Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Division of Zamboanga del Sur
TAMBULIG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
New Village, Tambulig, Zamboanga del Sur

A Research Presented to the Faculty and Staff of Tambulig National High School – Senior

High School in Partial Fulfillment of the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

Strand

ARIEL R. GUTANA

STEM 12 Researcher

RECHIEL D. TUMAMAK

Research Teacher
INVESTIGATING THE FEASIBILITY OF A COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

A Research Presented to the Faculty and Staff of Tambulig National High School – Senior

High School in Partial Fulfillment of the Subject Capstone and Inquiries, Investigations, and

Immersion

School Year 2022 – 2023

Abstract

Dehusking machines for coconuts are derived from those used to dehusk copra in

order to make the process simpler and reduce labor costs. A robust and powerful automatic

coconut peeler is a coconut dehusking machine.

The goal of this effort is to investigate a coconut dehusking machine from coconut

resources in order to produce something of high quality. Additionally, the waste is

sustainable and does not significantly harm the environment.Survey questionnaire was

handed out to 10 participants in the study who were from the Purok Gemilina,at Lower

Dimaya,, Dinas Zamboanga Del Sur. The findings of the researchers' applied survey are

presented in this chapter together with detailed observations from the study's methodology

and evaluation procedure.

Each measurement's findings are presented together with an explanation and

discussion of the survey's findings. The findings are largely positive because the majority of

respondents strongly concurred.

Acknowledgement

With the collaborative encouragement and help of the researchers' families,

classmates, friends, participants, mentors, and the Almighty Being, this research would not

have been a success. They have helped the researcher complete the study, and he wants to

thank them in the most sincere way possible.

The researcher would like to thank their research instructor, Mrs. Recheil D.

Tumamak, for her unwavering support, tolerance, knowledge, and direction. supplying

amazing suggestions in an effort to improve the study. Despite her personal obstacles and

scheduling issues, she was able to examine the situation and offer the researcher her complete

attention.They have helped the researcher complete the study, and he wants to thank them in

the most sincere way possible.

The researcher is extremely appreciative of their loving parents and family because

they have been so kind and encouraging even in the sleepless nights.
Table of Contents

Chapter I. The Problem ………………………………………………..…………………7-11

Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………………8

Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………….9

Scope and Limitations………………………………………………...………..9-10

Significance of the Study……………………………………………..………10-11

Chapter II. Review of Related Studies………………………………………………….12-15

Coconut………………….………………………………………………..

…………………12 Copra by machine………….……………………..

………………………………12-13

Dehusking…………………………………………….…………………………………..13-14

Machine Dehusking………………………………………………………………………….15

Definition of Terms………………………………………………………………….15

Chapter III. Methodology………………………………………………………………16-20

Research Respondents………………………………………………………….16

Time Frame………………………………...………………………………. 16

Research Environment…………………………………………………………16

Research Variable……………………………………………………………17

Research Design………………………………………………………………..17

Research Instrument……………………………………………………………17

Data Sampling Technique……………………………………………………18

Data Gathering Procedure…………………………………………………....18

Statistical Tool……………………………………………………………….18

Statistical Treatment of Data…………………………………………………18

Experimental Procedure…………………………………………………….19-20
Chapter IV. Data Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation……………………………21-24

Presentation of Data………………………………………………………….21

Data Analysis………………………………………………………………...22

Data Interpretation………………………………………………………..23-24

Chapter V. Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations……………….25-26

Summary of Findings………………………………………………………..25

Conclusions………………………………………………………………25-26

Recommendations……………………………………………………………26

Appendices…………………………………………………………..…………………..27-31

Survey Questionnaire………………………………………………………..27

Consent Form…………………………………………………………….28-30

Letter to the School Head……………………………………………………31

References………………………………………………………………………………32-33

Curriculum Vitae………………………………………………………………………….34
Chapter I

The Problem

Traditional dehusking, which comprises removing coconut husks one by one, is a

time-consuming and very tedious process. On the other hand, it is expensive. Copra makers

and coconut farmers ache from setting aside a large portion of their money to hire people to

dehusk coconuts. These labor costs lead to lesser revenue.

