OBJECTIVE SOLVED PROBLEMS

1. A uniform but time-varying magnetic field B (t) exists in a P

circular region of radius a and is directed into the plane of B(t)
the paper, as shown. The magnitude of the induced electric r
field at point P at a distance r from the centre of the circu-
lar region : a

(a) is zero
(b) decreases as 1/r
(c) increases as r
(d) decreases as 1/r2 .
Ans. (b)
Solution: Magnitude of induced electric field
a 2 dB
E
2r dt
Thus, the magnitude of the electric field increases linearly from zero at the center of electric
field to (a/2) (dB/dt) at the edge of circular region of radius a, and then decreases inversely
with distance.

2. A coil of wire having finite inductance and resistance has a conducting ring placed coaxially
within it. The coil is connected to a battery at time t = 0. so that a time-dependent current I1
(t) starts flowing through the coil. If I2 (t) is the current induced in the ring, and B (t) is the
magnetic field at the axis of the coil due to I1 (t), then as a function of time (t > 0), the product
I2 (t) B (t)
(a) increases with time (b) decreases with time
(c) does not vary with time (d) passes through a maximum.
Ans. (d)
Solution : Current through the coil = I1 (t)
 0 2I1 (t)
Magnetic field at center B (t) = .
4 a

Current induced in the ring I2 (t) 
R
 = induced emf in the ring
1 d A dB
I 2 (t)  
R dt R dt
A = area of the ring
A dB(t)
I 2 (t)B(t)  B(t)
R dt
which passes through the maximum.
3. A coil of inductance 8.4 mH and resistance 6  is connected to a 12 V battery. The current
in the coil is 1.0 A at approximately the time.
(a) 500 ms (b) 20 ms
(c) 35 ms (d) 1 ms.
Ans. (d)
Solution : Current developed with time in a coil of inductance
V
I (l  e  t /  ) where  = L/R
R
8.4 mH
we have  =  1.4ms
6
 12V   t /1.4ms
Hence 1 A =   (l  e )
 6 
1 1
or e  t /1.4ms  1  
2 2
1
or  t /1.4ms  ln    0.693
2
or t  (1.4  0.693)ms  0.97ms  l ms.

4. A small square loop of wire of side l is placed inside a large square loop of wire of side L
(L>>l). The loops are co-planar and their centers coincide. The mutual inductance of the
system is proportional to
(a) l/L (b) l2/L
(c) L/l (d) L2/l.
Ans. (b)
Solution: Magnetic field produced by a current in a large square loop of wire at its center

2 2 0i
B
L
The magnetic flux 12 that links big loop with the small square loop of side l (l<<L) is

2 2 0 i  l 2 
12  B(l2 )   ,
 L
 The mutual inductance

12 2 20 i  l 2 
M12    
i  L

i.e., M12  (l 2 / L) .

5. A metal rod moves at a constant velocity in a direction perpendicular to its length. A constant,
uniform magnetic field exists in space in a direction perpendicular to the rod as well as its
velocity. Select the correct statement (s) from the following :
(a) The entire rod is at the same electric potential
(b) There is an electric field in the rod
(c) The electric potential is highest at the center of the rod and decreases towards its ends
(d) The electric potential is lowest at the center of the rod and increases towards its ends.
Ans. (b)
Solution: According to Faraday’s law, an induced emf is set up on the rod whose magnitude is B/v.
Thus, an electric field is generated in the rod. The electric potential varies uniformly along
the rod.

6. A thin semi-circular conducting ring of radius R is falling


with its plane vertical in a horizontal magnetic induction B B
(see figure). At the position MNQ the speed of the ring is v N
and the potential difference developed across the ring is
(a) zero v
(b) Bv  R2 /2 and M is at higher potential
(c)  RBv and Q is at higher potential M Q
(d) 2RBv and Q is at higher potential.
Ans. (d)
Solution: The induced emf as given by Faraday’s law of induction is
E=-Blv
l=2R
= projection of ring perpendicular to the direction of v
=-B×2R×v
= - 2 B v R.

7. Two different coils have self inductances L1 = 8 mH and L2 = 2 mH. The current in one coil
is increased at a constant rate. The current in the second coil is also increased at the same
constant rate. At a certain instant of time, the power given to the two coils is the same. At
that time, the current, the induced voltage and the energy stored in the first coil are i1, V1 and
W1 respectively. Corresponding values for the second coil at the same instant are i2, V2 and
W2 respectively. Then
i1 1 i1
(a)  (b) 4
i2 4 i2
W1 W1 1
(c) 4 (d) 
W2 W2 4 .
Ans. (a) and (d)
di1 di
Solution : e1  L1 and e 2  L 2 2
dt dt
di1 di 2
 
