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LINUX TUTORIAL

70 LINUX
QUESTIONS
Part - II
MCQ
Case study
Troubleshooting
Conceptual
True/False
Linux Basics
SSH File Permissions

Automation Services Networking

Redirection Process

System Monitoring
Ques: 1

What is RHEL Linux stands for?

Ques: 1

What is RHEL Linux stands for?

Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system.

Ques: 2

Give some examples of Linux distributions?

Ques: 3

What is kernel?
Ques: 3

What is kernel?

The Linux kernel is the main component of a Linux OS and is the core interface
between a computer’s hardware and its processes.

It communicates between the 2, managing resources as efficiently as possible.

Ques: 4

What is swap space?

Ques: 4

What is swap space?

Swap space in Linux is used when the amount of physical memory (RAM) is
full. If the system needs more memory resources and the RAM is full, inactive
pages in memory are moved to the swap space.
Ques: 5

Search a word in a file and replace it in entire file?

Ques: 5

Search a word in a file and replace it in entire file?

Using sed command.

sed 's/<string_to_change>/<new_string>/g' file_name

Ques: 6

What is use of SCP command?

Ques: 6

What is use of SCP command?

The scp command copies files or directories between a local and a

remote system or between two remote systems.
SCP uses SSH for data transfer.
Ques: 7

What is use of FTP command?

Ques: 7

What is use of FTP command?

FTP is the file transfer protocol to exchange files to

and from a remote computer or network.
Ques: 8

What is alias and how to setup?

Ques: 8

What is alias and how to setup?

To create shortcut to the command or task

alias d="ls -ltr | awk '{print \$9}'"
Ques: 9

Difference between upgrade and update system?

Ques: 9

Difference between upgrade and update system?

Update: updates all the presently installed packages to their latest

versions that are available in the repositories

Upgrade: performs the same action as “yum update”, but once finished
it also removes all of the obsolete packages from the system.
Ques: 10
Name default ports used for DNS, SMTP, FTP, SSH, DHCP and squid.
Ques: 10

DNS - 53
SMTP - 25
FTP - 21
SSH - 22
DHCP - 67,68
Squid - 3128
Http - 80
Https - 443
Ques: 11

How to check if a package is installed or not?

Ques: 11

How to check if a package is installed or not?

rpm -qa | grep <package_name>

Ques: 12

Which of the following commands sends exactly three

ping packets to google.com?
Ques: 12

Which of the following commands sends exactly three

ping packets to google.com?

ping -c 3 google.com
Ques: 13

Which file contains a list of group names and GIDs?

Ques: 13

Which file contains a list of group names and GIDs?

/etc/group/
Ques: 14

Which of the following contains the value of the

exit status of the previously executed command?
Ques: 14

Which of the following contains the value of the

exit status of the previously executed command?

$?
Ques: 15

Which command displays the number and type of

processors used by a Linux system?
Ques: 15

Which command displays the number and type of

processors used by a Linux system?

cat /proc/cpuinfo
lscpu
Ques: 16

Which command should you use to get a list of connected

USB devices?

listusb
usbls
lsusb
getusb
Ques: 16

Which command should you use to get a list of connected

USB devices?

lsusb
Ques: 17
Which of the following environment variables is used as the default
argument for the "cd" command when no directory is provided?

PWD
HOME
PATH
USERPROFILE
Ques: 17
Which of the following environment variables is used as the default
argument for the "cd" command when no directory is provided?

PWD
HOME
PATH
USERPROFILE
Ques: 18
True or False. A command following a semicolon will be executed no matter the
exit status of the command that preceded the semicolon.

Example: cd /root ; cat /etc/passwd

Ques: 18
True or False. A command following a semicolon will be executed no matter the
exit status of the command that preceded the semicolon.

Example: cd /root ; cat /etc/passwd

TRUE
Ques: 19

What are the valid values of the exit status?

Ques: 19

What are the valid values of the exit status?

0-255
Ques: 20

According to the FHS, what is the correct directory for

log files?
Ques: 20

According to the FHS, what is the correct directory for

log files?

/var/log/
Ques: 21

What port must be open to ping a given host?

Ques: 21

What port must be open to ping a given host?

Ping don't use port

Ques: 22

How will you transfer file from a Linux server to your

windows OS and vice versa?
Ques: 22

How will you transfer file from a Linux server to your

windows OS and vice versa?

