CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION In the fast changing work!, information technology and information management are going. to ply an important rol. We are living in the computer age during past some year .The computer has gaining popularity, Computer revolution found is way into almost every aspect of human life and ving. A computer is admirably suited to handle any infirmation and hence is an informition processor that is, it can receive data, perform some basic operations on that data and produces resuks according to a predetermined. program. is @ web based application in which the whole records of the passenger in the vehicke ‘woukl be manage the details about diferent students which have received the books would be kept. The students woukl be able to know the books availabilty status on the basis of proper Jogin which would be provided to them The management would be able to know the whole brary status on asingle click and customized reports would be generated. 1.1BACKGROUND In the background of Vehical Sanagement System all the minual smd paper work which was done in the past woul be removed by the use the web technology diferent huge size regiter were’ use Co nitiain, The records of books and details about books issues etc. All these things woul! be software based and customize report would be generated paper work woukd be lesser. ‘This project of “VEHICLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” of gies us the comple information about the library. We can enter the record of new books and reitieve the details of books available in the Hbrary. We can sue the books to the students and maintain their records and can also check how many books are sved and stock available in the library. In this project we can mainiain the late fine of students who retums the issued books lier the due date. Throughout the project the focus has been on presenting ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagarr(MP)information and comments in an easy and inteliggble manner. The project is very useful for those who want io know about VEHICLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. -1 System Objective ‘Today's work i conpuer work becuse most of work is doing with the help of computer. Dependency on computer is behind the few reasons. We cannot easily manage to store rge number of data or information singk handle, If we will be need some information or data in urgency then we cannot manage in manually these works are very difficult if we camot use computer. 1.1.2 System Context: ‘This section clearly depicts the environment and boundaries ofthe LMS and the ents swith which it imersets, it helps us see how the system fits into the existing scheme of things. What the system will do by self and what it expects other enlities to do is ekarly delineated. 1.1.1 Functional Requirement In the background of Vehick Management System was all the manual and paper work which was done in the past woukl be removed by the use the wel) technology dillerent huge size register Were use to maintain. The records of books and details about books issues etc, All these things woukl be software based and customize repott woul be genentied paper work would be sser, ‘This project of “VEHICLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” of gives us the complete information about the Vehick. We can enter the record of new books and retrieve the details of books availible in the Hbrary. We can issue the books to the students and maintain their records and can ako check how many books are ised and stock available in the fibrary, In this project we can maintain the late fine of studemts who retums the issued books afer the due date. Throughout the project the focus has been on presenting information and comments in an easy and itteligibke manner. ‘The project is very wsefil for those who want to know about Vebicke Management System. ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagarr(MP)1.1.2Non-Funetional Requirement ‘These are quality requirement that stipulate the performance evel ‘required ‘of the systern for various kind of activate, Numerical lower and upper limits. set eonaiiéons on the response tines, acess times ote of the system, Sometimes tmadeofB are necessary among various non-fimectional Fequiremeats, 1.1.3 Future Requirement ‘These are the specifications which are not provided for now in the current version of LMS bit which could be incorported into Future versions, Some of these need ahanced technologies and interface with other system. The LMS could be designed in future to enhance the existing capabilities or add entirely new ones. 1.2 OBJECTIVES Today's world is computer Work! because most of work is doing with the help of computer, Dependency oi computer is behind the Rew reasons, We cannot easily ihinage 10 stove hinge number of data or wformution single handily. If we wil be need some information or data in urgency then we cannot manage in manually these works are very difficult if we cannot use computer, Sa the dbjective AF this project i to overcome: the limitation of the manual approach. ‘This project is started towards systematically automating all the work that is done manually at Present. Their aim is to focus following aspects: © The main objective is to automate non. computer environment © To save manpower. © It will speed the processing of data and wansaction. © It will provide all the error reporting and ftanding features, so’ that the user is wamed and made aware of any foreseen errors, Thus it will reduce the error rate, © ThWill provide varias ways thiowgh which we gorknate varius ‘types Of report ©. Itwill provide best security features such as provisions of passwords. ‘Swans Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)1.3 PROBLEM DEFINATION System and their relationships within and outside of the system, Here the key question is+ what all problems exist in the present system? What must be done to solve the problcii?: Analysis begins when a user or manager begins 2 study of the System Amasis i adetaied stody of the various operations performed by a program using exiting system ‘During analysis, data collected on the various files, decision points and transactions handled by the present system The success of the system depends largely on how clearly the problem is defined, thoroughly