STS MIDTERM

Activating Prior Knowledge

Learning Activity: SPOT THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD (page 53)

Direction: Each sentence below describes a step of the scientific method.
Match each sentence with the step of the scientific method listed below.
A. Recognize the problem
B. Making Observation
C. Form a hypothesis
D. Test the hypothesis with an experiment
E. Draw conclusions
______________ 1. Mark predicted that seeds would start to grow faster if an electric
current travelled through the soil in which they were planted. B making observation
______________ 2. Scott said, “If I fertilize my orchid plants, they will blossom.”
stronger when she gave the hen feed, to which extra calcium had been added. C. Form
a hypothesis
______________ 3. Philip’s data showed that household cockroaches moved away
from raw mangoes. E. Draw conclusions
______________ 4. Ameera fed different diets to three groups of tilapia. Her
experiment showed that tilapias need vitamins and protein in their diet. D. Test the
hypothesis with an experiment
______________ 5. Angela’s experiment proved that earthworms move away from
light. E. Draw conclusions
______________ 6. Justine wondered if dyes could be taken out of plant leaves,
flowers and stems. A. Recognize the problem
______________ 7. Kathy used a survey to determine how many classmates were left-
handed and how many were right-handed. D. Test the hypothesis with an experiment
______________ 8. Bob read about growing plants in water. He wanted to know how
plants could grow without soil. B. Making Observation
______________ 9. Kevin said “If acid rain affects plants in a particular pond, it might
affect small animals, such as crabs, that live in the same water.” C. Form a hypothesis
Making Observation and Stating the Problem (page 34)

Different things happen around you. As you notice these, you take a mental note of
what you see, hear, feel, smell or taste. These mental notes are your observations. On
the space below, write five things that you can observe around you right now.
1. Little bit dark
2. It is quiet
3. It is a little bit cold
4. Things around me are organized
5. There are so many things hanged to the wall
Choose one observation from your list above. Choose the most interesting and from
that, compose your statement of the problem. Statement of the problem:
I choose the “it is a little bit cold”.
The reason why the temperature in the place is lower than the normal temperature.
Formulating the Hypothesis

Your statement of the problem must have an answer. But at this point, you still do not
have a definite one, so you formulate your hypothesis. A hypothesis is a logical guess
that answers the question or problem. It could be correct or incorrect, which is what you
will find out in the next step. You could have more than one hypothesis, but you will
consider them one at a time in the succeeding steps.

Answer your statement of the problem by formulating three hypotheses.

1. The season/weather during the time could be the reason behind the lower
temperature in the room.

2. The windows in the place might have been left open.

3. No shirt is worn
Testing the Hypothesis with experiment

After proposing possible answer to the problem, you should prove whether your
hypotheses are true or not. This could be through experiments, test, or research. You
need to plan how you would test your hypothesis by logically writing down the steps
that you will do. Since you will be writing down steps of a procedure, your methodology
should be numbered and logically arranged. It should contain practical procedures,
which are significant to the study being conducted.

Choose one among the hypotheses you formulated. On the space below, write the
procedure on how you will test the hypothesis.

1. In order to test the first hypothesis, first thing to do is to know the time of the day
during the observation.
2. Ask peers if they feel the same during the period.
3. Observe the state of weather that day.
4. Search for what season during the observation.

Stating the Conclusion

At this point, you now know if your hypothesis answered your question. If it did, you just
restate your hypothesis as your conclusion. If it did not, then you need to test other
hypotheses.
The season/weather during the time is rainy so the pour of the rain affect the
temperature during that time. In addition, there is a weather condition during that time it
is a low-pressure area (LPA) and a tail-end of a cold front. That proves the hypothesis
that the temperature is caused by the season and a weather system.
Application (page 35)

Activity 1: Applying the Scientific Method

Direction: Follow the scientific method focusing on what you can immediately observe
that is happening in the environment at 8 o’clock in the morning. Use the data sheet
below to write down your answers. For the data analysis, assume that you performed
the test and were able to prove that your hypothesis is an answer to the problem.

