The Functions of Participle II in the Sentence

I. Participle II as an attribute.
• a broken cup - разбитая чашка
• the problem discussed at the meeting - вопрос, обсужденный на собрании /
бсужденный на собрании вопрос
• a house built two years ago - дом, построенный два года назад/ построенный
два года назад дом
• a child properly looked after - ребенок, о котором хорошо заботятся
• things never heard of before - факты, о которых никогда не слышали прежде
• a man talked about - человек, о котором говорят/говорили
• Some of the people invited to the party can’t come. (The people have been
invited to the party; some of the people who have been invited to the party can’t
come.)
• A book taken from the library must be returned in time. Книга, взятая из
библиотеки, должна быть возвращена вовремя.
• Most of the goods made in this factory are exported. (the goods are made in this
factory).
• The police never found the money stolen in the robbery. (the money was stolen)
• A broken vase lay on the floor. A vase broken by the children lay on the floor.
• The story told by the hostess amused everybody. История, рассказанная
хозяйкой, развеселила всех.
• Why don’t we believe stories told by hunters and fishermen? Почему мы не
верим историям, рассказываемым охотниками и рыбаками?
• It is a book much talked about. Это книга, о которой много говорят. (=It is a
book which is much talked about.)
• A most unlooked-for incident occurred. (unlooked-for = unexpected, sudden-
неожиданный, непредвиденный, внезапный)
• It is an unhoped-for pleasure to see you with us again. (unhoped-for =
unexpected, sudden - внезапный, неожиданный)
• The portrait was lovely. The portrait was painted by my brother. →The portrait
which was painted by my brother was lovely. →The portrait painted by my brother
was lovely.
• Note: An attribute expressed by Participle II may be detached; in this case it
often has an additional meaning of an adverbial modifier. When Participle II or a
Participial phrase is detached, its position is not fixed. It may occupy the initial
position, the mid-position or the final position in the sentence. Detached attributes
are separated from the noun by a comma in writing and by a pause in speech.
They are confined to literary style only.
• Greatly excited, the children followed her into the garden.
• Johnson, left in charge of both officers, marched about for a little while.
• And people hurried by, hidden under their dreadful umbrellas.
• Attracted by the heart-breaking cry, the young man rushed to the river bank.
• Faced with a bill for Ј10, 000, John has taken an extra job.
• Seated at his desk, Mel put his head in his hands.
• Formed 25 years ago next month, the club is holding a party for past and present
members. (or: The club, which was formed 25 years ago next month, is holding a
party for past ...)
In formal English, that and those can be used before a participle adjective:
• The office temperature is lower than that (that = the temperature) required by
law.
• Here is some advice for those (those = people) invited to go on holiday.

II. Participle II as an adverbial modifier:

a) of time.
Participle II is introduced by the conjunction when, till, until.
• When questioned, you should answer. Когда вас спрашивают, следует
отвечать.
• When questioned, he suddenly burst into tears. (=When he was questioned, he
suddenly burst into tears.)
• She won’t stop arguing until interrupted.
• The car was stolen while parked in the street.
• He spoke when spoken to. (=He spoke when he was spoken to.)
• He is very affable when spoken to, but naturally silent. (affable - приветливый;
вежливый, любезный)
• When left to herself, she spent her time reading.

b) of condition.
Participle II is introduced by the conjunctions if, unless.
• If asked, I will keep silent about it. (=If I am asked, I will keep silent about it.)
Если меня спросят, я буду молчать об этом.
• It was clear for him that he would win if given a chance. (=It was clear for him
that he would win if he was given a chance.)
• He did not usually utter a word unless spoken to.
• If sent immediately, the telegram will certainly be delivered by eight o’clock.
• Even if posted now, the letter could not reach John till Monday.
• I shall certainly give evidence on your behalf if required.
• John will speak for hours unless interrupted.
• If asked about my plans, please say that I’ll spend my holiday in town.
• If accepted for the job, I’ll have to start at the beginning of next month. (=If I am
accepted for the job, I’ll have to start at the beginning of next month.

c) of comparison.
Participle II is introduced by the conjunctions as if or as though.
• We stood motionless as if depressed by something. (=We stood motionless as if
we were depressed by something.) Мы стояли неподвижно, как-будто были
подавлены чем-то.
• I looked at him as if surprised to see him there. (=I looked at him as if I were
surprised to see him there.
• “Does he know it?” said David Rubin, as though surprised.
• “I’ll get off the train,” he repeated as if hypnotized.
• She continued staring at the screen as if fascinated by the first sight of television.