investigated and property carried out though the choice of solution. A good analysis model should provide not only the mechanisms of problem understanding but also the frame work of the solution. Thus it shoul be studied thoroughly by colkcting data about the system. Then the proposed system shoul! be analyaed thoroughly in accordance with the needs 1.4 PURPOSE ‘The purpose of this application is to keep the record of text in the editor properly and the different text which is issues to the activities. The avaikbility of content ean be easily mmmnaged and tex having different system of Bbrary 1.5 SCOPE “The scope of this project is to enhance the facilities avaible in the current notepad system and different seeurty measures woukl be applicable in the fiture fir the stuclent point of view and management point of view. The application would be fruitfial, ‘The different areas where ‘we can use this application are: © Any education institute can make use of it for providing information about user, content of the avaiable notepad Feature. ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)Problem Formulatio: Introduction Problem iniroduction or problem starting is the starting point of the sofiware development aetiviy. The objective of this statement to answer: Exactly whar mest the system do? The soilware project is initixted by the ctemt’s need. In the beginning, these needs are on the minds ‘of various people in the client's organization. The analyst has ta identify the requirements by tiiking to the people and understanding to their needs. It gos without saying that an accurate ‘and thrcugh uivlerstanding’ of Soflware requirement are esseitab 10 the suctess of sdfiware development effort. All firher «evelopment like system analysis. System design and coding will depends on bow accuraie and well understood the requirements are poorly analyzed ane specified software wil disappoint the user and will bring brief to the developer. No matter how ‘well designed and well appearances are ofien deceiving Chances of misinterpretation are very high, ambiguity. is probable and communication. gap between customer and developer is bound to bring conitsions, Requirements understanding begin with a‘clear and concise heading stating in semtence the task to be performed. Then requirements are deseribe in a teclinical manner precise statement, 2.1 Feasibility stud: All projects are feasible given unlimited resourves and infnite time! Unfortunately, the dévelpient of computer based system & rhore Hkely to be ilagued by @ scartity of resources and difficult delivery dates. It is both necessary and prudent to cvahuste the féasibilty of the Project at the earlist possible time. Montis or years of effort, Money oss and untold piofssional embarrassment can be averted How better understand the profeet at ts sludly time. This type of study determines if an application can and should be developed. Once it has bocn determining that, application is feasible. Affer thet analyst ean go ahead and prepares. the project specification, which finalizes project requirements. Feasibility studies are undertaken ‘within tight time constraints, ‘Swanu Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)1. Technical Feasibility Operational Feasibility Exonomie Feasibility Legal Feasibility ep 2.2 Technical Feasibility ‘As we know the technical asbilty is concemed with specifying equipinent ad. soflware tint will successflly satisfy the user requirement, The technical needs of the system may vary considerably, but might include: © The icity to produce outputs of advertisements, shopping and mailing in a given time for case of we. © Response time under certain condition is: minimal Ability 10 process a certain vohune of transaction at @ particular speed, + Faclliy to communicate data to distinct Socation. In examining the technical iasibilay, coniiguration of the system is given more importance than the actual make of hardware, The configuration shoul! give the complete picture about the system's requirements how many workstations are required, how these units are interconnected so that they coull operate and communicate smoothly, 2.3 Operational Feasibili Proposed projects are bencficil only if they can be tumed into information system that will meet the financii! management requirements of the businesslonganization. This test of feasibility asks if the system will work when it developed and installed. Are there major barriers to implementation? Some of the important questions that are usefil to fest the operational Rasibilty of a project are given below: ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagerr(MP)© Is there sufficient suppor for the project fom the implementation? From user? If the present system i well ted and used (© the extent that persons will not be able to see reasons for change, there my be resistance: © Are current business methods acceptible to the user? If they are hot, user may welcome @ change that will bring about more operational and wse‘il system # Have the user been invobed in the pling and development of the_Project? IF they. are involved at the earkost stage of project development, the chances of resistance can be possibly reduced. + Will the proposed system cause hart? Will it prodace poorer resull in any case or area? * Will the performance of stai member fill down afler implementation? tssue that * Appears to be quite minor at the early stage can grow into major probkm after Inpk mentation, 2. 4 Economical Feasibility Economic analysis the most frequently used technique Jor evaluating the effectiveness of the propased system More commonly known a5 costbenefits analysis, the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected trom the purposed system and compared with costs If benefits outweigh cost, a decision is wken to desigh and implernent the syste Otherwise, firther justieation or akernative of the proposed! system will have to be sree if it has a ehence of being approved. Ths san ongoing effort that improves in accuracy at cach phase of the system fi cycle. The analysis part abo chars the doubt of economic problems whith could be possible in developing the system As akeady mentioned that the company has wo just pay the develpped software cost and not other investment i needed at the time of implemersation of the few system as the preliminary requirements already exist in'the compasiy, 2.5 Legal Feasibility Jn the keyal easibiliy is necessary to check that the software we are going to develop is Seyally comect which means that the ideas which we have tken for the proposed system will be legally implemented ornot so, it & ako an inhportant step in Feasibility. study, ‘Swanu Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)2.6 PROBLEM SPECIFICATION ‘The defitition of our probe ies in miaml system and a filly automated system. 