Vygotsky- Zone of Proximal Development

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distance between actual developmental level determined by inde-
pended problem solving and the level of potential development as
Zone of proximal development
determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or in
collaberation with more cabable peers.
temporary support or aid that is tailored to the learner's needs and
Scaffolding abilities and is aimed at helping the learner master the next task
given in the learning process.
basic materials or abilities for intellectual development.
1. attention
Elementary Mental Functions 2. Perception
3. sensation
4. memory
- a higher mental function that is affected by the culture we grow
Memory
up in. Can alter the strategy or the way we remember things.
Cooperative/ Collaborative dialoge learning that occurs though social interaction with a skillful tutor.
- an individual with better understanding or higher ability level than
More knowledgeable Other (MKO)
the learner with respect to a certain task.
plays two major roles in cognitive development.
Language
- though is a result of language.
1. primitive/natural stage: behavior
2. Naive Psychology: child experiences with his or her own body
(increasingly correct use of language)
Developmental stages of thought-language relationships
3. egocentric speech:
4. In- growth stage: external operations turned inwards (counting
in head)
primitive/natural stage of thought behavior
child experiences with his or her own body. Increasingly correct
naive psychology
use of language.
use of extrenal signs as aids in the solution of internal problems
egocentric speech
(counting on fingers)
In-growth stage external operations turn inwards (counting in head)
occasions when people talk aloud to themselves.
most oftenly seen in children
Private/internal speech
- those that use more often are more socially competent than
those that dont use it extensively.
develops after or when the preintellectual stage and he prelingual
speech/thought
stage meet and rational speech is formed.
first phase of speech/thought.
syncretism - mental activity characteristic of early childhood in which objects
are joined quite arbitrarily or senselessly.
Pure Syncretism trial and error
egoistic selection based upon a child's visual field
- second phase of speech/thought
Complexes
- objects united by bonds and facts
associative complex ie= family bond.
collection complex collectives of families/sets
chain complex objects connected by common attribute.
diffuse complex fluidity of the attriubte connecting one object to next
pseudo conecpt adult thinking. perceptual bonds are made.
a single attribute is abstracted to form the basis of collective.
third phase concepts
mastering of complex and abstract thoughts.

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Vygotsky- Zone of Proximal Development
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dependent upon verbal instruction, and may not be equally in all
Vygotsky's Criticism
types of learning or cultures.
planes of developments from first utterances and gestures up to
Vygotsky's accomplishments
high school youth. (his approach is used in classrooms today).

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