d) of concession.
Participle II is introduced by the conjunction though, although.
• Though tired, he tried to smile. (= Though he was tired, he tried to smile.)
• Though impressed by the news, she didn’t show it.
• Though frightened, he carried it off very well. Хотя он и испугался, но не
показал вида.
• The dress was not hopelessly damaged though badly stained in one or two places.
• Although intended to be a nice surprise, the party was not what I wanted at all.
(=Although the party was intended to be a nice surprise, it was not what I wanted
at all.)
• Though asked in disarming sociability, his question was loaded. (loaded –
веский, некорректный, поставленный с целью получить определённый ответ;
содержащий более глубокое значение, чем кажется)

e) of cause.
• He kept silent for a moment surprised by my question.
• He fell asleep exhausted by his journey.
• Sent to the wrong address, the letter didn’t reach him. Так как письмо было
отправлено по неверному адресу, оно не дошло до него.

III. Participle II as a predicative.

In this function Participle II denotes a state.
• He was greatly impressed by the story.
• I didn’t feel inclined for guessing-games.
• I couldn’t get used to things changing like this.
• Jim got too depressed to listen to their talk.
• He seemed interested.
• His coat was dirty and torn.
• The window remained closed.
• He felt thoroughly disappointed.
• The poor woman sat amazed.

IV. Participle II as part of a complex object.

• I saw Jane addressed by a stranger.
• Seeing our afternoon broken, Margaret and I were cross.
• I heard these topics argued between the scientists for years.
• He wanted the work done in time. Он хотел, чтобы работа была сделана
вовремя.
• I never heard him spoken of badly. Я никогда не слышал, чтобы о нем плохо
говорили.
• We found the door locked.
• I must have my watch mended. Мне нужно починить часы.

V. Participle II as part of a complex subject/part of a compound verbal

predicate.
• The problem is considered solved.
• The door was found locked.
• The dog was found tied to a tree.
• The plant has withered (засохло) because it was left exposed to the sun. (exposed
незащищённый, открытый, подвергающийся воздействию)

VI. Participial phrase as parenthesis.

• All things considered, it would be better to lunch first. Принимая все это во
внимание, лучше, пожалуй, сперва пойти куда-нибудь закусить.

◄► Summary of Functions of Participle II ◄►

Function Example
I. an attribute: • A bird had a broken wing.
II. an adverbial modifier
a) of time: • He spoke when spoken to.
b) of condition: • He will win if given a chance.
c) of comparison: • He kept silent as if puzzled by my behaviour.
d) of concession: • Though tired, he tried to smile.
e) of cause: • He fell asleep exhausted by his journey.

III. a predicative • The book-cover is torn. Переплет книги разорван.

• I felt annoyed when he refused to help me.
IV. part of a complex object • I have never heard him spoken of badly.
• They found the treasure hidden in a cellar.

V. part of a complex subject/ part of a compound verbal predicate:

• Many houses were seen damaged.
• The door was found locked.

VI. Participial phrase as parenthesis: • It wasn’t a bad show, all things

considered. (принимая всё во внимание, в конечном счёте)

◄ Exercises ►
Exercise 1. The Functions of Participle II in the Sentence.
A. Participle II as an attribute. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. I found this broken plate in the kitchen cupboard.
2. I looked at the ceiling painted by some 18-th century artist who was now
forgotten.
3. She told me of the parcel delivered in the morning.
4. They let him know of the decision taken by the committee.
5. She was wearing a knitted cap pulled low over her eyes.
6. He had suits, and coats, and shirts made to order.
7. Spanish is one of the foreign languages taught at our University.
8. These are cities inhabited by their creators.
9. There was a big red car parked outside the house.
10. The boy injured in the accident was taken to hospital. (the boy was injured in
the accident)
11. The frozen ground was hard as stone.
12. I haven’t yet considered the question raised in your letter.
13. I searched the desk and discovered the letter hidden under a pile of papers.

An attribute expressed by Participle II may be detached; in this case it often has

an additional meaning of an adverbial modifier.
1. Alfred, left alone, stood motionless for some minutes.
2. At last the Colonel, accompanied by his two daughters, made his appearance in
the park.
3. Shocked by the poverty of my own vocabulary, I went to the library.
4. Suddenly touched, she came over to the side of his chair and kissed his cheek.
5. I went out of the court, determined to show them a good play.
6. Alison watched them, relieved and suddenly full of affection.

