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Maths

This document provides 15 problems on exact differential equations and linear differential equations to solve. The problems cover a variety of equation types including: exact differential equations with integral factors, linear differential equations, Bernoulli's equation, and homogeneous equations. The key steps outlined are identifying the appropriate equation type based on conditions for an integral factor or standard form, then applying the integral factor or transforming the equation accordingly before solving.

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626 views4 pages

Maths

This document provides 15 problems on exact differential equations and linear differential equations to solve. The problems cover a variety of equation types including: exact differential equations with integral factors, linear differential equations, Bernoulli's equation, and homogeneous equations. The key steps outlined are identifying the appropriate equation type based on conditions for an integral factor or standard form, then applying the integral factor or transforming the equation accordingly before solving.

Uploaded by

VirusMusic & Co.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem Sheet 1. Exact Differential Equations.

1. Problems on Exact differential equations.


Solve the following equations:
1. (y2 – x2 ) dx + 2xydy = 0 [ Ans: xy2 – (x3/3) = c ]
2. (2xycosx2 – 2xy + 1) dx + (sinx2 – x2) dy = 0 [ Ans: ysinx2 – x2y + x = c ]
dy ycosx + siny+ y
3. dx + sinx+ xcosy+ x =0 [ Ans: ysinx + x(y + siny ) = c ]

dy y +1
4. dx = ( ) y [Ans: (y + 1)(x – ex) = c ]
y +2 e −x

(1+ e ) dx +e
x x

( ) x
]
x
5. y y
1− dy=0 ; y(0) = 4 [ Ans: (1+ ye y ) = 4
y

6. ( cosx + ysinx)dx = cosx dy ; y(π) = 0 [ Ans: sinx – ycosx = 0 ]


7. ( y e xy + 4 y 3 ) dx+ ( x e xy+12 x y 2 −2 y ) dy =0 ; y(0) = 2
[ Ans: exy + 4xy2 – y2 = -3 ]
8. ( 4x3y3dx + 3x4y2dy ) – ( 2xydx + x2dy ) = 0 [ Ans: x4y3 – x2y = c ]
9. (ex + 1) cosx dx + ex sinx dy = 0 [ Ans: sinx (ex + 1) = c ]
10.( 1 + log(xy)]dx + ( 1 + (x/y) )dy = 0 [ Ans: y + xlog(xy) = c ]
11.[ y (1 + 1/x) + cosy]dx + (x + logx – xsiny)dy = o [ Ans: y(x + logy )+x cosy = c ]
dy y
12. dx = 2 ylogy+ y−x [Ans: y2logy – xy = c ]

13.( y e xy −2 y 3 ) dx + ( x e xy −6 x y 2−2 y ) dy=0 [ Ans: exy – 2xy3 – y2 = c ]


dy tany−2 xy− y
14. dx = 2 2 2
x −x tan y +sec y
[hint: for exact use 1+tan 2
x = sec 2
x;

[Ans: xtany – x2y – xy – tany = c ]


15.( y 2 e xy 2 +4 x 3 ) dx + ( 2 xy e xy 2−3 y 2 ) dy=0 [Ans: e xy 2 + x4 – y3 = c ]
16. (tany + x)dx + (xsec2y – 3y)dy = 0 [Ans: xtany + (x2/2) – (3y2/2) = c ]
Equations reduced to Exact Differential Equations:
∂ M ∂N
−
Type 1: If ∂ y ∂x = f(x) then Integral Factor = e∫ ( ) dx f x

Solve the equations:

1. (x2 + y2 + 1)dx – 2xydy = 0 [ I.F. 1/x2 Ans: x2 – y2 – 1 = cx ]


2. (2xlogx – xy)dy + 2y = 0 [ I.F. 1/x Ans: 2ylogx – y2/2 = c ]
3. (xy2 – e(1/x3) )dx – x2y dy = 0 [ I.F. 1/x4 Ans: 1/3 e(1/x3) – y2/2x2 = c ]
4. (y – 2x2)dx – x(1 – xy )dy = 0 [ I F 1/x2 Ans: -(y/x) – 2x + y2/2 = c ]
5. (x sec2y – x2 cosy )dy = (tany – 3x4)dx [ I F 1/x2 Ans: - (tany/x) – x3 + siny = c ]
6. (x2 + y2 +x)dx + xy dy = 0 [ I F x Ans: 3x4 + 6x2y2 + 4x3 = C ]
7. x sinx dy/dx + y(xcosx – sinx ) = 2 [ I F 1/x2 Ans: (2/x) + (ysinx)/x = c ]
ycosx ysinx 2
[Hint: ∫ Mdx =∫ x
dx−∫ 2 dx−∫ 2
x x
cosx x−1 x−1 x−1
= y∫ x dx - y [sinx −∫ −1 cosxdx ¿−2 ¿
−1 −1
cosx ysinx cosx
= y ∫ x dx + x - y ∫ x dx + 2/x = 2/x + (ysinx)/x = c.