According to producersmarket.com (2020), “The industrialization of coconut

production in the Philippines began in the early 20th century. Now, the country is the world’s

second-largest coconut producer, right behind Indonesia. Nearly one-third of the land is

devoted to coconut farming. Farmers produce enough for the country to hold a whopping

45% share in world coconut exports”.

Moreover, the Philippine Statistics Authority reported, “coconut (with husk)

production for the period July to September 2022 increased to 4.12 million metric tons, a

growth of 1.0 percent from 4.08 million metric tons output in the same period of the previous

year”.

With these numbers, it can be concluded that the coconut industry is getting better

with its development. To ease expensive labor costs and small revenues, this is where a

coconut dehusking machine comes in.

A coconut dehusking machine is an automatic coconut peeler machine that is durable

and heavy-duty. This machine is vital in making the coconut ready for further utilization.

This coconut dehusking machine peels off the coconut husk from coconut to obtain dehusked

coconut fruit with the help of two rotating rollers having spikes on their periphery. One of its
parts is the rollers which are driven at two different speeds with the help of gears and

powered by an electric motor.

Coconut
Dehusking
Machine

Survey

Feasibility of the
Coconut Dehusking
Machine
Figure 1.0 Conceptual Framework of the Study

Statement of the Problem

This study aims in general, to investigate the feasibility of the coconut dehusking

machine. Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. How many coconuts will the machine dehusk every hour?

2. How much is the estimated cost of the coconut dehusking machine?

3. Does it ease expensive labor costs?

4. Does it make the process of copra making easier than traditional dehusking?

5. Overall, is the machine feasible for a wider market?

Hypotheses:

Ho: The coconut dehusking machine is not feasible.

Ha: The coconut dehusking machine is feasible.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

Subject matter. This research focuses only on investigating whether the already-built

coconut dehusking machine is feasible or not.

Research Respondents. The respondents of this study were the selected coconut

farmers from Purok- Gemelina, Lower Dimaya, Dinas Zamboanga del Sur.

Time Frame and Place. This research was conducted during the first semester to the

second semester of the school year 2022-2023, at Purok- Gemelina, Lower Dimaya, Dinas

Zamboanga del Sur

Research Design. A descriptive-evaluative research design is to be used in conducting

the study, with the survey or a short interview as the main process for gathering the data.

Research Variable. The researcher considers the coconut dehusking machine as its

independent variable and the machine’s feasibility as the dependent variable.

Research Instrument. The researcher utilizes a questionnaire as a research instrument,

with the survey or a short interview as the main process for obtaining the data.

Data Sampling Technique. The data sampling technique used is convenience

sampling.

Data Gathering Procedure. The data gathering procedure of this study will follow

these steps: (a) official consent from the barangay captain will be obtained; (b) select and ask

for consent from the respondents of the study; (c) conduct the survey or a short interview to

administer the questionnaires.

Significance of the Study

This study is conducted to investigate the feasibility of a coconut dehusking machine.

Furthermore, the result of the study would be beneficial to the following group of people:

Coconut Farmers and Copra Makers. It will be beneficial for them such that the

machine is cost-effective and will cut down expensive labor costs. It will also help copra

makers in terms of conserving physical energy.

Coconut Industry. As this industry develops, getting bigger and bigger, a coconut

dehusking machine will be beneficial for those who are in the industry. It will make the

process of making copra easier and faster, specifically in dehusking the coconuts.
Future Researchers. It will serve as a foundation for their future studies, as this will

give them significant information about coconut dehusking machines.

Definition of Terms

Coconut. As defined by Oxford Dictionaries, coconut is “the tall palm tree that yields

the coconut, which grows mainly by coastal beaches and has become naturalized throughout

the tropics. Many tropical economies are dependent upon its products, which include copra

and coir”.

Dehusk. Oxford Dictionaries defined dehusk as “remove the husk”.

Dehusking Machine. An automatic machine that dehusks a coconut.

Feasibility. Oxford Dictionaries defined feasibility as “the state or degree of being

easily or conveniently done”.

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter deals with related studies and literature undertaken by the researcher.

