos3 A]
= tan 45°. sin (60°) + cos 45°. tan (30°) sec 3 A − cosec 3 A
3 1 1 = = R.H.S.
=1× + × sec 2 A ⋅ cosec 2 A
2 2 3
Hence Proved.
3 1 6
= + × Q.  13. Prove the identity:
2 6 6
sin A + cos A sin A − cos A 2
3 6 + =
= + sin A − cos A sin A + cos A 1 − 2 cos2 A
2 6
[CBSE Term 1, Set 1, 2015]
3 3+ 6 sin A + cos A sin A − cos A
= Ans. L.H.S. = +
6 sin A − cos A sin A + cos A
Q.  12. Prove that: (sin A + cos A)2 + (sin A − cos A)2
=
(1 + cot A + tan A).(sin A − cos A) (sin A − cos A)(sin A + cos A)
sec 3 A − cosec 3 A sin 2 A + cos 2 A + 2 sin A cos A
=
sec 2 A ⋅ cosec2 A
+ sin 2 A + cos 2 A − 2 sin A cos A
[CBSE Term 1, Set 1, 2015] =
sin 2 A − cos 2 A
Ans. L.H.S. = (1 + cot A + tan A) (sin A − cos A)
1+1
 cos A sin A  = 2
= 1 + +  (sin A − cos A) 1 − cos A − cos 2 A
 sin A cos A 
... sin 2 A + cos 2 A = 1
 sin A cos A + cos 2 A + sin 2 A   
=    ⇒ sin 2 A = 1 − cos 2 A 
 sin A ⋅ cos A 
(sin A − cos A) 2
= = R.H.S. Hence Proved.
1 − 2 cos 2 A