Using SSH, FTP, SFTP and tools like WinSCP, FileZilla

Ques: 23

Can you split a file into two? If yes, then how?

Ques: 23

Can you split a file into two? If yes, then how?

split -l 3 file_name
Ques: 24

How you can get the unique values from a list?

Ques: 24

How you can get the unique values from a list?

sort file_name | uniq

Ques: 25

Using VI editor, how you will edit and save a file?

Ques: 25

Using VI editor, how you will edit and save a file?

vi file_name
i - for insert
ESC - to come out of insert mode
wq - to save
Ques: 26

What is the difference between find and locate

command?
Ques: 26

What is the difference between find and locate

command?

locate command search in it's own db and you

will need to keep updating db.
Ques: 27

What is TEE Command used for?

Ques: 28

What is Xargs used for?

Ques: 29

How you can find no. of files, folders in a directory?

Ques: 29

How you can find no. of files, folders in a directory?

ls -1 | wc -l
Ques: 30

I want to read only line 25 to 30th Line, how you

will do it?
Ques: 30

I want to read only line 26 to 30th Line, how you

will do it?

head -30 file_name | tail -5

Ques: 31

What is the use of Tar command?

Ques: 31

What is the use of Tar command?

The tar command is used to compress a group of files into an archive.

Tar archives combine multiple files and/or directories together into a
single file.
Ques: 32

How to redirect both standard output and error to

a file?
Ques: 32

How to redirect both standard output and error to

a file?

command > file 2>&1

Ques: 33

Name some commands for DNS resolution?

Ques: 33

Name some commands for DNS resolution?

ping, nslookup, dig and host

Ques: 34

What is use of At command?

Ques: 34

What is use of At command?

Command used to schedule a task once.

Ques: 35

Which service is used by At command?

Ques: 35

Which service is used by At command?

Atd
Ques: 36
Which command syntax is correct if you want to assign
read only permission to everyone and
write permission to the owner of the file?

chmod o+w, chmod a+r

chmod u+w, chmod a+r
chmod a+w, chmod o+r
chmod u-w, chmod a+r
Ques: 36
Which command syntax is correct if you want to assign
read only permission to everyone and
write permission to the owner of the file?

chmod o+w, chmod a+r

chmod u+w, chmod a+r
chmod a+w, chmod o+r
chmod u-w, chmod a+r
Ques: 37
Which command changes the group ownership of the
"/var/www" directory to the "nginx" group?

chgrp nginx /var/www

changegrp nginx /var/www
grpchange nginx /var/www
Ques: 37
Which command changes the group ownership of the
"/var/www" directory to the "nginx" group?

chgrp nginx /var/www

changegrp nginx /var/www
grpchange nginx /var/www
Ques: 38
What is chmod 777 file_name?
Ques: 38
What is chmod 777 file_name?

This is a way of changing permission using numeric mode.

777 means provide all the permissions rwx to user, group and
other users also.
Ques: 39
What is ACL and it's advantage?
Ques: 39
What is ACL and it's advantage?

Access Control List is used to modify the permissions of files.

for this we use setfacl and getfacl commands

Advantage: We can provide permission to a specific user.

Ques: 40
What are links in Linux and it's type?
Ques: 41
Difference between Hard and Soft links?
Ques: 42
What command you can use to see all the environment
variables?
Ques: 42
What command you can use to see all the environment
variables?

env or printenv
Ques: 43
What are the different ways to set environment variables?
Ques: 43
What are the different ways to set environment variables?

At user level:
Temporary
Permanent

At global level
Ques: 44
How can you set environment variables in Linux?
Ques: 44
How can you set environment variables in Linux?

using export command

to set variable for the current user - .bashrc

to set variable for globally - /etc/bashrc or /etc/profile
Ques: 45
What command allows you to display all the process IDs of the
running nginx processes?
Ques: 45
What command allows you to display all the process IDs of the
running nginx processes?

pidof httpd
Ques: 46
What is nice value of a process?
Ques: 47
How to check the nice value of a process?
Ques: 47
How to check the nice value of a process?

ps -l PID
Ques: 48
You want a process with a PID of 8675 to complete its task faster than the default
rate. Which command should you run to accomplish this goal?
Ques: 48
You want a process with a PID of 8675 to complete its task faster than the default
rate. Which command should you run to accomplish this goal?

renice -20 -p 8675,

this can be done by top command also
Ques: 49
What command can be used to check the %CPU and %Memory
of a process?
Ques: 49
What command can be used to check the %CPU and %Memory
of a process?