8. (x – y2)dx + 2xydy = 0 [ I F 1/x2 Ans: x logx + y2 = c ]


9. (1 – xy + x2y2)dx + (x3y – x2)dy = 0 [ I F 1/x Ans: logx - xy + x2y2/2 = c.]
10. (x4 + y4)dx – xy3dy = 0 [I F x5 Ans: logx – 4y4/x4 = c ]

∂N ∂M
−
Type 11: If ∂x ∂ y = f(y) then Integral Factor = e∫ ( f y)
dy
M

1. (y4 + 2y)dx + (xy3 + 2y4 – 4x)dy = 0 [ I F 1/y3 Ans: ( y + 2/y2) + 3y2/2 = c ]


2. (2xy4ey + 2xy3 + y)dx + (x2eyy4 – x2y2 – 3x)dy = 0
[ I F 1/y4 Ans: x2ey + x2/y + x/y3 = c ]
3. xex(dx – dy) + exdx + yeydy = 0 [ I F e-y Ans: xex-y + y2/2 = c ]
4. ((y/x) secy – tany)dx + (secy logx – x)dy = o [ I F cosy Ans: ylogx – xsiny = c ]
5. y(xy + ex)dx – ex dy = 0 [ I F I/y2 Ans: x2/2 + ex/y = c ]
6. (xy3 + y)dx + 2(x2y2 + x + y4 ) dy = 0 [ I F y Ans: 3x2y4 + 6xy2 + y6 = c ]
Type III: The equation is of the form y f 1(x,y)dx + x f2(x,y)dy = 0
then Integral Factor is 1/(Mx – Ny) provided Mx – Ny ≠ 0

Solve the equations :


1. y(1 + xy + x2y2)dx + x(1 – xy + x2y2)dy = 0
[ IF 1/2x2y2 Ans: - 1/2xy + xy/2 + (1/2)log(x/y) = c ]
2. y(xy + 2x2y2)dx + x(xy – x2y2)dy = 0
[ IF 1/3x3y3 Ans: - 1/3xy + (2/3)logx – (1/3)logy = c ]

( ) OR y(x y + 2)dx + x(2 – 2x y ) = 0


2 3
dy x y +2 y
3. dx =− 3 2
2 2 2 2
2 x−2 x y

[I F 1/3x3y3 Ans: (1/3) logx – (2/3)logy – 2/3x2y2 = c ]


4. (x3y3 +x2y2 + xy + 1)ydx + (x3y3 – x2y2 – xy + 1)xdy = 0
5. (y + xy2)dx + (x – x2y)dy = 0
6. (xysin(xy) + cos(xy))ydx + (xy sin(xy) – cos(xy))xdy = 0

Type IV: The equation is homogenous equation then


Integral Factor is 1/(Mx + Ny) provided Mx + Ny ≠ 0
Solve the equations

1. (x2y – 2xy2)dx – (x3 – 3x2y)dy


2. y(x + y)dx – x(y – x)dy = 0
3. (x2 – xy + y2)dx – xydy = 0
4. x dy/dx + y2/x = y OR (y2 – xy)dx + x2 dy = 0
5. 3x2y4dx + 4x3y3 dy = 0
6. (x4 + y4)dx -xy3dy = 0
7. (x2 + y2)dx – (x2 + xy)dy =0
Equations reduced Linear Differential Equations
Type I f’(y)dy/dx + f(y) P = Q where P , Q are functions of x or constant.
Solve the equations:
1. dy/dx + xsin2y = x3cos2y
2. xdy/dx + y logy = xyex OR (1/y)dy/dx + (logy)/x = ex
3. dy/dx + tanx tany = cosx secy OR cosy dy/dx + tanx siny = cosx
4. dy/dx = ex-y(ex – ey) OR eydy/dx + ex ey = e2x
5. (secx tanx tany – ex)dx + secx sec2y dy = 0 OR sec2ydy/dx + tanxtany = ex/secx
6. dy/dx = xy + y2 e(-x2/2) logx
7. dz/dx + (z/x)logz = (z/x2) (logz)2
[ Hint: divide equation by (1/z)dz/dx + (1/x)logz = (1/x2) (logz)2
Put logz = y equation can be written as dy/dx + (y/x) = y2/x2
Divide by y2, (1/y2)dy/dx + (1/y)(1/x) = 1/x2 which can be solved ]

Type II f’(x)dx/dy + f(x) P = Q where P , Q are functions of y or constant.


Solve the equations:
1. xy(1+xy2)dy/dx =1 OR (1/x2) dx/dy – (1/x)y = y3
2. y (dx/dy) = x – yx2 siny OR dx/dy – x/y = - x2 siny
3. y (dx/dy) = x – yx2 cosy OR dx/dy – x/y = - x2 cosy
4. dy/dx = y3/(e2x + y2) eqn can be rewrite dx/dy = (e2x + y2) / y3
i.e.) dx/dx = e2x/y3 + 1/y divide by e2x ⇒ e-2x dx/dy – e-2x 1/y = 1/y2

Bernoulli’s Equation: dy/dx + py = Q yn where P and Q are functions of x

or dx/dy + P x = Q xn where P and Q are functions of y.

Solve the Equations: 1.x dy/dx + y = x3y6

[Hint: first divide by y6 then divide by x eqn becomes (1/y6 )dy/dx +(1/x) (1/y5)= x2 ]

2. y – cosx dy/dx = y2(1-sinx)cosx [hint divide by y2cosx convert standard form]


3. dy/dx = xy + y2 e(-x2/2) logx [ divide by y2 convert into standard form ]
4. dy/dx + (x / (1 – x2)y = x y ½ [ Hint: divide by y1/2 ]
5. ydx + x (1 – 3x2y2)dy = 0 OR dx/dy + (1/y)x = 3x3y ]

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