2.6.1 Manual System ‘The system very time consuming and lazy. This system is more prove to error and sometimes the approach to vanous problems is unstructured: 2.6.2 Technical System ‘With the advent of knest technokigy if we Uo nit update our system then otir business ‘resialt it losses gradually with time, The technical system contains the tools of latest tend i.e; computers, Printers, FAX, Intemet ste the system wilh the technology are very fist, accurate, user finally and ielible, 2.6.3 Need of Vehicle Management System Software A Vehicle Management System is a person or a compaiy who can texting and formating data are distinguished from ordinary muil services by features such as speed, security, tracking, signature, specialization and individualization of express services, and swift bidding times, which are optional for most everyday auction services: As a premium service, library are usually more expensive than usual mail services, and their use is typically restricted to issuing where one or more of these features are considered important enowgh (0 warrant the: cost 2.7 The Proposed Vehicle Management System Siw Iewil be able to rmamage inforrmation: ubout writing data in more user ffiendly. way. This systerx will manage text and Retwn resuk at various colleges... Various reports based on the data entered by einphoyee at branches ate genenited at Main Branch or Head office, These report are help il in Manpower Manageitent Decision. 2.8 Existing System ‘The Existing system comprises ofa system in which deta are to be mamally handled this i fot use fiend, ‘Swanu Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)System Architecture and Design 3.1 DEFINING ASYSTEM Collection of component, which are interconnected, and work together to realize some objective, fom a system There are three components in every system, namely input, processing and output Input Processing Output 3.1.1SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE ‘The Systems development life cycle (SDLC), or Software development process in systems engine ig, information systems and software engineering, is a pracess of ercating or altering information systems, and the models and methodologies that people use to develop these systems, In software engineering, the SDLC concept underpins many kinds of sofware development methodologies, These methodologies form the framework for planning and controlling the ercation of an information system the sofware development proce: Broadly, following are the different activities to be considered while defining. the system development fi cycle for the said project © Problem Definition © System Analysis © Study of existing system © Drawback of the existing, system © Proposed system ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)10 © System Requirement study © Data flow analysis © Feasibility. study * System design © Input Design (Database & Forms) © Updating + Report design © Administration © Testing © Inpkmeniaition © Maimenanee 3.1.2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS ‘Systems analysis is the study of sets of interacting entities, including computer systems analysis. ‘This fickl ‘is closely related! 10 requirements analysis or operations research, 11 is also “an explicit formal inquiry carried out to help someone (referred to as the decision maker) identify a better course of action and make a better decision than he might otherwise have mide. System development can generally be thought of having two major components: systems analysis and systems design. In System Analysis more emphasis is given to understanding the details ofan existing system or a proposed one and then deciding whether the proposed system is desirable or not and whether the existing system tieeds improvemerits. Thus, system analysis: is the process of investigating a system, identifying problems, and using the information to recommend improvements. to the system, ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagarr(MP)u 3.1.3SYSTEM DESIGN Systents design i the process of defning the architecture, céivylonents, madikes, inierices, ate data for a system to satisfy specified requirements, One coukl see it as the upplication of systems theory to product development. There & some overkap with the disciplines of sysiems analysis, systems architecture ancl systems engineering. Ifthe broader topic of product development "blends the perspecthe of marketing, design, and munuficturing into a single approach to product development." then design is the act of taking the marketing information and ereating the design ofthe product to be mamufictured, Systems design is thereibte the process of defining and developing systems 10 satisfy specified requirements of the user. Until the 1990s systems design had a crucial and respected role in the data processing industry. In the 1990s standardization of hardware and software resulted in the ability to bwikl modubr systems, The increasing importance of sofiware running. on generic platforms has enhanced the discipline of software etigineering. Object-oriented analysis and design methods are becoming the most widely used methods sor computer systems design. The UML fias become the standard kinguage in object-oriented analysis and design. Ik is widely used for modeling software systems and is increasingly used for high designing non-sofiware systems and organizations 3.2 Reports Generated By the System 1) List 6f'Total Passenger detail 2) Alot Car different type 3) Tour and Trp 4) Travelling pass 3). Fare per'Kim ‘Swanu Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)ER DIAGRAM Management System Boakingdetail Startingpoint Welcome! co) ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagarr(MP)Context Level Diagram Admin Vehicle Management System Vehicle ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagar(MP) User