REPORTED SPEECH / MOWA ZALEŻNA

Mowa zależna służy do przytaczania czyichś słów, ale nie w formie cytatu:

John: „I’m tired” → John said that he was tired.

W mowie zależnej używamy innych czasów niż w zdaniu wyjściowym. Przy

zamianie na mowę zależną należy kierować się następującym schematem:

MOWA NIEZALEŻNA MOWA ZALEŻNA

Present Simple → Past Simple

Present Continuous → Past Continuous

Past Simple → Past Perfect

Past Cotinuous → Past Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect → Past Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous

Future Simple ( will.../shall... ) → Future in the Past ( would... )

Future Continuous → Future Continuous in the Past

Past Perfect → Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous → Past Pefect Continuous

could/should/ought to → could/should/ought to

can → could

may → might

must* → must / had to / would have to

tryb rozkazujący → (not) to + bezokolicznik

let’s visit.... → ... suggested visiting... / ...suggested that we should...

*must może w mowie zależnej przybierać różne formy:

- „had to” jeśli mówimy o teraźniejszości / chwili obecnej

- „would have to” jeśli mówimy o przyszłości

- „must” jeśli mówimy o czymś stałym, niezmiennym

Trzeba też pamiętać o tym, że niektóre zaimki lub określenia czasu będą
musiały zostać zmienione:

MOWA NIEZALEŻNA MOWA ZALEŻNA

here → there

now → then, at the time

today → that day

tomorrow → the next day, the following day

next week, next month itp. → the following week, the following month itp.

yesterday → the day before / the previous day

last week, last month itp. → the week before / the previous week itd.

this → that

these → those

ago → earlier

EXERCISES

I Uzupełnij luki tak, aby utworzyć poprawne zdania w mowie zależnej:

1. My brother is in hospital.
→ Bob said that ..........................................................................................

2. I haven’t seen her for 5 days.

→ Bob said that ..........................................................................................

3. I’ve been playing football a lot recently.

→ Bob said that ...........................................................................................

4. I don’ t know what Chris is doing.

→ Bob said that ..........................................................................................

5. I hardly ever go to a swimming pool these days.

→ Bob said that ..........................................................................................

6. I work 10 hours a day.

→ Bob said that ...........................................................................................

7. She has had a baby.

→ Bob said that .........................................................................................

8. I’ll tell Tom I saw you.

→ Bob said that .........................................................................................

9. John had an accident last week.

→ Bob said that ...........................................................................................

10. Tom and Susan are getting married next month.

→ Bob said that ...........................................................................................

11. I have no time.

→ He said ...................................................................................................

12.I cannot read without glasses.

→ She told us .............................................................................................

13.We are very happy to be here.

→ They said ................................................................................................

14.We must leave at once.

→ Susan told her father ..............................................................................

15.We cannot help your colleague.

→ They said .................................................................................................

16. We always take tea without sugar.

→ They said .................................................................................................

17. I am going to write a letter.

→ She said ...................................................................................................

18. I will invite all my friends to this party.

→ He said .....................................................................................................

19. Don’t tell them the truth!

→ She asked me ..........................................................................................

20. What’s your name?

→ I asked him ..............................................................................................

II Mary bought a new dress. She talked about it to her friend Ann. Write what
the girls said.

Mary: „I've just bought a new dress.”

→ Mary told Ann that ........................................................................................

Mary: „How do you like it, Ann?”

→ .......................................................................................................................

Ann: „It's very nice.”

→ .......................................................................................................................

Ann: „Are you going to wear it to John's party?”

→ ..........................................................................................................................

Mary: „Yes, I am.”

→ ..........................................................................................................................

Mary: „That's just why I bought it.”

→ ..........................................................................................................................

III Mr. Smith lost his glasses. Write what he said.

"I can't find my glasses. I'm sure I didn't leave them in the car. I expect Mary
will help me to find them. I don't often lose things. I think I left them at home. I
believe I put them near the telephone. I won't tell my wife I have lost them".
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

IV Przekształć poniższe opowiadanie na mowę zależną:

Mrs. White said to her husband: "My friend Sylvia is coming for the weekend".

...............................................................................................................................

Mr. White answered: "I'm afraid I'll have to go to town on Saturday to see
Uncle Henry".

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

Mrs. White said: "Can't you go another day? Sylvia wants to meet you. She has
come from Canada and won't stay here long".

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

Mr. White answered: "All right. I'll telephone Uncle Henry and tell him I'll visit
him next week".

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
V Pan Kowalski był na kursie w Anglii i po powrocie do Polski opowiada swoim
kolegom o przybyciu na uniwersytet i powtarza pytania, jakie mu zadawali
uczestnicy kursu:

"Is it your first visit to Britain?"

