FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

In your own words in our lessons in Piaget’s theory answer the following questions:
1. Does the lesson consider Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which suggest the children’s
thinking abilities develop in stages?

• Yes , because Piaget's theory of cognitive development is a well-known and influential theory in
developmental psychology. Piaget suggested that children's thinking abilities develop in stages, with each
stage characterized by different types of thinking and abilities. The stages are the sensorimotor stage (0-2
years), the preoperational stage (2-7 years), the concrete operational stage (7-11 years), and the formal
operational stage (11 years and up). In each stage, children develop new cognitive abilities and ways of
thinking about the world, building upon what they have learned in previous stages.

2. Does the lesson provide opportunities for student to actively construct their own understanding of
new concept, as Piaget believed was necessary for learning?

• Yes ,It provide opportunities for students to actively construct their own understanding of new concepts
because , Piaget believed that learning is an active process, and that children construct their own
understanding of the world by interacting with their environment and making sense of their experiences.
According to Piaget, learning is most effective when children are actively engaged in the learning process,
and when they are able to build new knowledge and understanding by connecting it to what they already
know.

3. Does the lesson encourage student to engage in discovery learning, or process of exploring and
experimenting with new concept on their own?

• Yes, Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the importance of discovery learning, or
the process of exploring and experimenting with new concepts on one's own. According to Piaget,
learning is most effective when it is an active process that involves the learner's own exploration and
experimentation. In Piaget's theory, children actively construct their own understanding of the world
through their experiences and interactions with their environment. They do this by exploring and
experimenting with objects and ideas, and by making sense of their experiences through their own
thinking and problem-solving processes.

4. Does the lesson provide opportunities for student to engage in peer collaboration, which Piaget
believed was important for cognitive development?
• Yes, Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that peer collaboration is an important aspect of
cognitive development. Piaget believed that children learn from each other through interactions and
discussions with their peers. In Piaget's theory, learning is a social process that occurs through interactions
with others. Peer collaboration allows students to share their ideas and perspectives, to ask questions, and
to work together to solve problems. Through this process, students can develop their cognitive skills and
deepen their understanding of the concepts they are studying.

5. Does the lesson use concrete examples and hands-on activities to help students develop concrete
operational thinking which Piaget identified as a key stage of cognitive development?

• Yes, Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the importance of concrete examples and
hands-on activities in helping students develop concrete operational thinking, which is a key stage of
cognitive development. According to Piaget, the concrete operational stage (7-11 years) is characterized by
the ability to think logically and systematically about concrete objects and events in the physical world. In
order to develop this type of thinking, children need to have opportunities to engage with concrete
examples and hands-on activities that allow them to manipulate and explore physical objects and
phenomena.

6. Does the lesson promote the development of formal operational thinking, which is characterized by
abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking, through the use of open-ended questions and
problems-solving activities?

• Yes, Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that the development of formal operational
thinking, which is characterized by abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking, can be promoted through
the use of open-ended questions and problem-solving activities. According to Piaget, the formal
operational stage (11 years and up) is characterized by the ability to think logically and systematically about
abstract ideas and hypothetical situations. In order to develop this type of thinking, children need to have
opportunities to engage with open-ended questions and problems that require them to use their abstract
reasoning and hypothetical thinking skills.

7. Does the lesson promote cognitive disequilibrium, or the experiences of cognitive conflict, which
Piaget believed was necessary for learning and growth?

• Yes, Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the importance of cognitive disequilibrium
and cognitive conflict in promoting learning and growth. According to Piaget, cognitive development
occurs through a process of adaptation, which involves two complementary processes: assimilation and
accommodation. Assimilation occurs when new information is incorporated into existing cognitive
structures or schemas, while accommodation occurs when existing schemas are modified or new ones
are created to fit new information. However, Piaget believed that learning is not always smooth and
continuous; rather, it can be disrupted by experiences of cognitive conflict, which arise when new
information does not fit with existing cognitive structures

8. Does the lesson provide opportunities for student to reflect on their own thinking and learning,
which Piaget believed was important for metacognition?

• Yes, Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the importance of metacognition, or the ability
to reflect on one's own thinking and learning processes. Piaget believed that children go through distinct
stages of cognitive development, and that as they progress through these stages, they develop increasingly
sophisticated metacognitive skills.

9. Does the lesson take into account individual differences in students’ cognitive development, or does
it assume a one-size-fits all approach?

• Piaget's theory of cognitive development does acknowledge individual differences in students' cognitive
development. According to Piaget, children go through four stages of cognitive development, each
characterized by distinct patterns of thinking and understanding of the world. The timing and rate of
progress through these stages may vary among individuals, depending on factors such as genetics,
environment, and experiences. Piaget's theory also recognizes that children actively construct their own
understanding of the world, rather than simply absorbing knowledge from the environment. This means
that different children may construct different understandings of the same concept or problem, based on
their individual experiences and perspectives

10. Does the lesson incorporate principles of Piaget’s theory I a way that is appropriate for the age and
cognitive abilities of the student?

• Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children go through several stages of cognitive
development, and their ability to understand and process information changes as they move from one
stage to another.
In terms of incorporating Piaget's theory into education, it is important to consider the age and cognitive
abilities of the student. Teachers and educators should use teaching methods and activities that are
appropriate for the developmental stage of the child. For example, younger children who are in the pre -
operational stage may benefit from hands-on activities and concrete experiences, while older children who
are in the concrete operational or formal operational stage may be able to handle more abstract concepts
and problem-solving activities.