B. Participle II as an adverbial modifier of time. Translate the following sentences

from English into Russian.
1. When dressed, I sat a long time by the window, looking out over the silent
grounds and silvered fields.
2. When given a dictionary, he translated this article easily.
3. When asked about the accident, Tom began to cry.
4. When seen in this light, the matter doesn’t seem quite so serious.
5. When told how much the trip would cost, they decided to stay at home.
6. When challenged, he denied it.
7. When annoyed, he went to his room and locked himself in.
8. When told to go, he seemed to change his mind and left the room.
9. Lamont bowed to him when introduced.

C. Participle II as an adverbial modifier of condition. Translate the following

sentences from English into Russian.
1. If invited, I will come tomorrow.
2. He did not usually utter a word unless spoken to.
3. If taken literally, the sentence is nonsensical. (бессмысленный, абсурдный)
4. If given an opportunity, he would make a good pianist.
5. Rex assured her that the blind man was quite peaceful if left undisturbed.
6. It was clear to him that she would go back on the whole thing if given half a
chance.
7. If done prematurely (преждевременно), your move might provoke opposition.
8. It was a dreadful thing which if discovered would bring them into the police
court.
9. He had never known to refuse to see a patient at any hour or to fail to make a
house call if sent for.
10. Unless urged, he never mentioned his wound or his decoration. (to urge -
убеждать, настаивать, заставлять)

D. Participle II as an adverbial modifier of comparison. Translate the following

sentences from English into Russian.
1. He kept silent as if deeply impressed by my words.
2. She suddenly stopped as if struck by the news.
3. Her new dress fitted her as though made to her measurements.
4. The letter was illegible as though written in s hurry.
5. I looked at him as if surprised to see him there.
6. She screamed as if badly hurt.
7. “Minister?” said David Rubin, as though surprised.
8. Douglas, still smiling sweetly, as though determined to prove that he was right
reminded him of his promise.

E. Participle II as an adverbial modifier of concession. Translate the following

sentences from English into Russian.
1. Though shocked by his words, she didn’t show it.
2. Though hurt by her attitude, he didn’t utter a word.
3. Though annoyed by his failure, he continued to work hard.
4. Though deeply moved by these words, she couldn’t agree to her friend’s
suggestion.

F. Participle II as a predicative. Translate the following sentences from English

into Russian.
1. James grew more and more alarmed.
2. We were compelled to spend the night at Winchester. (to compel - заставлять,
вынуждать, принуждать)
3. A window of the hotel was lighted; he saw a shadow move across the blinds.
4. The old woman’s face was wrinkled.
5. “He is not a schoolmaster (устаревшее: школьный учитель) now. – He is
retired.”
6. All the staffs were cheap and shabby; all the furniture was cracked or broken.
7. He just seemed bored with what he was doing.
8. She did not sound convinced.
9. Freddy felt very relieved.
10. I was quite prepared for a disagreeable surprise.
11. She was not so convinced as she tried to sound.
12. It was their last reception before Easter and the house was even more crowded
than usual.
13. Finch looked suddenly detached, lost in his own thoughts.
14. I was greatly annoyed with Monica for interfering.

G. Participle II as part of a complex object. Translate the following sentences from

English into Russian.
1. Turning into Green Street, she heard her name called.
2. I have my hair cut once a month.
3. Why don’t you get your hair waved?
4. I don’t want Diana or anybody warned.
5. I want these letters typed at once.
6. I must get the parcel sent tomorrow.
7. Why don’t you have your shoes cleaned every day?
8. The police found the money hidden in s disused garage.
9. Have you ever heard this opera sung in Italian?
10. We want the work finished by Saturday.
11. Please have these letters translated into English.
12. They found the house deserted.
13. I’d like my hair waved.

H. Participle II as part of a complex subject/part of a compound verbal predicate.

Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.
1. The house was found deserted.
2. The mountains have never been seen covered with snow.
3. Dogs have often been seen killed on the roads.
I. Participial phrase as parenthesis.
1. All things considered, there was nothing to be done now.

