St.

Mary’s University / Faculty of Informatics

Network and system administration

Chapter 3

Network Operating system

What is an operating system?

An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a
boot program, manages all of the other application programs in a computer. The application
programs make use of the operating system by making requests for services through a defined
application program interface (API). In addition, users can interact directly with the operating
system through a user interface, such as a command-line interface (CLI) or a graphical UI (GUI).

Why use an operating system?

An operating system brings powerful benefits to computer software and software development.
Without an operating system, every application would need to include its own UI, as well as the
comprehensive code needed to handle all low-level functionality of the underlying computer,
such as disk storage, network interfaces and so on. Considering the vast array of underlying
hardware available, this would vastly bloat the size of every application and make software
development impractical.

Functions of an operating system

An operating system provides three essential capabilities: It offers a UI through a CLI or GUI; it
launches and manages the application execution; and it identifies and exposes system hardware
resources to those applications -- typically, through a standardized API.

How to install windows 10?

1. Check your device meeting the windows 10 requirements it needs the following
minimum requirement
 Processor: 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster processor or SoC
 RAM: 1 gigabyte (GB) for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit
 Hard disk space: 32GB or more

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St. Mary’s University / Faculty of Informatics
Network and system administration

 Display: 800 x 600 resolution or higher

2. Create usb installation media or use a CD installation media
3. Use your installation media. Insert your installation media into your device and then
access the computer’s BIOS or UEFI. These are the systems that allow you to control
your computer’s core hardware. The process of accessing these systems is unique to each
device, but the manufacturer’s website should be able to give you a helping hand here.
Generally, you'll need to press the F2, F12 or Delete keys as your computer boots up.
4. Change your computer's boot order
5. Restart your device. Save your settings in the BIOS/UEFI and reboot your device.
6. Complete the installation

Operating system types

 Real time operating system: can process and react to input in very short time.
 Distributed operating system: - is a group of processors which do not share memory
hardware device or a clock time.
 Network operating system :- Failure of one will not affect the other network
communication, as all systems are independent from each other
 Time sharing operating system:-computer resources are allocated in time-dependent
fashion to several programs simultaneously.
 Linux operating system:-is built around the Linux kernel and is a free and open source
software operating system
 Windows operating systems: is one of the most popular proprietary for computers in the
world. This operating system built in 1975 when Paul Allen and Bill Gates had the vision
to take personal computing to its pinnacle.
 Mac OS is the operating system for Apple's Macintosh line of PCs and workstations.
 UNIX is a multiuser operating system designed for flexibility and adaptability.

Types of windows

 A Microsoft window is a computer operating system developed by Microsoft

Corporation.
 It was first launched in 1985 as a graphical operating system on ms –Dos.

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St. Mary’s University / Faculty of Informatics
Network and system administration

 Some example of windows operating systems are:

o Ms-Dos windows 1.0,2.0,3.0
o Windows 95
o Windows 98
o Windows 2000
o Windows me
o Windows xp
o Windows 7
o Windows 8
o Windows 10
o Windows 11

Overview of windows 10 editions

 Window 10 Home edition

 Window 10 pro edition
 Window 10 Enterprise edition
 Window 10 Education edition
 Window 10 Mobile edition
 Window 10 Mobile Enterprise edition
 Window 10 IOT edition

Window 10 Enterprise edition

 Uses for PCs, tablets

 Cortana Assistant
 Continuum tablet mode for touch-capable devices
 Windows Hello face-recognition, iris and fingerprint login
 universal Windows apps like Photos, Maps, Mail, Calendar, Music and Video
 Ability to capture and share game play for XBOX One owners
 Domain Join Services
 BitLocker Drive Encryption
 Remote Access Services

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St. Mary’s University / Faculty of Informatics
Network and system administration

 Group Policy editor

 Windows Update for Business
 Long Term Servicing Branch
 Device Guard - help protect against the ever-growing range of modern security

Threats targeted at devices, identities, applications and sensitive company information