TravellingFirst Level Data Flow Diagram Home Tour & Trip Fare Per K/M Passenger Driver ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagarr(MP)Vehicle Management System Connected MySQL Server onli Booking Tables: Columa Name Data Type ‘Allow Null Boooking Id (primary Key) ‘varchar{15) ‘Not Null User Ta(Primary Key) carehar(20) Not Null Boname varehan20) Allow Null w Name varehar(20) ‘Allow Null name varehan(50) Alow Null sdate “varchar(50) Allow Null date varehan(50) Allow Null Kin varehantsoy Aliow Nu Status varehant50) Allow Null No of seat vanchants0) AlowNull Node varehan(S0) Allow Null ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagarr(MP)Admin User 16 Column Name Data Type ‘Allow Null id (primary Key) mnehar( 15) Not Null Tae Vvarchari20) ‘Allow Nall pass varchar(20) Allow Nul Toain Nehar(20) ‘Allow Null Towa Nehai(20) Alw Null Driver Details Calan Name Data Type ‘Allow Null Wipramry Key) chu 15) Not Null Name varchan(20) ‘Allow Null Address varchar(40) ‘Allow Null Tage varchar(30) Allow Null City ‘varchar(20) ‘Allow Null Teno Varchata0y Norn Experience Tals] ‘Allow Null ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)ail: ‘uel wv Column Name Data Type ‘Allow Null F_id (primary Key) ‘nehar( 15) Not Null VNaine varchan(20) ‘Alow Nu varchar(40) ‘Albw Null ‘mumber(20) Allow Null ‘Alow Nu varchan(30) Not Nall varchur(30) Albw Null Oil Details:- Catan Name Data Type ‘Allow Null id (primary Key) nehar( 15) Not Null Name varchar(20) ‘Aliow Nui name varchar(40) Allow Null ‘tnumber(20) ‘Albw Nall varchar(20) Alow Null Odometer varchar(30) Not Null ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagerr(MP)18 Nowe ‘varchan(30) Albw Nu Repair Details: Cohan Name Data Type ‘Allow Null if (primury Key) ‘neha 15) Not Null Name varchan(20) ‘Allow Null ame varchar(40) Alow Nal ame varehar(20) Allow Null tyne varchar(20) Albw Null Godomeier varchar(30) Not Null Note varchar(30) ‘Allow Null User Details:- Column Name Data Type ‘Allow Null Wiprinmay Key) rehaniS) Not Nui Name varchan(20) ‘Alow Null Pass vwarchan(40) Allow Null add varchar(20) Allow Null Cy varchar(20) Allow Null Siate varchar(30) Allow Nal Mobile varchar(30) Albow Null Email varchan(30) Allow Null ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)mast Details:- ‘Column Name Data Type ‘Allow Null iW (primary Key) ‘noha 15) Not Null vane varchani20) ‘Allow Null vane rurber(20) Allow Null Make ‘varchar(20) ‘Allow Null Toel_ype varchar(20) Allow Null Kor doubie(30) Alow Nu ANE raumber(30) Allow Null Com rnumnber(30) Allow Null Timage varehar(30) ‘Allow Null Taser ‘varchar(30) Allow Null Company varchar(30) Allow Null Date rnunnber(20) Allow Null ‘exp_dake Tumnber(20) Allow Null Dever varchar(30) Allow Null ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)3.3 Choice of Tools and Technology Introduction: ‘The Vehicle Management System ES bundle service-enables SAP Vahicle Management for Automotive, whichisrun by automotive importers and distribution centers. Using the servicesinthisESbundie, importers and distribution centerscan provide a composite application for their dealers toenablethem to search for available vehicles and ordervehiclesthat match a customer's specifications Fram Dealer Stockto Custom Orders:- Because of many interrelated factors, today’s aulomotive murkets fice increasing competition and slowing demand, Chiefly, the Internet has made customers fir more astute by greatly increasing market transparency. This transparency has armed customers with the means to seek out dealers thit can sell them the makes and models of les of their choike with awide aray of personalized specifications, at prices they have negotiated, Given this market climate, dealers and mmiacturers alike know that without the ability: to respond. rapidly 10 customer requirements, the odds of success will remain stacked against them. The made-te-stock mafel by ‘which they once operated i no Jonger satisfactory, Instead, to generale and matin conpettine advantage, businesses have adopted sophisticated orter-to-deinery models and are now taking steps to-streanine them such that the time ffom order to delivery i greatly expedited. In short, sales representatives. a dealerships must be able to search for aid locate vehicles. whose configurations meet the demands of inquiring customers, at will Ifthe desired vehicle has. not ye been manufactured, the dealer nwt be able to create an once for is minufueture and delivery in a manner that both mranuficturers and distributors. can acconrmadate, as well Whatthe Vehicle Management System ES Bundle Does Figue i shows the partes involved in this interaction, The OFM manufactures the vehicles, the importer of distibution center orders vehicles fiom the OEM, and deakers then sell the vehicles to the public. The Vehicle Managemem System ES bundle service- erubles the ineraetion berween the dealers and SAP Vehick’ Management for Automotive, ‘which importers and distribution centers run, ‘Swanu Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)a Deploying the services in this ES bundle, dealers using a composite application or deaber portal can: ‘+ Createand modify vehicle configurations in SAP Vehicle Managementfor Automotive ‘© Findand read information about existing vehiciesin SAP Vehicle Management for Automotive + Vehiclescan be tocated and accessed using configuration dataand otherelements suchas customer data, reference numbers, and vehicle batch Ds + Create, madify, find, and readsales orders for vehicles in SAP Wehicle Managementfor Automotive # Generate detailed estimates forspecific vehicle configurations The VMS ES bundle leveragesenterpriseSOA by service-enabling SAP Vehicle Management for Automotive. Audience Importers and distribution centers that want to extend the finetionality of SAP Vehicle Mamigement for Automotive to their dealers will find the Vehicle Management System ES bundle especially helpfil ‘The roks in these industries that can use this bundle include: © System administrators Saks and importer representatives © Dealers How to Use This ES Bundle Until recently, the model upon Which the automotive industty based inost of ts production andl stock methods was “make-fo-stock.” Each year manugicturers used past sales pattems to determine production for the immediate future, They produced a given number