Exercise 2. Point out Participle II and state its functions in the sentence.
1. His name was well known among the younger writers of France. 2. London, like
most cities which have a long history behind them, is not really one single city, but
rather a collection of once separated towns and villages, which in the course of
time have grown together. 3. The broad thoroughfare which runs between
Trafalgar Square and the Houses of Parliament is known as Whitehall. 4. The child
kept silent and looked frightened. 5. He lived in a little village situated at the foot
of a hill. 6. He fell asleep exhausted by his journey. 7. If you hadn’t caught sight of
him at the door, he might have slipped out unnoticed. 8. In the coppice (рощица;
подлесок) they sat down on a fallen tree. 9. Locked in her room, she flung herself
on the bed and cried bitterly. 10. She entered the drawing-room accompanied by
her husband and her father. 11. Presently I grew tired and went to bed.

Exercise 3. Особенности перевода Past Participle некоторых глаголов в функ-

ции определения.
Past Participle непереходных глаголов и некоторых английских переходных
глаголов, соответствующих русским непереходным глаголам (to follow, to
influence и др.), вфункции определения переводится на русский язык
определительным придаточным предложением.
1. The article just referred to is published in today’s newspaper (which has just
been referred to). - Статья, на которую только что ссылались, опубликована в
сегодняшней газете.
2. The students spoken about at the meeting yesterday are here now (who were
spoken about). - Студенты, о которых вчера говорили на собрании, сейчас
здесь.
3. The doctor sent for on such occasions lived in the next village (who was sent
for). - Доктор, за которым посылали в таких случаях, жил в соседней деревне.
4. The meeting attended by many of our students ended very late yesterday (which
was attended by many of our students). - Собрание, на котором присутствовали
многие наши студенты, окончилось вчера очень поздно.
5. The hot weather followed by a period of rains did a lot of good to growing crops
(=The hot weather which was followed by a period of …) - Жаркая погода, за
которой последовал период дождей, оказалась благоприятной для
произрастающих культур.
Cf.: ● Letters written by my sister are difficult to read. - Письма, написанные
моей сестрой, трудно читать.
● The letters being written by the engineer will be signed by the director. -
Письма, которые сейчас пишет этот инженер, будут подписаны директором.

Exercise 4. Место определения, выраженного причастием.

(1) Причастие с пояснительными словами в английском языке стоит только

после определяемого существительного. В русском языке оно может
стоять как после определяемого существительного, так и перед ним.
• We are discussing the article written by you. - Мы обсуждаем статью,
написанную вами; = Мы обсуждаем написанную вами статью.
• The man standing at the window is our teacher. - Мужчина, стоящий у окна,
наш преподаватель. = Стоящий у окна мужчина наш преподаватель.

(2) Причастие же без пояснительных слов обычно в английском языке

стоит перед определяемым существительным (как и в русском языке), если
выражает качество (т.е. приближается по значению к прилагательному).
• There were a few broken chairs in the room. - В комнате было несколько
сломанных стульев.
(3) Если такое причастие имеет ярко выраженное глагольное значение, оно
в английском языке обычно стоит после определяемого существительного.
При переводе на русский язык такое одиночное причастие следует ставить
перед определяемым существительным.
• The task set is very difficult. - Поставленная задача очень трудна.
• The telegram sent was signed by the director. - Отправленная телеграмма была
подписана директором.
• A cheer went up from the crowds watching. (or ...the crowds that were watching.)
• We had to pay for the rooms used. (or ...the rooms that were used.)

(4) A few participles are used immediately after nouns, but rarely before them:
• None of the candidates applying was accepted (but not ...the applying
candidates...).
• My watch was among the things taken (but not ...the taken things).
• We could not resist all of these people combined.

►►Participles like this include: taken, caused, found, provided, used, added,
obtained, combined, applying

(5) Some participles can be used before or immediately after nouns:

• Rub the area infected with this antiseptic cream, or Rub the infected area with
this antiseptic cream.

►►Participles like this include: affected, broken, chosen, identified, interested,

remaining, resulting, stolen, suggested, required

(6) The participles concerned, involved have different meanings when they are
used before a noun and immediately after it.
• The doctor concerned is on holiday. (concerned = responsible - занятый чем-л.;
связанный с чем-л.; имеющий отношение к чему-л.)
• The concerned doctor rang for an ambulance. (concerned = worried -
озабоченный)
• The party was excellent, and I’d like to thank all the people concerned
(=involved).
• Cars drive too fast past their school and concerned teachers (=worried) have
complained to the police.
• New regulations have come into force on the storage of dangerous chemicals. All
the companies concerned have been notified of these.
• I did not want to go to a club for lunch in case I met Douglas or anyone involved
(=connected with him).
• Most of the people involved in the battle are now dead.
• The boy involved has left. (the boy involved =connected with this)
• It was a very involved explanation. (involved explanation =complicated)
• persons involved - участвующие лица
• an involved problem - запутанная проблема

