LAB NO.

2 04/12/2020

DESIGN OF A LUMPED ELEMENTS LOW-PASS FILTER IN KEYSIGHT

ADS
Lab outcomes:
After completing this lab, students will be able to;
 Design a lumped element microwave filter for given specification.
 Evaluate the different performance parameters of a filter.
Corresponding CLO and PLO:
 CLO-1, PLO-5 (Modern Tool Usage)
Equipment:
 PC or Laptop
 Keysight ADS
Theory:
A filter is a two-port network used to control the frequency response at a certain point in an RF
or microwave system by providing transmission at frequencies within the pass band of the filter
and attenuation in the stop band of the filter. Typical frequency responses include low-pass, high-
pass, band pass, and band-reject characteristics as shown in Figure 2.1.

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Figure 2.1 S21 versus frequency characteristic for the basic filter types

Applications can be found in virtually any type of RF or microwave communication, radar, or

test and measurement system.
Filter Order: The attenuation in the reject band that is required by a filter largely determines the
slope needed in the transmission frequency response. The slope of the filter’s response is related
to the order of the filter. The steeper the slope or ‘skirt’ of the filter; the higher is the order. The
term order comes from the mathematical transfer function that describes a particular filter. The
highest power of s in the denominator of the filter’s Laplace transfer function is the order of the
filter. For the simple low pass and high pass filters presented in this chapter the filter order is the
same as the number of elements in the filter. However, this is not the case for general filter
networks. Figure 2.2 shows the relationship between the filter order and slope of the response for
a Low Pass filter.

Figure 2.2 Relationship between filter order and the slope of S21
Filter Type: The shape of the filter passband and attenuation skirt can take on different shape
relationships based on the coupling among the various reactive elements in the filter. Over the
years several polynomial expressions have been developed for these shape relationships. Named
after their inventors, some of the more popular types include: Bessel, Butterworth, Chebyshev,
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and Cauer. Figure 2.3 shows the general shape relationship among these filter types. The Bessel
filter is a low Q filter and does not exhibit a steep roll off. The benefit of the Bessel filter is its
linear phase or flat group delay response. This means that the Bessel filter can pass wideband
signals while introducing little distortion. The Butterworth is a medium Q filter that has the
flattest pass band of the group. The Chebyshev response is a higher Q filter and has a noticeably
steeper skirt moving toward the reject band.

Figure 2.3 Relationship between filter order and the slope of S21

Design a 145 MHz Low Pass filter for this satellite link system with the following specifications.
 Having a Chebyshev Response with 0.1 dB pass band ripple.
 Having a passband cutoff frequency (not the -3 dB frequency) at 160 MHz
 Having at least -40 dB rejections at 435 MHz.
Procedure:
Create a new schematic under the folder 02 AAli_Lab_02workspace and name it
LumpedElementLowpassFilter_symbol. Follow the procedure below to design the low pass filter.
 From the schematic window, click DesignGuide > Filter > Filter Control Window to open the
Filter DesignGuide Control Window, as shown in Figure2.4.

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Figure 2.4 Filter DesignGuide control window

 In the Filter DesignGuide Control Window, click View > Component Palette-All to place the
SmartComponent Palettes in the schematic window.

Figure 2.5 SmartComponent Palette in the schematic window

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 From the list of Filter DG - All Palette in the schematic window, select the lowpass filter
SmartComponenet, DA_LCLowpassDT.
 Click anywhere within the schematic window to place the component.

Figure 2.6 Placement of DA_LCLowpassDT from SmartComponent Palette in the schematic

window
 Double-click the SmartComponent to open a dialog box containing all parameters.
 Modify the parameters to meet the design specifications, as shown in Figure 2.7.

Figure 2.7 Modified parameters of the lowpass filter

 In the Filter DesignGuide control window select the Filter Assistant tab and click Design to
start a simulation and generate the filter sub-network, as shown in Figure 2.8.
LowPassFilter_Test

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Figure 2.8 Lowpass filter sub-network (N=5)
 After SmartComponents are designed and tested, they can be used as standalone
components. The Filter DesignGuide is not needed to use them in new designs unless
you want to modify or analyze them. Create a new schematic LowPassFilter_Test in Lab2
folder and add the symbol of filter created earlier as shown in Figure 2.9. the lowpass
filter SmartComponent is used in S parameter simulation circuit.


Figure 2.9 SmartComponent used in S parameter simulation circuit

 Simulated Response of the low pass filter is shown in Figure 2.10.

Figure 2.10 Simulated Response of the low pass filter

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Observations: (write your observations here)
Design a high pass filter that passes frequencies in the 420 MHz to 450 MHz range. The
High Pass Filter specifications are:
 The pass band cutoff frequency (not the -3 dB frequency) is 420 MHz.
 The filter has a Chebyshev response with 0.1 dB pass band ripple.
 The reject requirement is at least -60 dB rejections at 146 MHz.
Q1: Draw the schematic of high-pass filter obtained from Keysight ADS?
Q2: Find and Plot the frequency response of high-pass filter in terms of frequency?

Conclusion:
This lab assists in designing and analyzing a microwave filter in Keysight Advanced
Design System. Also, it provides procedure for evaluating various parameters of the
microwave filter.

References:
Behagi, Ali (2015).  RF and Microwave Circuit Design A Design Approach Using (ADS) (3 ed.).
Techno Search. pp. 1–68.

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Rubrics
Student is Student can Student has Student has Student
unable to understand followed constructed perfectly
follow the the provided instructions the implemented a
provided laboratory to construct functional/ working
instructions instructions the working model/ logic/
properly. and familiar fundamental schematic/ circuit/ block
The student with the lab schematic/ model/ block diagram/ code
can name the environment block diagram/ and
hardware or (Trainer/ diagram/ code, and successfully
Demonstration Absent
simulation software/ code/ model have executed the
platform, but IDE), but on the successfully lab objective
unable to cannot protoboard/ executed the in Realtime or
implement implement trainer/ program/ run in a
anything on the simulation circuit on simulation
practically or platform software. software environment
on the practically or platform and produced
software on the the desired
software results
Category Ungraded Very Poor Poor Fair Good Excellent
Percentage [0] [1-20] [21-40] [41-60] [61-80] [81-100]
Marks 0.0 0.01 - 0.20 0.21 - 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.80 0.81 - 1.0
Date Total Marks Instructor’s Signature

Correctly
drawn
Plagiarized Requirements Observations Appropriate
conclusion
content are listed and are recorded computations
Laboratory Report not with
presented or experimental along with or numerical
Reports submitted exact results
incomplete procedure is detailed analysis is
and complete
submission presented procedure performed
report in all
respects
Category Ungraded Very Poor Poor Fair Good Excellent
Percentage [0] [1-20] [21-40] [41-60] [61-80] [81-100]
Marks 0.0 0.01 - 0.20 0.21 - 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.80 0.81 - 1.0
Date Total Marks Instructor’s Signature

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