Coconut

Coconuts have been cultivated in tropical countries for over 4,500 years. Since the

Philippines lie near the equator, coconuts are simple to cultivate and grow. In exports, the

Philippines also takes the lead with 916k tons of coconut (copra) oil. The area planted for

coconuts expanded to 1.60 million hectares in 1960, increasing to 2.283 million hectares or

42% in 1975. In the Indian Ocean, the cultivation center was likely the southern periphery of

India, including Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and the Laccadives (Wood et al., 2020).

Coconut is indigenous to coastal areas of Southeast Asian countries such as the

Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia, and westward towards coastal India, Sri Lanka, East

Africa, and tropical islands such as Seychelles, Andaman, and Mauritius. Manually

dehusking coconut is time and energy-consuming and requires more labor charges (Angeles,

2019).

According to Krishnan (2015), the coconut is used by one-third of the people of our

world. But for the utilization, it needs to be de-husked before it, and manual methods are
time-consuming and have the risk of injury. The proposed system has a simple mechanism

having a motorized shaft with spikes that penetrate into the husk and remove it.

According to Kumar Tile (2018), India is one of the most coconut-growing countries

in the world. De-husking is the process of expelling husk from the coconut. Due to the use of

a pneumatic system, this machine reduced the requirement of skilled labor and time

consumption. Tool having blades that penetrate into the husk and detach it without breaking

the nut.

The study of Murli (2017) says that coconut water is used as the healthiest drink

which is naturally available. In many countries, it is obtained by splitting and punching but

this is risky. With this piercing operation water is extracted which maintains the hygiene of

water and increases productivity.

Coconut Dehusking

Coconut dehusking by humans, or the traditional way which is manual, is very

challenging. Electric-motor operated machines are planned and improved. These machines

work on the principle of gear mechanism. The labor's struggles as well as the time

consumption for dehusking coconut are lessened (Thomas, 2021).

Main components of a dehusking machine are frame, gear box, motor, gears, rollers,

and timing chain/belt. Gearbox reduces the rotational speed of the machine allowing the

horizontal rollers to rotate effectively. The timing belt is ideal for high-speed rotation

(Alusbir, 2019).

Husking coconuts is categorized as a difficult post-harvest operation, coconuts were

traditionally husked manually using a crowbar or a machete as a tool. Traditional tools such

as the blade and spear, which are still in use, are both dangerous and ineffective. The
invention of dehusking machines took place and that includes the twin-blade husking

machine which is powered by a 1.5 hp motor. The machine imposes a threat to the operator

since it requires the operator to hold the coconut with bare hands. Figure no 8 shows the

actual appearance of the twin blade coconut husks (Friday, 2021).

Chapter III

Methodology

This chapter presents the research components that are included in the study.

Research Respondents

The respondents of this study were the selected coconut farmers from Purok-

Gemelina, Lower Dimaya, Dinas Zamboanga del Sur.

Time Frame and Place

This research was conducted during the first semester to the second semester of the

school year 2022-2023, at Purok- Gemelina, Lower Dimaya, Dinas Zamboanga del Sur

Research Design

A descriptive-evaluative research design is to be used in conducting the study, with

the survey or a short interview as the main process for gathering the data.

Research Variable
The researcher considers the coconut dehusking machine as its independent variable

and the machine’s feasibility as the dependent variable.

Research Instrument

The researcher utilizes a questionnaire as a research instrument, with the survey or a

short interview as the main process for obtaining the data.

Data Sampling Technique

The data sampling technique used is convenience sampling.

Data Gathering Procedure

The data gathering procedure of this study will follow these steps: (a) official consent

from the barangay captain will be obtained; (b) select and ask for consent from the

respondents of the study; (c) conduct the survey or a short interview to administer the

questionnaires.

Research Instrument.

The researcher will use a questionnaire as a research instrument, with the survey or a

short interview as the main process in obtaining the data.

Data Sampling Technique

The data sampling technique to be used is convenience sampling.

Data Gathering Procedure

The data gathering procedure of this study will follow these steps: (a) an official

consent from the barangay captain will be obtained; (b) select and ask consent from the
respondents of the study; (c) conduct the survey or a short interview to administer the

questionnaires.

Chapter IV

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

Questions Short answers

How many coconuts will dehusk in a 4 liters 2000 (10)

diesel?