I was asked if ..........................................................................................................

"Did you come by plane?"

................................................................................................................................

"Was the flight good?"

................................................................................................................................

"Which university do you work at?"

................................................................................................................................

"Have you got many students?"

................................................................................................................................

"Are people in your country learning many foreign languages?"

................................................................................................................................

"Are they keen on learning English?"

................................................................................................................................

"What do you think of English food?"

................................................................................................................................

"Which part of Britain do you like best?"

................................................................................................................................

"Where are you going to stay after the course?"

................................................................................................................................

"When will you return home?"

................................................................................................................................

VI Przetłumacz poniższe zdania na angielski w odpowiednim czasie, a następnie

przekształć na mowę zależną:

1. Tom zapytał siostrę: „Gdzie byłaś?"

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

2. Pani Brown zapytała syna: „Co robiłeś od rana?"

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

3. Pan Smith powiedział do żony: „Wychodzimy, jesteś gotowa?"

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

4. Mary powiedziała do przyjaciółki: ,,Boję się, że przegapimy pociąg".

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

5. Pani Brown powiedziała do pani Jones: „Mój mąż wyjechał w piątek".

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

6. Tom zapytał brata: „Czy wziąłeś moją piłkę?"

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

7. Mary powiedziała do siostry: „Jestem przeziębiona".

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

8. Jej siostra zapytała: „Dlaczego nie wzywasz lekarza?"

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

9. Nauczyciel powiedział do klasy: „Nie róbcie tyle hałasu".

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

VII Przekształć na mowę zależną:

1. The man said: "Get out of my

way". ......................................................................................................................
..........
2. "You can phone from my office, Ann", I told
her. .........................................................................................................................
.......

3. Another passenger came in and said: "Is this seat

taken?" ..................................................................................................................
..............

4. My English teacher asked me: "Have you read Graham Greene's latest
novel?" ...................................................................................................................
.............

5. "Don't say anything to make mother angry", said my

father. ....................................................................................................................
............

6. "Don't forget to put your names at the top of the page", said the
teacher. ..................................................................................................................
..............

7. "Did any of you see the accident happen?", said the

policeman. .............................................................................................................
...................

8. "We are waiting for the school bus", said the

children. .................................................................................................................
...............

9. "I have a message for your brother", I said to

Jack. .......................................................................................................................
.........
10. "Who did you give the money to?", Ann asked
Betty. ......................................................................................................................
..........

11. "We'll wait for you if you are late", said my

friends. ...................................................................................................................
.............

12. "Who do you want to speak to?", said the telephone

operator. ................................................................................................................
...............

13. "Don't smoke so much", said Helen to

Jim. .........................................................................................................................
......

14. "My car is being repaired", said Mr.

Brown. ...................................................................................................................
............

15. "The test questions were prepared a week ago", said the
teacher. ..................................................................................................................
..............

16. "The examination will be taken by 50 students", said the

professor. ...............................................................................................................
.................

17. The shopkeeper said: "The order can't be made out

immediately". ........................................................................................................
........................
18. The doctor stated: "The man was killed last
night". ....................................................................................................................
............

19. The clerk said: "Information can be obtained from the

secretary". .............................................................................................................
...................

20. Jim said: "I must be at the docks at 6 a.m.

tomorrow". ............................................................................................................
....................

21. "You mustn't come in without knocking", Mrs. Smith told

us. ..........................................................................................................................
......22. "I must fly to Rome next week", said
Jane. .......................................................................................................................
.........23. "You mustn't play with knives, children", said
mother. ..................................................................................................................
..............

24. "You may have the car if you want it, Jim", said
father. ....................................................................................................................
............

25. "Must you make such a noise?", he

asked. .....................................................................................................................
...........

26. "Charles may have some new records", said

Lucy. .......................................................................................................................
.........
27. "Must you do all the work tonight?", I asked
Tom. .......................................................................................................................
.........28. "Have you ever seen a plane crash?", asked John. "No", I
said. ........................................................................................................................
........

29. "Let's give a party", said

Ann. ........................................................................................................................
........

30. "Will you come to meet him at the station?", asked John. "Yes", I
said. ........................................................................................................................
........

31. "Let's stay here till the storm has passed", he

said. ........................................................................................................................
.......

32. "Do you often go to the Zoo?", said Jim. "No", said
Mary. ......................................................................................................................
.........

33. "Shall I help you?", said Tom. "Thank you, it's very kind of you", said
Jim. .........................................................................................................................
......

34. "Hello, Tom!", said Henry. "When did you arrive in

London?" ...............................................................................................................
.................