Network Operating System

- A network operating system is an operating system that contains components and

programs that allow a computer running network operating system to serve requests from
other computer for data, websites and provide access other resources such as printer and
file systems.
- NOS basic features are:-
o Add, remove and manages users who wishes to use resources on the network.
o Allow users to access data on the network.
o Allow users to access data found on other network such as the internet.
o Allow users to access hardware which connected to the network.
o Protect data and services which located on the network.
- NOS features may also include:-
o Security features such as authentication, authorization, login restrictions, and
access control.
o File print, data storage, backup, and replication services.
o Remote access.
o System management etc.
- Some examples of NOS are
o Windows NT server
o Macintosh server
o Netware server
o Window 2000 server
o Window 2003 server
o Window 2008 server etc.

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St. Mary’s University / Faculty of Informatics
Network and system administration

Windows Server 2003

- Windows Server 2003 (also referred to as Win2K3) is a server operating system

produced by Microsoft, introduced on 24 April 2003.
- According to Microsoft, Windows Server 2003 is more scalable and delivers better
performance than its predecessor, Windows 2000.

New and updated features

 Internet Information Services (IIS) v6.0 - A significantly improved version of IIS.

 Increased default security over previous versions, due to the built-in firewall and having
most services disabled by default.
 Significant improvements to Message Queuing.
 Manage Your Server - a role management administrative tool that allows an administrator
to choose what functionality the server should provide.
 Improvements to Active Directory, such as the ability to deactivate classes from the
scheme, or to run multiple instances of the directory server (ADAM)
 Improvements to Group Policy handling and administration
 Provides a backup system to restore lost files
 Improved disk management, including the ability to back up from shadows of files,
allowing the backup of open files.
 Improved scripting and command line tools, which are part of Microsoft's initiative to
bring a complete command shell to the next version of Windows.
 Support for a hardware-based "watchdog timer", which can restart the server if the
operating system does not respond within a certain amount of time.

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St. Mary’s University / Faculty of Informatics
Network and system administration

Editions

- Windows Server 2003 comes in a number of editions, each targeted towards a particular
size and type of business. In general, all variants of Windows Server 2003 have the
ability to share files and printers, act as an application server, and host message queues,
provide email services, authenticate users, and to perform other server-oriented functions.

Web Edition

- Windows Server 2003, Web Edition is mainly for building and hosting Web applications,
Web pages, and XML web services. It is designed to be used primarily as an IIS 6.0 Web
server and provides a platform for rapidly developing and deploying XML Web services
and applications that use ASP.NET technology, a key part of the .NET Framework.
Terminal Server mode is not included on Web Edition. However, Remote Desktop for
Administration is available on Windows Server 2003, Web Edition. Only 10 concurrent
file-sharing connections are allowed at any moment. It is not possible to install Microsoft
SQL Server and Microsoft Exchange software in this edition without installing Service
Pack 1. Windows Server 2003 Web Edition supports a maximum of 2 processors with
support for a maximum of 2GB of RAM. Additionally, Windows Server 2003, Web
Edition cannot act as a domain controller. It is the only edition of Windows Server 2003
that does not require Client Access Licenses when used as the internet facing server front
end for Internet Information Services and Windows Server Update Services.

Standard Edition

- Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition is aimed towards small to medium
sized businesses. Standard Edition supports file and printer sharing, offers secure Internet
connectivity, and allows centralized desktop application deployment. The 32-bit version
will run on up to 4 processors with up to 4 GB RAM; the 64-bit version is capable of
addressing up to 32 GB of RAM and also supports Non-Uniform Memory Access. The
32-bit version is available for students to download free of charge as part of Microsoft's
Dream Spark program.
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Network and system administration

Enterprise Edition

- Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition is aimed towards medium to large businesses.
It is a full-function server operating system that supports up to 8 processors and provides
enterprise-class features such as eight-node clustering using Microsoft Cluster Server
(MSCS) software and support for up to 32 GB of memory. Enterprise Edition is also
required to issue custom certificate templates.