of vehicles according 10 a given set of configurations and then shipped those vehicles 10 market, where they were kept in stock as available ior purchase. Within this context, SAP developed SAP Vehick Manageinent for Automotive. SAP Vehicle Mangement for Auomotive provides OEMS, importers and distributors with a single, centraiized tool for procuring, configuring. managing. sefing and tracking vehicles in either the make-to-stock modcl or in some cases a make-to-order scenario. In this latter case, mak order primarily has allowed customers purchasing highend vebicks to configure the vehick: 1 their particular tastes, ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagarr(MP)22 Today, however, the amomntive industry is going through a transition, that reflects: greater demand by all customers--sot_fus-those-prrchanine high-end webieles—io onder vehicles configured to meet their partculr needs. In response. the automotive industry & seeking ways to efficiently and cost effectively meet Customer expectations. Underlying successtil implementation of this newer mcxlel i the abilty to reduce the onder-to- delivery time by providing a smooth and seambss process for the search and/or order of a vehick’ confgued to the customers needs ‘The Vehick Manigemett System ES bundle extends the finctionality of SAP Vehicle Mangement for Automotive to the associtted deakes of vehicle importers and distributors. This means that through a.composite application or portal based on these services, 2 dealers. sles representative i able to search far a vehick matching. the customer's desired configuration or, if necessary, inate the process to ardera matching vehicle fom an OEM. For example, an importer in the US acts as a distrbution point for vehicles. manufictured by Toyota. This importer will use SAP Vehicle Management for Auiomptive 10 manage, configure. ‘onder, and sell vehicles. The dealer portal provided by the importer to its associuied dealers wil allow’ dealers to access SAP Vehicle Management for Automotive. ‘The enterprise services conidined in this bundle will enable dealers to search for whitkes. in stock or on order fiom ‘Toyor as well as create sakes orders for those vehicles. Ifo vehicks matching the customer's configuration is in siock or on order, the dealer can submit a sales onler to SAP Vehicke Management for Auiomotive, which in turn triggers. the importer’ to place a sales order with ‘Toyota indicating the specifications of the vehicle in question. ‘This section will explore’ a series of use:cases for the Vehicle Management System ES bundle, Each scenario wil show how different outcomes. can be achieved by using the ertemprise services in different combinations. While these examples illustrate a few of the ways that this ES bundle cou! be used, the intention is to show the fexbility and reusability of these business objects and ceriemprise service operations so that you will have a clearer inderstandling ofhow ta best deploy them in your own environment This wiki i also aspace for you to share knowledge and colboraie with others. who-are amplementing the Vehicle Management System ES bundle Use Case 1; Searching for and purchasingan existing vehicle Tn.this use case, a customer has entered’ a car dealership with the intent to purchase a new ear, Before serriving, however, she has researched the various possible configurations. that are available forthe make and model she is interested in, including body color, upholstery type and cobr, audio, tie rims, and so forth, and made adefinie decision about what she wants. In this seenario the customer will test drive a similar vehicle, search for the avalbility ofa vehicle matching a particular configuration, read through @ search Ist of whicks, negotiate a price, and the sakes representative will create a sales order, ‘Swanu Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)23 Finding a Vehictethat Matches a Specified Configuration After the customer has test driven the make and model of her choice, she wants to know whether she can buy her customized version of t. ‘To determine if such a vehicle ‘s avaiable, the sks opreseniative can énler all of the options she bas chosen into: the deaker portal UI. This gives tke dealer access to the anporter’s of distrbuior’s database as well as visibility to backend system, ‘The desler can then seleet the search option and enter the search criterin for the vehicle, When the search is intiatod the application invokes the Find Automotive Vebicle Basic Data by Elements service operation, which uses the Automotive Velicle business. object. This service will search within SAP Vehick Management for Aulomotive by vehick céifiguration and relaied elements and retui a fst of cars that match the spetified search terms with each vehick's ID number. Reuiling the Details of a Vehicle A list appears on the dealer's UI ffi which the customer can select and view the details of wehick, Choking an the ink toa vehick: invokes the Read Autimétive Vehicle enterprise service, which presents the detaiss of that particular car, The applization wses the vehicle ID as the input for the read service, The business object wed is Automative Vehicle, Getieratinga List Price far a Vehicle ‘The customer is satisfied with the car and its projected delivery date, but she needs to know haw much it will cast as configured. To find oul the list price, the sakes representative sckects an ‘option that invokes the Cheek Sales Order Creation service operation, which uses the Sales ‘Order business object. Creating Sales Order for a Vehicle Aller negotiating a price with the customer, the sales representative can create sales order for the vehicle, To complete the sale, the deaker adds the customer's informtion such as name, contact information, payment type, and so on, ancl submits the order to the importer or distributor by seketing an option in the UL that iiwokes the Create Sales Order service operation. This cemerprise service is actually a stndard SAP Sales and Distribution serviee and is nan with the data reiumed fiom the read service, such as the batch number (ID), configuration data, manufacturing plant, equipment number, usage code, inkial registration date, counter reading Price, curent Iscaton, production date and time, and plunned date ard detivery and time, Essentially, the composite