How much is the estimated cost of the 130,000 (10)

coconut dehusking machine?

Does it ease expensive labor costs? Yes (8)

No (2)

Does it make the process of copra making Yes (9)

easier than traditional dehusking? No (1)

Overall, is the machine feasible for a wider Yes (7)

market?
No (3)

Based on the presented, in statement no.1 (How many coconuts will the machine

dehusk in a 4 liters og diesel) the participant responded that there are 2000 coconut dehusk in

4 liters of diesel. And for statement no.2(How many estimated cost of the coconut dehusking

machine) The participant responded 130,000 estimated cost of the machine. Furthermore,

statement no.3(Does it ease expensive labor cost) 8 respondent by YES and 2 by No.

Followed by statement no.4 (Does it make the process of copra making is easier than

traditional dehusking) the participant 9 responded YES and 1 responded No. And lastly

statement no.5(Overall is the machine feasible for a wider market) the 7 responded YES and

3 No.

Chapter V

Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

Summary of Findings

This study aims to attain its general objective which is to create a bouquet wrapping

paper using banana fibers.

1.How many coconuts will the machine dehusk every hour?

2.How much is the estimated cost of the coconut dehusking machine?

3.Does it ease expensive labor costs?

4.Does it make the process of copra making easier than traditional dehusking?

5.Overall, is the machine feasible for a wider market?

Conclusions

Based on the analysis and interpretation of data are the conclusions

1. The machine is feasible wider for market.

2. It is ease expensive for labor cost.

3. The process of copra machine is easier than traditional dehusking.

4. The machine is easy to operate.

5. The machine can be towed by a car.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions, presented, the following recommendation are

suggested.

1.Recommendations for future researchers to use the copra machine dehusking to than trad

traditional dehusking.

2.Recommendations for future researchers to use dehusking machine for an cheap cost.

3.Recommendations for future researchers to have a good quality.

4. Recommendations for future researchers so they can make it even better.

5. Recommendations for future researchers so that they can innovate the machine even more.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Division of Zamboanga del Sur
Tambulig National High School

The School Head

Tambulig National High School
Senior High School
New Village, Tambulig Zamboanga del Sur

Good day!
The undersigned is a student of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics) of Tambulig National High School-Senior High School. I am conducting a
survey for my research entitled “Investigating the Feasibility of the Coconut Dehusking
Machine” a partial fulfillment of our Inquiries, Investigations, Immersions (3Is), and
Capstone subjects.
The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of the already-built coconut
dehusking machine, in terms of it being cost-effective, and how it affects the pacing of copra
making.

In this regard, I would like to seek permission from your good office to conduct the
study inside your administrative vicinity. Rest assured that all data gathered will be treated
with the utmost confidentiality and will be used for academic purposes only.

I am looking forward to your utmost consideration and approval. Thank you very
much and God bless!

Respectfully,
Ariel R. Gutana
Noted By:
RECHIEL D. TUMAMAK, RN, MN
RESEARCH TEACHER
Approved By:
ELLEN L. SOBRETODO
TNHS-SHS SCHOOL HEAD
RESEARCH SUBJECT INFORMED CONSENT
To the participants: Read this consent form and ask questions and clarifications before you
decide to participate in this study or not. You are also free to ask questions during your
participation in this research.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Project Information
Research Title: INVESTIGATING THE FEASIBILITY OF A COCONUT DEHUSKING
MACHINE
Researcher: Ariel R. Gutana Phone:
School: Tambulig National High School Department: Senior High School

1. PURPOSE OF THIS RESEARCH STUDY

You are asked to participate in a research study that seeks to investigate the feasibility of
the coconut dehusking machine.
Specifically, this study further intends to answer the following quests:
1. How many coconuts will the machine dehusk in a day?
2. How much is the estimated cost of the coconut dehusking machine?

3. Does it ease expensive labor costs?

4. Does it make the process of copra making easier than traditional dehusking?

5. Overall, is the machine feasible for a wider market?

2. PROCEDURES
You are selected as one of the respondents in this study given that you have enough
knowledge and you first-hand used a coconut dehusking machine, as a copra-maker or a
coconut farmer. You will be asked two questions that will require a short answer, and another
three that can be answered by yes or no.
POSSIBLE RISKS OR DISCOMFORTS

No risks are imposed in your participation in this study.