Location of Observation:
Purok 1, Ligaya, Aglipay, Quirino
I. Making Observations and stating the Problem
At 8 o’clock in the morning in the said location, I have observed that some of the
roosters still crows. Peoples are already in the street and more people are coming out
of their homes. The sun did not appear in the sky during that time. More vehicles are
passing in the street, the street become busy in an instant. The soil around the area is
now wet and it is slippery to walk through. The mountains in the distance is already
empty and converted into a farmland.
II. Formulating Hypothesis

1. A weather condition is affecting the area that is why the sun did not appear in the
sky.
2. There is a thick amount of smoke in the air during that time.

III. Testing the Hypothesis with an experiment

1. Observe furthermore and see if the situation will change.

2. If the situation doesn’t change, go online and ask the provincial DRRMC regarding
the weather.
3. Go online and search for the state of weather in the area, look for any weather
condition that is affecting the area.
IV. Stating the Conclusion
After the inquiries and gathering of data, the researcher therefore conclude that, the
reason for the sun not seen on the 8 o’clock AM of January 20, 2021 in the said
location is due to a Low Pressure Area (LPA) and tail end of a cold front.

Guide Questions:
1. What do you think will happen if the steps in scientific method are in different order?
The scientific method is said to be followed in order to attain the desired outcome.
When the method is in the different order, it will greatly affect the outcome of the
research. For example, you cannot create a hypothesis if you do not know the problem.
In addition, no conclusion is created before the testing of hypothesis. Therefore, the
whole process will not succeed if the original method is not followed.
2. If you would be adding more steps to the scientific method, what would be these
steps? Discuss the additional steps you are proposing.
If I would be adding another step to the scientific method, I will be adding the resolution
of the problem. In this step, there will be a proposal of the solutions that can be made in
order to solve the stated problem. But if the problem is cause by the nature itself
preventions and strategies will be made in this part of the scientific method.

Activity 2: G-R-E-A-T-W-O-R-K

Complete the mind map below by writing words that come to your mind when you hear
the word science and technology.

 Improvement
 Success
 Robots
 Gadgets
 Development
 Cure
 Intelligence

SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
Feedback (page 37)
From the picture below describe the evolution and development of science and
technology along fields of medicine, agriculture, education, information and technology
and many more.

(Source: Fundamentals of Science and Technology, www.tutorialspoint.com)

Science and technology has been one of the greatest ally of success. In our time today, it is
said that we are now living in the effect of science and technology. We have witnessed the
improvement and development of science and technology in the different fields. For
example in the field of medicine, in the old times there are illness that cannot be explain by
the experts before. Now the illnesses that cannot be explained are already described and
already has its cure. There is also mass production of medicine all over the world with the
help of the machines that has been crated. Due to the growing population in the there is a
need for more food, science and technology help to solve this problems. By inventing more
machineries that helps the farmers grow their crops. More improved breed of crops are
introduced in order to support the farmers. In the field of education major improvement are
introduced, science and technology created a large collection of knowledge that every
individual can access. Before, the teachers are teaching in the traditional way but now
teachers are already good at using electronic gadgets in order to explain the lesson well. In
addition, during this time of pandemic science and technology greatly help the field of
education with the use of internet in order for the classes to continue. We cannot hide the
effect of science and technology that we are enjoying now. Furthermore the improvement
will not end it will continue and continue.
Activating Prior Knowledge (page 38)

Make a reaction on the saying “Comparing the lives of people before and now
will make anyone realize the changes that happened in society not just in terms
of culture, language or rights, but more importantly, changes in people’s way of
life due to the existence of science and technology”.