(7) The participle left in post-position undergoes a change of meaning and its use
becomes structurally restricted. It is found in the construction - it modifies nouns
(or pronouns) in sentence patterns with there is (are). Left in this kind of sentences
is rendered in Russian with the help of ‘осталось’.
• There was no evidence left.
• Jones sucked in more whiskey, and I warned him, “There is only a quarter of a
bottle left.”
• There is almost no time left.
• There is nothing left for him to do but wait.

Exercise 5. Replace the attributive clauses in the following sentences by phrases

with Participle II.
1. By a residential college we mean a college with a hostel which is usually
situated on the same grounds as the principal building. → By a residential college
we mean a college with a hostel usually situated on the same grounds as the
principal building.
2. The slogan which was made by Mike’s brother attracted everybody’s attention.
3. The child that was left alone in the large room began to scream. 4. I have a letter
for you which was received two days ago. 5. They were all pleased with the results
which were achieved by the end of the month. 6. His words, which he uttered in an
undertone, reached my ears. 7. He said that the book which I had chosen belonged
to his grandfather. 8. I asked the librarian to show me the magazines which were
sent from Germany. 9. Everybody felt that in the farewell dinner there was sadness
which was mingled with festivity (веселье; праздничность). 10. We were all
looking at his smiling face which was framed in the window of the railway-
carriage. 11. There was another pause which was broken by a fit of laughing of one
of the old men sitting in the first row. 12. There lay a loaf of brown bread which
was divided into two halves. 13. The English people love their green hedges
(живая изгородь, барьер, преграда) which are covered with leaf and flower in
summer, and a blaze (яркий цвет) of gold and red in autumn. 14. From his essay
we learn about various goods which are produced in Birmingham and the adjoining
manufacturing towns. 15. The teacher told us that the centre of the cotton industry
is Manchester, which is connected with Liverpool by a canal. 16. In the South of
England we find fertile valleys which are divided by numerous hedges. 17. Tennis
is one of the most popular games in England which is played all the year round. 18.
They say that in their college, as well as in ours, the students have lots of exams
which are held at the end of each term.

Exercise 6. Make one sentence from two, beginning as shown. Each time make
participial phrases with Participle II used as an attribute.
1. A boy was injured in the accident. He was taken to hospital. -
…… The boy injured in the accident was taken to hospital. …
2. A window was broken in the storm last night. It has now been repaired.
The window …………………………………………………………. repaired.
3. A number of suggestions were made at the meeting. Most of them were not very
practical. Most of the suggestions.………………………….………………… .
4. Some paintings were stolen from the museum. They haven’t been found yet.
The …………………………………………………………………………… .
5. A man was arrested by the police. What was his name?
What was the name…………………………………………………………… .

Exercise 7. Translate the following word-groups into English. Pay attention to the
place of Participle II.
иллюстрированный журнал; журнал, иллюстрированный известным
художником; разбитое стекло; стекло, разбитое накануне; сломанный
карандаш; ветка, сломанная ветром; взволнованные голоса; дети,
взволнованные происшедшим; потерянный ключ; ключ, потерянный вчера;
газеты, полученные из Лондона; письмо, написанное незнакомым почерком;
закрытая дверь; дверь, запертая изнутри; девушка, приглашенная на вечер;
упавшее дерево; книга, упавшая со стола; украденные документы;
документы, украденные у секретаря; оконченное сочинение; сочинение,
оконченное в спешке; мальчик, испуганный собакой; высокоразвитая
индустриальная страна

Exercise 8. Translate the following into English using Participle II as an attribute.