POSSIBLE BENEFITS
The findings of this research will benefit coconut farmers, copra makers, and basically,
those in the coconut industry. It will be beneficial for them such that the machine is cost-
effective and will cut down expensive labor costs. It will also help copra makers in terms of
conserving physical energy.
FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS
No amount will be required from you during your participation in this study.
CONFIDENTIALITY
Your identity in this study will be treated with utmost confidentiality. The results will
be published for academic purposes only. However, any data obtained as a result of your
participation in this study may be checked by the sponsor, by the person conducting this
study and or by the research panelists.
7. TERMINATION OF RESEARCH STUDY
You are free to choose whether or not to participate in this study. There will be no
penalty if you choose not to participate. You may withdraw from your participation at any
time without penalty.
8. AVAILABLE SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Any further questions you have about this study will be answered by the researcher.
9. AUTHORIZATION
I have read and understood this consent form, and I volunteer to participate in this
research study. I understand that I will receive a copy of this form. I voluntarily choose to
participate, but I understand that my consent does not take away any legal rights in the
case of negligence or other legal fault by anyone who is involved in this study. I further
understand that nothing in this consent form is intended to replace any applicable laws.
________________________________________
Participant’s Signature Over Printed Name
Date: ___________________________________
________________________________________
Parent’s/Guardian’s Signature Over Printed Name (if underage)
Date: ___________________________________
________________________________________
Researcher’s Signature Over Printed Name
Date: ___________________________________

Survey Questionnaire

INVESTIGATING THE FEASIBILITY OF A COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

Name (optional):_______________________________________

Questions Short answers

How many coconuts will dehusk in a 4 liters

diesel?

How much is the estimated cost of the

coconut dehusking machine?

Does it ease expensive labor costs? Yes /No

Does it make the process of copra making Yes /No

easier than traditional dehusking?

Overall, is the machine feasible for a wider Yes /No

market?

Reference

Carrizo, A. L. (2021, October 27). Coconut Farming in the Philippines - Producers Stories.

Producers Stories. https://producersmarket.com/blog/coconut-farming-in-the-

philippines/

Castillo, M. B. (2021, January 12). The Philippine Coconut Industry: Status, Policies and

Strategic Directions for Development. FFTC Agricultural Policy Platform (FFTC-

AP). https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/1382

DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS -IMPORTANT QUESTONS.docx - Department of

Mechanical Engineering ME2352 – DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS PART-

A 1. What is | Course Hero. (2021, July 17).

https://www.coursehero.com/file/100730359/DESIGN-OF-TRANSMISSION-

SYSTEMS-IMPORTANT-QUESTONSdocx/
Guest. (n.d.). Coconut-Dehusking-Machine.docx - PDFCOFFEE.COM. pdfcoffee.com.

https://pdfcoffee.com/coconut-dehusking-machinedocx-pdf-free.html

Ijraset. (n.d.). Literature Review on Coconut Peeling Machine. IJRASET.

https://www.ijraset.com/research-paper/review-on-coconut-peeling-machine

Krishnan, R., PP, M., KumarPS, S. R., & Babu, T. (2018). Design and fabrication of an

economical coconut Dehusking machine. International Journal of Engineering &

Technology, 7(2.8), 588. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10526

Ramadurai, K. (2019). Coconut Dehusking Machine. IJERT.

https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTCONV7IS11105

RRL. (n.d.). Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/document/422220447/RRL

Curriculum Vitae

A. Personal Background

Name: Ariel R. Gutana

Nickname: Ariel

Age: 18

Birthdate: April 11,2005

Birthplace: Riverside ,Tambulig ZDS

Gender:Male

Status: Single

Address: Tangab Bonifacio Misamis Occidenta006C

Father’s Name: Juanito J. Gutana

Mother’s Name: Merlen R. Gutana

B. Educational Background

Elementary: Tangab Elementary School

School Year 2016-2017

Secondary: Tambulig National High School – Main Campus

Lower Lodiong, Tambulig, Zamboanga del Sur

School Year 2020-2021