The saying talks about the effects of science and technology to the life of
everybody from before until now. It will make us realize on how everything around
improved or changed. Due to the presence of science and technology, it is not only the
culture and language or rights but also the way of living of the people from before until
now.
The saying also talks about the difference in the way of living of the people
before and the people now. It state that science and technology pave its way in the
lives of people from before to now.
Film Viewing (page 39)
You will be asked to view the Film: Akira Kurosawa’s Dreams “Village of the Watermills”
After the film viewing, you are now directed to make illustrations that will demonstrate
human condition before the common era and the human condition during the common
era and. You may include their day to day activities, their ways of achieving survival
and their strategies to attain high productivity. (You may opt to make a collage)
(Page 40)
After making the illustration, you may list down notable human conditions before the
common era and during the common era and briefly discuss these conditions.

1. Before the Common Era

Kings are the one who rules the land, the economy are most from
agriculture and before the Common Era, there are so many slaves. In addition, before
the Common Era ancient people discovered fire by using stones without any idea, they
used it for cooking. They have also began to sharpen stones that they can use for
hunting. Until the humans started to gain knowledge about farming. However, we
cannot hide the harsh condition of living during that era. One example is the use of
human as slaves they are also selling humans that time.

2. During the Common Era

It is very hard era for humans for during the Common Era happened the
two world war and together with the epidemic. However, we know that during the
Common Era humans first person reached the moon and it serve as a major
achievement in the science and technology. This pave the way on the improvement
of science and technology all around the world. During the landing in the moon of
the first human to reach it, there are still wars happening in the land these are the
civil wars that some countries battled.
Presentation of Contents (page 40)

Our early ancestors’ primal need to survive paved the way for the invention of several
developments. As we always claim that humans are gifted with wisdom and more
advanced than any other creatures, our ancestors were able to utilize available
materials to make their life more comfortable.

In your own perspective, how has technology affected the following aspects given the
two-time frames? Fill out the table below.

Human Before the common era During the common era

Conditions
Mortality Rate Mortality rate before During this era, I think that
the common era I think science and technology affect
that there is no the mortality rate. For there is
significant effect of more abundant food also the
science and food are being cooked in the
technology. For the right way. In addition, more
people during that era advance medicines are
is still learning about started to be made during that
medicine. era.
Average Life Science and During the common era,
Span technology did not science and technology
affect the average life affected the average life span
span before the on humans in a way that it
common era in a provides instant things. Where
positive way. However, in this instant things provides
the lack of science and effects to human body that
technology during that can make the average life
time might cause the span lower that before.
lower life span of
humans.
Literacy Rate During the span on the During the common era, we
BCE, we know that know that science and
literacy rate is already technology affected the way of
but there is a problem storage and dissemination of
on dissemination and the literacy works. In addition,
storage of the literacy more literacy works have been
works. centered about science and
technology.
Before the common During the common era
Gross Domestic era, even though they science and technology shows
Product have low knowledge its effect when countries
about science and started to trade products with
technology they have each other. The invention of
improvised things in cargo ships, trains, and
order to survive. For airplanes helps the products
example, they use salt to be transported.
in order to preserve
meats; some also dried
it in the sun.
Activity 2: What if?(page 41)

Science and technology have aided us in survival and helped us outsmart our
adversaries, provided us comfortable life, allowed us to explore the world and
assisted us in discovering more about ourselves and the truth.
-Unknown

You are now dependent on the comforts of what technology has brought to us. This
time, try to imagine our world without technology? How do you think our daily routine
would be like? Illustrate a scenario where certain technological innovation does not
exist. Use the space provided.
Feedback (page 41)

Activity 3: Hear Their Voice

Make a survey from different person aside from your classmate with a maximum of 5
interviewees. You can interview them through phone call or email or messenger.

You should elicit their answers to the following questions below.

Summarize their responses below.