1. Мэри села на упавший ствол дерева. 2. Оркестр, видимый на экране телеви
зора в гостиной, исполнял музыку Моцарта. 3. Там было шесть коробок, туго
завернутых в старые газеты. 4. Она подошла к письменному столу и вынула
запечатанный конверт. 5. Женщина вышла из магазина и пошла к машине,
оставленной чуть ниже по улице. 6. Упавшие листья спокойно лежали в
пруду. 7. Оставшись один, я огляделся. 8. Застигнутые врасплох, они не
знали, что сказать. 9. В коробке было несколько негативов (negative), сверну-
тых в тугой виток (a tight coil).
Exercise 9. Translate the sentences into English using Participle II.
1. Я взглянул в ее испуганное лицо и увидел слезы на глазах. 2. Англия -
высокоразвитая индустриальная страна. 3. Ист Энд - район Лондона,
населенный рабочими. 4. Опавшие листья устилали (to cover) дорожки парка.
5. Окна их квартиры были ярко освещены. 6. Сколько времени хранятся
вещи, оставленные в камере хранения (left-luggage office)? 12. Тронутый ее
слезами, он изменил свое решение. 13. Директор подписал бумаги,
принесенные секретарем. 14. Вы должны выучить наизусть текст,
записанный на пленку (to record). 17. Его взгляд упал на зонтик, оставленный
кем-то на крыльце. 18. Последние строчки письма, написанные небрежно
(carelessly), показывают, что он спешил.

Exercise 10 Supply the appropriate conjunctions for the participles used as

adverbial modifiers in the following sentences (Participle II).
until though as though if if if unless even if
when when when when as if
1. He had never been known to refuse to see a patient at any hour, or to fail to
make a house call ... if … sent for. 2. The furniture was to be stored in Quebec ...
sent for. 3. She has the heart of a tigress ... roused. (выводить из себя;
раздражать) 4. A re-check, ... decided on, would take most of half an hour. 5. ...
told to go, Maxwell hesitated at the door. 6. ... released, he told me of his trouble.
7. He remembered that he should not smoke ... invited to do so. 8. “I suppose you
understand you would have to go to Canada ... engaged,” he went on. 9. Lamont
bowed to him ... introduced. 10. She stopped in the doorway ... surprised to see me
sitting there. 11. ... ordered two weeks ago, the books haven’t been delivered yet.
12. ... starved for exercise, he usually began to scrape the sidewalks with a shovel.
13. ... bored with a book, I find it difficult to leave it unfinished.

Exercise 11. Complete these sentences with the past participle form of an
appropriate verb and one of these phrases.
stolen from the jeweller; printed on the label; given to the players;
carried out on the motorway; chosen to represent Britain;
made at today’s meeting; damaged in the storm
1. The road repairs ...carried out on the motorway... might delay traffic.
2. The decisions ................................ will affect all of us.
3. The building ................................ will have to be demolished.
4. Jack Sullivan was the man ........................... in the 100 metres.
5. The warning ................................. about their behaviour on the pitch was
ignored.
6. All the rings and necklaces ........................... have now been recovered.
7. The instructions ............................... say it should only take a few minutes to
cook.

Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences into English. Participle II.
1. Дом, построенный на нашей улице, очень красив. 2. Когда его спросили, он
ответил тот час же. 3. Полученное вчера известие, напугало нас. 4. Хотя
книга была посвящена узкой теме, она представляла интерес для многих
читателей. 5. Дети играли в разрушенном коттедже. 6. Книга, взятая из
библиотеки, должна быть возвращена вовремя. 7. Он посмотрел на меня так,
словно был удивлен, видя меня здесь. 8. Было ясно, что он выиграет, если
ему будет дан шанс. 9. Хотя она была усталой, она выглядела счастливой. 10.
Она не перестанет спорить, пока ее не остановят. (to interrupt) 11. Словарь, на
который ссылаются, можно найти в нашей библиотеке. (to refer to). 12. Мы
хотели, чтобы вы посмотрели картины, написанные этим молодым
художником. 13. Романы, написанные этим писателем, очень популярны. 14.
Я думаю, что полученные сегодня утром новости, интересны всем. 15. Вы
должны выучить все слова, данные на странице 20. 16. Мы старались
передвинуть упавшее дерево. (to move). 17. Хотя статья была написана
трудным языком, ее легко можно было перевести. 18. Он показал мне ручку,
купленную в Москве. 19. Его имя было хорошо известно среди (among)
молодых писателей Франции. 20. Дети были слишком взволнованы, чтобы
сказать что–либо. 21. Он молчал, как будто напуган до смерти. 22.
Построенный на вершине холма дом, был виден издалека. 23. Когда его
спросили об этом, он не знал что ответить. 24. Нужно выбросить увядшие
цветы. (to fade - вянуть). 25. Овощи, выращенные в теплице
(hothouse/greenhouse), не очень вкусные.