sipplicatio forwards the information from the Read! Automotive Vehicle service to the Create Sales Order service seamlessly. Step 1: A sales representative. searches for'a vehicle that maitches acustome?’s configuration specifications Step 2: The sates rep selects a matching vehicle fom the search resuls, Read Automotive Vehicle which passes the vehick's batch IID to the read service Find Automative Vehicle Basic Data by Elements ‘Swanu Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)Ez Step 3: The customer i itterested in purchasing the vehicle but fist ‘wants 10 know i price, The sales representative Check Sales Onder Creation generates a list price based on the specified configuration Step 4: The customer wishes to purchase the vehicke, so the suiles representative creates the sakes order in SAP Vehicle Management for Automotive Croute Sales Order Use Case 2: Ordevinga New Vehicle witha Custoin Configuration. Inuse case |, the dealer was able to help the customer find and ordera vebick that met her Specifications. Frequently, though, anew vehick may need to be made to fill the customer's order. ‘The customer knows what she wats, and the sdiles rep-at the dealership enters all of the options ‘she has chosen into the dedier portal Ul, which invokes the Find Automotive Vehick Basic Data by Elements service operation, which uses the Automotive Vehicle business object, This service will search SAP Vehicle Mangement for Aulomotive: by vehicle configuration and relied elements and retum a list of cars chat match the specified search terms with each vehicle's ID number. Unlike in the previous use case, no availible vehicles match the search enteria, As a result, the dealer will create a sales order that inclides all ofthe configuration dotails. ‘The customer naturally wants to know how much that vehicle will cost as configured before committing 1 buy 80 the silos rep invokes Check Sales Order Creation, which checks all the data in the sales onder, inclading a price. ‘The customer, experiencing a bit of slicker shock, attempts to negotiate the price downward, The dealer makes some adjustments, but also tel; the customer that removing the most costly options will also bring down the price. The dealer changes the order accordingly and invokes Cheek Sales Order Creation again. The price is now acceptable 10 the customer, so the deater invokes Creaie Sales Order, which sends the sales order to SAP Vehicle Management for Auiomotive, Note that the car itself has not been configured: the importer wil handle this step. ‘The lmporter Receives the Sales Order ‘The importer receives the sales onder and uses the confgurition detils wo order the ear in SAP Vehicle Management fr Automotive. ‘The Customer Changes Her Mind and the Sales Rep Updates the Configuration “The cistomee goes away thorn the Ueslorship ard thks aboww the options she fumed down, She pputs the additional cost in perspective versus the momhly payment arrount and decides to call the sales rep back so request the reinstatement of these options. ‘The dealer then returns to the ‘Swanu Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)5 portal and invokes the Find Sales Order Basic Data by Elements enterprise service operation. He selects the customer's sakes order from a lst, which invokes Read Sales Order, The sakes rep ccan see that the importer has already created the wehicke (the batch [D is now fisted on the sales onde), 40 be clicks on the batch ID which invokes the Find Automotive Vehicle by Batch ID enterprise service operation flowed by the Read Automotive Vehicle enterprise service operition, The sales representative: sees that there is stil time (o-ehange the configuration, so he wokes the Update Sales Order cnterprise service operation to change the sales order to reflect the new configuration. This will in tum update the vehicke in the backend system. Step I: A-sales representative searches fora vehicle that Find Automotive Vehicte by matches @ customer's configuration specifications Property Valuation and Elements (no enterprise service operation is invoked during this step) Step 2: The search produces no matching, results Step 3: The customer explains the options she wants and the sakes rep enters them The saks rep simulates asiles onder to get ap ‘The sakes rep modifies the order and nuns the service again Step 4: The customer wishes to purchase the vehicle, s0 the sales representative creates (Cheek Sales Order Crem the sales onder in SAP Vehicle Management for (Greate Sites Ontee Automotive Step 5: The importer receives the sales order and creates a (no enterprise service operation is veheke in SAP Vehicke Management for Auomotive — imvoked during this step) Step 6 The customer calls back and the saks rep looks up Find Sales Order Basic Data by the sak onder Elements Step 7: The sas rep reviews the sakss onder Read Sales Order Step 8: The sakes rep sees that a vehicle ns boon created {7h Automotive Vehicle y arch Bene cokder oe Pasay Read Automotive Vehicle Step 9: The sks ep ikes the chaigs he CSM ate Sales Onder requested ° Use Case 3: Customer Calls to Check an Order:- “The customer is now so excited about the new car that she calls the sales rep every few days to find out about the progress of the order, The sales rep uses the Find Sales Order Basic Data by Elements enterprise service to find the sales onder and Read Sales Onder to see the detail. Clicking on the Batch ID ior the vehick imokes the Read Automotive Vehicle enterprise service operation and the deaker can update the cusiomer with itormation about how her new ‘car is progressing and the latest information about when she ean expect delivery. Step I: A sakes representative searches forthe customer's Find Sales Onder Basic Data by sales order Elements. Step 2: The sales: rep dil down into the batch ID- Find Automative Vehicle hy Batch that identifies the car, iD ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagarr(MP)which invokes a service to search for the carby its. ID Step 3: The sakes rep reviews the details about the new car and lets the customer know any updated information about the Read Automotive Vehicle progress of ber order Future Directions Future directions for the Vehicle Management System ES bundie my inchde addit enablement of SAP Vehick Management for Automotive and Warranty Management. in auldition, SAP's dealer portal will be service-enabled ining the enterprise services in this ES ‘bundle (at this time, the dealer portal is integrated using BAPIs). Support for additiona! necounting documents such as purchase orders, delivery documents, and goods receipts may also be inched in a fimure release. ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagarr(MP)7 CHAPTER 4 Objective of Testing Software testing is an investigation conducted to provide siakehoklers with information about the quality of the product orservice under test, Soitware testing can ako provide on objective. independent view of the sofware to allow the business: to appreciate and understand the risks of software implementation. Test techniques inchile, but are not limited to, the process af executing a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs (errors or other defects). Software testing, can be slated as the process of vabiating and veriying that a software progrun’application/product 1, meets the requirements. that guidled its design and developinent; 2. works as expected; and 3. can be impk mented with the same characteristics, Software testing, depencing of the testing method employed, can be implemented at any time in the development process. However, most of the test efrt traditionally occurs afler the requirements have been defined and the coding process bas been completed having been shawn thet fixing a bug i ess expensive when foimd eather in the development process. Although in the Agile approaches most of the test effort is, conversely, ongoing. As such, the methodology of the test is governed by the software development methodology adopted. Different software development models will focus the test effor at different pois in the development process, Newerdevelopment mode, such as Age, ofler employ test driven dévelopment and plice at increased portion of the testing in the hands of the developer, before it reaches a formal team of testers. In a more traditional model, most of the test execution occurs aller the requireinemts hive beech defined aiid the coding process has been complied. Testing ean ‘Swanu Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)never compietely identify all the defects within software. Instead, it furnishes a criticism or comparison that compares the state and behavior of the product against oracles—principles or mechanisms by which someone might recognize a prablem. These oracles may include (but are nat limited to) specifications, contracts, comparable products, past versions of the same product, inférences about intended’ or expected purpose, user or customer expectations, relevant standards, applicable laws, or other criteria, Every software product has a target audience. For example, the audience for video sume software is comploiely different trom banking software, Thoreire, when an organization develops or otlérwise invests in a soflware product, it can assess whether the software product ‘will be weceptable to its end users, s target audience, its purchasers, and other stakeholders. Software testing is the process of attempting to make this assessment, 4.2 Types of Testing 4.2.1 Black Box Testing Black-box testing treats the sofiware asa "black box"—without any knowledge of intemal iimplementatioit Bhick-box testing methods imchde: equivalence partiioning, boundaty value analgsis, alkpairs testing, fizz testing, moelbased testing, exploratory testing and specification: based testing. + Specification-based esting: Specification-based testing sims to test the fimctionality of soflware. according to the applicable requirements, Ths, the tester inputs data into, and only sees the output fiom, the test object. This kvet of testing usually requifes thorough test cases to be provided 16 the tester, who then can simply verify thet for agiven input, the output value (or behavion), either "s* ors not" the same asthe expected vake specified in the test case, Shecifction-based testing & necessiry, but tis msuliciont lo Auatd against cettain risks. © Advantages and disadvantages: The biack-box tester has no “bonds” with the code; and! a testers perception is very simple: a code must have bugs, Using the principle, "Ask and you shall receive,” black-box testers ind bugs where ‘Swanu Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)programmers. do not. On the otter hand, black-box testing has been said to be "Tike a walk in a dark byrinth without a flashlight," because the tester doesn't know how the sofivare being tested was actually constricted, As aresuil, there are situations when (1)/a tester writes many test eases to check something that cou! have been tested by only one test case, and/or (2) some: parts of the back end are not tested at al, ‘Therefore, black-box testing has the advantage of "an unafiiliated opinion", on the one hand, and the disadvantage of "blind exploring”, on the other 4.2.2 White Box Testing ‘White-box testing is when the tester has access to the internal data structures and algorithms inchiding the code that implements these. ‘Types of white-box testing The folowing types of whie-box testing exit: APE testing (application programming. interface) - testing of the application using public and private APIs © Code coverage = creating tests to satisfy some criteria of code coverage e.g. the test designer can create tests to cause all statements in the program to be executed at least once) + Fauk injection methods - improving the coverage ofa test by introducing fiuks to test code paths © Mutation testing methods + Static testing - All types Test coverage White-box testing methods can also be used to evalumte the completeness of a test suite that was created with black-box testing methods. This allows the soflware team to examine parts of a system that are rarely tested and ensures that the most important function points have been tested, l?! ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagerr(MP)‘Two common, firms of code coverage are: + Fimction coverage, which reports on fimetions executed + Statement coverage, which reports on the imumber of tines executed 10 complete the test ‘They both rewrn a code coverage metric, measured as a percentage. 