1. What would have happened to humankind if technology did not exist?

2. Do you agree with Martin Heidegger in his idea that technology should only be seen
as one of the approaches in perceiving truth? What other approaches you know that
can be considered?
Activating Prior Learning (page 42)

“The truth is the aim of the theoretical sciences, the good is the end goal of the
practical ones. Every attempt to know is connected in some way in an attempt to
find the good”. -Aristotle

Materials
You will be needing the following materials in the activity below.
Coloring pens/crayons, Pentel pen, Pencil, Colored old magazines, Pictures
from the web, Scissors, Glue

Using the materials listed above, make a good life collage by cutting pictures in
magazines or newspapers that demonstrate how technology has made the man’s
desire for a happy life more realizable. You may opt to print pictures using the web. Use
the space provided in the next page.
Acitivity2: Fill in the blanks (page 45)

Using the table below, list down the different advantages and disadvantages of
the different schools of thought in attaining good life and happiness.
School of Thought Advantages Disadvantages
1. Materialism Materialism can help The persons with
someone to express his materialism only
self to others. This can give attentions to
also sometimes done in materials and can
order to relieve stress. forget about other
Materialism can help a things. Minimal
person to enjoy the amount of people
things that he has been can understand a
working for. person with
materialism.
2. Hedonism The people who
The people who believe believe in hedonism
on hedonism will tend to will have a hard time
enjoy all of the luxury in accomplishing re
that life can offer. They asonable things.
will never be stressed on
what the future will serve
them.

3. Stoicism

The peoples who believe The people who

in stoicism can be able to believe in stoicism
create a majestic works. will become self-
For they can think centered. They will
brighter by themselves. not be able to feel
People who believe in the excitement to do
stoicism can learn how things in a group.
to do things alone.

4. Theism
The peoples who believe The peoples who
on theism will likely have believe on theism
more dreams; in that can hardly try new
case, they will stay things to them. Just
focused in achieving their like, there is a thing
dreams. They will believe that is preventing
that every individual have them on doing new
their own purpose and things.
that will motivate them to
accomplish their dreams.

5. Humanism
Activity 3: Think about these questions (page 46)

1. What is a good life? Elaborate your answer.

For me a good life will be a life that is full of excitement. When my family and me are
together finding solutions for our life problems. A good life for me also is you are able to
buy and afford things that you need and some of your wants. Eating three times a day,
having a good and warm bed at night and having all of the thigs that you need is the
definition of good life for me. In addition, having god in my life will complete the
definition of good life for me.

2. What is the relationship between good life and science?

When we say good life this is the state where problems are can be solved. Unlike
before where some of the problems are hard to solve and sometimes they cannot find
solutions. For example, a good life is free from any illness or diseases, in order to
ensure the health care science is use to examine the human body. Science is also the
reason for the creation of medicines. So that is the connection of science and good life,
science is creating solutions in order to attain a good life.

3. Does technology always lead us to the good life? Support your answer.
No, not all the time technology always lead to the good life. There are some instance
that technology can destroy a life of an individual. There is a news not long ago that
a girl teenager got raped after meeting someone she met online, if the access to
technology is not that open this girl’s life would not be destroyed in that way.
Activating Prior Learning (page 46)

Are you ready for your next topic? I’m sure you are! As a start, let’s do this preparatory
activity especially prepared for you. Happy learning!

List down engineering technology that you can see in the internet and give the use or
function of each machine/gadget/device.
Application (page 50)

From the graphic organizer you completed at the very start of this section, choose one
technology in each category and give their risks and benefits as regards to their
purpose. Explain briefly each point you included.

Technology Benefits Risks

1.
3.

2.

4.
“My Ideal Technology”(page 51)

3. Think of an issue (be it environmental, economical, transportation, etc.), and come

up with a technology that would somehow address the issue. Give a description of
the features of your technology. What are its benefits and drawbacks to the society?
Reflection (page 53)
1. What do you think will happen if human person did not flourish in terms of science
and technology?
If the humans did not flourish in terms of science and technology the improvement of
science and technology will be slowed. For the reason that there is minimal number
of human who is happy in terms of the effect of science and technology.

2. From among the different schools of thought presented above, which among them
describe you as a person or as a member of the community? Do you think it can
develop you better and attain a good life? Why or why not?
Theism is the one that describe me as a person. For from the beginning and end of
my day will always ask for guidance from the Lord. From my point of view, I believe
that this school of thought will help me grow better and attain the good life for me,
which is having god in my life. This is where I feel happy and this is where I enjoy my
existence.