Datacenter Edition

- Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition is designed for infrastructures demanding high
security and reliability. It supports a maximum of up to 32 processors on 32-bit or 64
processors on 64-bit hardware. Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition, also allows
limiting processor and memory usage on a per-application basis. Windows Server 2003,
Datacenter Edition has better support for Storage Area Networks (SAN).

Hardware Requirements for Windows Server 2003

- The minimum and recommended system requirements needed to run Windows Server
2003, Standard Edition, Enterprise Edition, Datacenter Edition, and Web Edition.

Requirement Standard Enterprise Edition Datacenter Edition Web

Edition Edition

Minimum CPU Speed 133 MHz 133 MHz for x86-based 400 MHz for x86-based 133 MHz
computers computers

733 MHz for Itanium-based 733 MHz for Itanium-based

computers* computers*

Recommended CPU 550 MHz 733 MHz 733 MHz 550 MHz
Speed

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Network and system administration

Minimum RAM 128 MB 128 MB 512 MB 128 MB

Recommended 256 MB 256 MB 1 GB 256 MB

Minimum RAM

Maximum RAM 4 GB 32 GB for x86-based 64 GB for x86-based 2 GB

computers computers

512 GB for Itanium-based 512 GB for Itanium-based

computers* computers*

Multiprocessor Up to 4 Up to 8 Minimum 8 required Up to 2

Support **
Maximum 64

Disk Space for Setup 1.5 GB 1.5 GB for x86-based 1.5 GB for x86-based 1.5 GB
computers computers

2.0 GB for Itanium-based 2.0 GB for Itanium-based

computers* computers*

* Important: The 64-bit versions of Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition and Windows
Server 2003, Datacenter Edition are only compatible with 64-bit Intel Itanium-based systems.
They cannot be successfully installed on 32-bit systems.

** Windows Server 2003 may not use multiple processors with some Intel Pentium Pro or
Pentium II Processors.

- Client software
o In a stand – alone system, when the user types a command that requests the
computer to perform task, the request goes over the computer’s local bus to the
computer CPU.
o In a network environment, however, a user initiates a request to use a resource
that exists on a server in another part of the network, the request has to be
forwarded, or redirected, away from the local bus, out onto the network, and from
there to the server with the requested resource.

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St. Mary’s University / Faculty of Informatics
Network and system administration

o The server processes the connection requested by client redirectors and gives
them access to the resources they request. In other words, the servers services- or
fulfill- the request made by the client.
o Some example of client OS
 Window 98
 Window 2000
 Window XP etc.
3.1. Client / Server Computing

- Client-server architecture is network architecture in which each computer or process on

the network is either a client or a server.
- Servers are powerful computers or processes dedicated to managing disk drives (file
servers), printers (print servers), or network traffic (network servers ).
- Clients are PCs or workstations on which users run applications. Clients rely on servers
for resources, such as files, devices, and even processing power.
- Another type of network architecture is known as a peer-to-peer architecture because
each node has equivalent responsibilities.
- Both client/server and peer-to-peer architectures are widely used, and each has unique
advantages and disadvantages.

3.2. Peer-to-Peer network

- A peer-to-peer network is a network of computers that allows each user to control his or
her own desktop settings, resource sharing, and security. There is no centralized control
of security, no single logon environment, and no ability to maintain a roaming desktop
environment (this requires a client/server network environment).
- To create a peer network, you must have the following components:
o A network interface card.
o Cable that is supported by the network cards.
o Windows 98 drivers for the network cards.
o A common workgroup name.
o A unique computer name for each computer.

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St. Mary’s University / Faculty of Informatics
Network and system administration

NOTE: The computer name must be unique for each computer on the network and should be no
more than 15 characters in length. In small networks, the workgroup name should be the same
for each computer so that all computers are visible in the same workgroup when browsing. You
should not use spaces or the following characters in computer and workgroup names: / \ * , .
" @

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