4.2.3 Functional Testing Functional testing refers to activities. that verify a specific action or fimetion of the code, These are usually found in the code requirements documentation, although some development methoUoJogics work from use cases or user stories. Functional tests tend to answer the question ‘of "ean the user do this” or “does this particular feature work.” Non-finctional testing relérs t aspects of the sotiware that may not be related to a speeific fiction or user action, such as scalbility or other performance, behavior under certain constraints, or security. Testing will determine the flake point, the point at which extremes. of seabbility or perfomance kads to unstable execution, Non-fimctional requirements: tend to he those that reflect the quality of the product, particularly. perspective of ts users. the context of the suitability 4.2.4 System Testing System testing of software orhardware is testing conducted on a compkie, integrated system to evaluate tie system's compliance with its specified requirements, System testing fils Within the scope of black box testing, and as such, should require rio knowledge of the inner design of the code or logic, As aru, system testing takes, as its input, all of the “integrated” software components that have ‘siccessfilly passed integration testing and abo the sofiware system itself integrated with any applicable hardware system(s). The purpose of integration testing % to detect any inconsistencies between thie soitivare units that are imegrated together (called, assemblages) or between any of ‘Swanu Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)a1 the assemblages and the baniware, System testing 6 a more limited type of testing; it secks 10 detest defects both within the “inter-assemblages" and abo within the systom asa whole, A.3Various level Of Testing Before implementation the system is tested at two Jevels: Level I Level 2 4.3.1 Level] Testing (Alpha Testing) Alpha testing is faied or actual operational testing by potential users/customers or an iadlependent ‘est team at the developers’ she, Alpha testing & often employed fir off.the-shelf sbfiware as a form of internal acceptance testing, before the software goes to beta testing, 4.3.2 Level? Testing (Beta testing) Beta testing comes affer alpha testing and can be considered a form of extemal wor acceptance testing. Versions of the software, known as beta versions, are released toa limited audience ouisile of the progianimning team The software i releaseil to groups of people so tht further testing canensize the product hax few fits or bugs. Sometimes. beta versions. are made available to the open public to increase the feedback fie to a maximal number of filture users. 4.3.3 Recovery and Seourity A foreed system failure is induced to test a backup recovery procedure for file integrity. Inaccurate data are eniered to see how the system responds i tems of error detection and Protection Related wo fk imeyrity is atest to demonstrate that data andl programs are secure from unauthdrized access. 4.3.4 Usability Documentation and Procedure: ‘The usability test verifies. the user-fhiendly nauire of the system This rebates to normal operating and error-hunelling procedures, ‘Swanu Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)32 4.4 Quality Assurance ‘Though controversial, software testing is a part of the sofiware quality assurance (SQA) process. In SQA, software process specialists and auditors are concemed for the sofware development process rather than just the artifiets such as documentation, code and systems. They examine and change the software engineering process itself to reduce the mumber of fiults that end up in the delivered software: the so-caled deftet rate ‘What constintes an "acceptable defect rate" depends on the nature of the software; A fight simulator video game ‘woukl have much higher defect tolerance than software for an actual airphne, Although there are close links with SQA, testing departments offen exist independently, and there may be no SQA function in some companies. Soliware testing & a task inlended to detect defgets in software by contrasting « computer programts expected results with is actual results fbr a given Set of inputs, By contrast, QA. (quality assurance) is the implementation of policies and procedures intended to prevent defects from occuring in the fist place. 4, fem I ntation During the implementation stage the system in physically created. Necessary programs are coded, debugged and documented. A new hardware is selected, ordered and installed, 4.6 System Specification Every computer system consists of three major elements. 1. The Hardware 2. Application software such as visual studio 3. Operating system For successfial operation of the package following must be kept in mind! ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagarr(MP)33 Too many packages should not be used, as very few system may have all those packages installed due to memory problem Thus, the compatibility of the system development will get reduced, 4.6.1 Hardware Requirements © Corei3 Processor * 512 MB RAM * 40 GB HDD * Color Monitor + Keyboard, Mouse 4.6.2 Software Requirements A. Sdk 1.7 2, my Sql ServerS.1.7 3.Tomeatl.7 3. AJAX 4, Filezilla 5, Microsoft Office 2007 ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)4.7 Installation ‘The application installttion script have to be generated from the current server where the application souree code saved and installed in the main server from where the application is to be rnin, This was done using a special code, which generates all SQL-Statements to insert preliminary data (lke menu entries, code in code directories. etc) at server and the operational modules of the application made avaihible to the end user successfilly. 4.8 Implementation ‘The system is slill under construction few report are yet to me made afler that this system will be implanted at client side, Users will be given a training to use the package and special work shop is conducted by the courker for the purpose and acconding to their feedback the change implanted in the software. ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagar(MP)35 Snapshort: Simple Forms:- ‘employes ledgers Fig: 4.8.1 Home Page ‘Swami Vivekanand University Sagerr(MP)yon seme 8 Doak ney of the Which tem plenes rialoter rm Guta eapsraion You Yas Laguetin and Souk iy of tea Vache Pree this site. 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