top command
Ques: 50
If you want to run a task/script in background even if you
close your terminal, what is the way?
Ques: 51
How to see all the active jobs?
Ques: 51
How to see all the active jobs?

jobs
Ques: 52
How to resume a stopped job in background or foreground?
Ques: 52
How to resume a stopped job in background or foreground?

bg
fg
Ques: 53
Which command displays information about kernel-related messages along with
hardware and system startup messages stored in kernel ring buffer?
Ques: 53
Which command displays information about kernel-related messages along with
hardware and system startup messages stored in kernel ring buffer?

dmesg
Ques: 54
In a directory you have a combination of files like xml, yml, scripts, logs etc,
how you will get/see only xml files?
Ques: 54
In a directory you have a combination of files like xml, yml, scripts, logs etc,
how you will get/see only xml files?

ls -l *.xml
Ques: 55
Create 100 files with naming file1, file2 file3... file100.
Ques: 55
Create 100 files with naming file1, file2 file3... file100.

touch file{1..100}
Ques: 56
How would you display all the files in the present working
directory that start with either the letter "c" or "m"?
Ques: 56
How would you display all the files in the present working
directory that start with either the letter "c" or "m"?

ls [cm]*
Ques: 57
Run a command that shows all the lines except any lines starting
with the a character # in a file?
Ques: 57
Run a command that shows all the lines except any lines starting
with the a character # in a file?

cat file | grep -v ^#

Ques: 58
Which of the following commands lists all files and
directories except those beginning with the letter "a"?

ls -1 | grep -i ^a
ls -1 | grep -v ^a
ls -1 | grep -e ^a
ls -1 | grep -x ^a
Ques: 58
Which of the following commands lists all files and
directories except those beginning with the letter "e"?

ls -1 | grep -v ^a
Ques: 59
Which of the following Bash commands produces the output of
"bat bet bit bot"?

echo b{ae}t
echo b{a,e,i,o}t
echo b[a,e,i,o]t
echo b[aeio]t
Ques: 59
Which of the following Bash commands produces the output of
"bat bet bit bot"?

echo b{ae}t
echo b{a,e,i,o}t
echo b[a,e,i,o]t
echo b[aeio]t
Ques: 60
What is a VM?
Ques: 60
What is a VM?

A virtual machine (VM) is a virtual environment that functions as a

virtual computer system with its own CPU, memory, network
interface, and storage, created on a physical hardware system
Ques: 61
You have a windows machine and you want to test an
application on Linux, what you can do?
Ques: 61
You have a windows machine and you want to test an
application on Linux, what you can do?

We can use VM to use multiple OS like Linux on our windows

machine and test our application.
Ques: 62
What is hypervisor?
Ques: 63
What are the type of hypervisors?
Ques: 64
Which command can you use to display a list of currently
configured Physical Volumes?

lv
lvs
vls
vl
Ques: 64
Which command can you use to display a list of currently
configured Physical Volumes?

lvs
or sudo lvs (as it required root access)
Ques: 65
Which command can you use to display a list of currently
configured Volume Groups?

vg
vgs
lvg
vgl
Ques: 65
Which command can you use to display a list of currently
configured Volume Groups?

vg
vgs
lvg
vgl
Ques: 66
Which command displays memory usage, including the amount
of swap space being used?
Ques: 66
Which command displays memory usage, including the amount
of swap space being used?

free command
Ques: 67
The /home partition is running out of disk space. Which
command can you use to determine which user's home
directory is using the most space?
Ques: 67
The /home partition is running out of disk space. Which
command can you use to determine which user's home
directory is using the most space?

we can use du command

Ques: 68
A user reports that they are receiving a "Connection timed out" error when
attempting to SSH into a Linux server you support.

You suspect a firewall is blocking inbound SSH attempts, and you contact the
networking team to investigate.

Assuming SSH is using the default port, which port number do you provide to
the networking team to investigate?
Ques: 68
A user reports that they are receiving a "Connection timed out" error when
attempting to SSH into a Linux server you support.

You suspect a firewall is blocking inbound SSH attempts, and you contact the
networking team to investigate.

Assuming SSH is using the default port, which port number do you provide to
the networking team to investigate?

Answer: 22
Ques: 69
What is Linux FileSystem?
Ques: 70
How to check your Linux FileSystem?
Ques: 70
How to check your Linux FileSystem?

lsblk -f