dt dt
e1 L1 8
  
e2 L 2 2
e2 1

 e1 4 .
Power given to the coils are same.
So e1i1  e 2i 2
i1 e 2 1
  
i 2 e1 4
1 2
Energy = Li
2

1 2
W1 2 L1i1

 W2 1 L i 2
2 2
2
2
L i  1 1
 1  1   4  .
L2  i 2  16 4

8. A conducting square loop of side L and resistance R moves

in its plane with a uniform velocity v perpendicular to one
of its sides. A magnetic induction B, constant in time and
V
space, pointing perpendicular and into the plane of the loop
exists everywhere, see figure. The current induced in the
loop is
(a) BLv/R clockwise (b) BLv/R anticlockwise
(c) 2 BLv/R anticlockwise (d) zero.
Ans. (d)
Solution: Since the magnetic induction is uniform, the flux,  , through the square loop at any time t, is
 = B × A = B × L2 = constant
 d
Hence, e = = zero.
dt

9. The inductance of a closed-packed coil of 400 turns is 8 mH. A current of 5 mA is passed

through it. The magnetic flux through the coil is approximately
(a) 0.1 0 Wb (b) 0.2 0 Wb
(c) 1.0 0 Wb (d) 2.0 0 Wb.
Ans. (a)
N
Solution: L
i
400  
8  103 
5  10 3
40 106
  Wb  107 Wb
400
4107
  Wb
4
0
  Wb
4
   0.10 Wb .

10. The current in an L – R circuit builds up to 3/ 4th of its steady state value in 4 seconds. The
time constant of this circuit is
1 2
(a) sec (b) sec
ln 2 ln 2
3 4
(c) sec (d) sec .
ln 2 ln 2
Ans. (b)
Solution : I  I 0 (l  e  t /  ) where   time constant
3
 I0  I0 (l  e  t /  )
4
3
  l  et / 
4
1
 e t /  
4
t 1
 ln e  ln
 4
4
  2 ln 2

2
 
ln 2 .

11. The magnetic flux through each turn of a 100 turn coil is (t3 – 2t) × 10-3 Wb, where t is in
second. The induced emf at t = 2 s is
(a) -4V (b) -1V
(c) +1V (d) +4V.
Ans. (b)
Solution:  = (t3 – 2t) × 10-3
d
 (3t 2 - 2) × 10-3
dt
d
 (3  4–2) × 10-3 . Wb/s
dt t 2
 102 Wb/s
d
e=-N
dt
= -100 102 V
= - 1 V.

i1 L1
12. Two inductances L1 and L2 are placed far apart and in
parallel. Their combined inductance is i2 L2
L1L2
(a) (b) (L1  L 2 )
L1  L2
L1 L2
(c) (L1  L 2 ) (d) (L1  L 2 ) .
L2 L1
Ans. (a)
di
Solution: E  Le
dt
di1 di
E  L1  L2 2
dt dt
i  i1  i 2
di di1 di 2
 
dt dt dt
E E E
 
L e L1 L 2
1 1 1
 
L e L1 L 2
L1L 2
Le 
L1  L 2 .

13. The magnetic flux through a coil varies with time as  = 5t2+6t+9. The ratio of emf at t = 3s
to t = 0s will be
(a) 1 : 9 (b) 1 : 6
(c) 6 : 1 (d) 9 : 1.
Ans. (c)
d
Solution:  10t  6
dt
d
e  (10t  6)
dt
e |t  3  (10  3  6)  36
e |t  0  (10  0  6)  6

e t 3 36 6
 
e t 0 6 1 .

14. An air-plane with 20m wing spread is flying at 250 ms-1 straight south parallel to the earth’s
surface. The earth’s magnetic field has a horizontal component of 2  105 Wb m 2 and the
dip angle is 60º. Calculate the induced emf between the plane tips is:
(a) 0.174 V (b) 0.173 V
(c) 1.173 V (d) 0.163 V.
Ans. (b)
Solution: As the plane is flying horizontally it will cut the vertical component of earth’s field BV . So the
emf induced between its tips,
e = BV vl
But as by difinition of angle of dip,
BV
tan   i.e., BV  BH tan 
BH

So e  (BH tan )vl  2  105  3  250  20

i.e., e  ( 3)  101 V  0.173V .

15. A wire in the form of a circular loop of radius 10 cm lies in a plane normal to a magnetic field
of 100 T. If this wire is pulled to take a square shape in the same plane in 0.1 s, average
induced emf in the loop is:
(a) 6.70 volt (b) 5.80 volt
(c) 6.75 volt (d) 5.75 volt.
Ans. (c)
Solution: According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction,
 B(A f  A i )
Einduced  
t t
2r r
Let r be the radius of circle; then side of square formed  
4 2
2
2  r  (4  )r 2
Change is area of loop  A i  A f   r    
 2 4

(4  )r 2 B
Hence average emf induced  .
4 t
(4  )  (0.1)2  100
 = 6.75 volt.
4  0.1