UNIT 18: INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES

TOPIC VOCABULARY IN CONTRAST

WORDS ENGLISH MEANING EXAMPLE VIETNAMESE
MEANING
1. artificial (adj) made or produced to copy something I don't like having to do detailed work - giả, không thật,
/ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/ natural; not real in artificial light. giả tạo, nhân tạo
2. automatic (adj) having controls that work without My camera has manual and automatic - tự động
/,ɔ:tə'mætik/ needing a person to operate them functions.
3. complicated (adj) made of many different things or The instructions look very - phức tạp
/ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ parts that are connected; difficult to complicated.
understand
4. decrease (v, n) to become smaller in size, number, Donations have decreased - giảm
/dɪˈkriːs/ etc.; to make something smaller in significantly over the past few years.
size, number, etc.
5. digital (adj) using a system of receiving and The system is fully digital, with no - biểu thị bằng
/'didʒitl/ sending information as a series of the analogue components. con số, kĩ thuật số
numbers one and zero, showing that
an electronic signal is there or is not
there
6. discover (v) to be the first person to become They first discovered this protein - khám phá ra
/dɪˈskʌvər/ aware that a particular place or thing about five years ago.
exists
7. effect (n) /ɪˈfekt/ a change that somebody/something What are the long-term effects of this - sự ảnh hưởng,
causes in somebody/something else; treatment? sự tác động
a result
8. equipment (n) the things that are needed for a Take care when using old electrical - trang thiết bị
/ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ particular purpose or activity equipment.
9. estimate (v) to form an idea of the cost, size, value This made it possible to estimate the - ước tính
/ˈestɪmeɪt/ etc. of something, but without effect of workplace ventilation.
calculating it exactly
10. exact (adj) correct in every detail It is an exact copy of the original - chính xác
/ɪɡˈzækt/ document.
11. experiment (v, n) a scientific test that is done in order to If the conditions are not right, the - thí nghiệm
/ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ study what happens and to gain new experiment will not work.
knowledge
12. gadget (n) a small tool or device that does We live in a world filled with high-tech - dụng cụ
/ˈɡædʒɪt/ something useful gadgets.
13. hardware (n) the machines and electronic parts in a We supply computer hardware to - phần cứng (máy
/ˈhɑːrdwer/ computer or other electronic system businesses. tính)
14. invent (v) to produce or design something that Who invented the steam engine? - phát minh
/ɪnˈvent/ has not existed before
15. involve (v) if a situation, an event or an activity There was a serious incident involving - lôi kéo vào, bao
/in'vɒlv/ involves somebody/something, they a group of youths. gồm
take part in it or are affected by it
16. laboratory (n) a room or building used for scientific She has donated money to establish a - phòng thí
/ləˈbɒrətri/ research, experiments, testing, etc. pharmaceutical laboratory. nghiệm
17. lack (v, n) /læk/ to have none or not enough of The team lacked the skill to compete - thiếu
something at the highest level.
18. laptop (n) a small computer that can work with I opened my laptop and started typing. - máy tính xách
/ˈlæptɒp/ a battery and be easily carried tay
19. maximum (adj) used after amounts to show that the The table has a length of four feet - tối đa
/ˈmæksɪməm/ amount is the highest possible maximum.
20. minimum (adj) used after amounts to show that the You'll need £200 minimum for your - tối thiểu
/ˈmɪnɪməm/ amount is the lowest possible holiday expenses.
21. operate (v) to work in a particular way Most domestic freezers operate at - hoạt động, vận
/ˈɒpəreɪt/ below −18°C. hành
22. plastic (n, adj) a light strong material that is The pipes should be made of plastic. - nhựa, chất dẻo
/ˈplæstɪk/ produced by chemical processes and
can be formed into shapes when
heated. There are many different
types of plastic, used to make
different objects and fabrics.
23. program (v, n) a set of instructions in code that She uses a computer program to - chương trình
/ˈprəʊɡræm/ control the operations or functions of produce these maps.
a computer
24. research (n) a careful study of a subject, especially They are raising money for cancer - bài nghiên cứu
/ˈriːsɜːtʃ/ in order to discover new facts or research.
information about it
25. run (v) /rʌn/ to make buses, trains, etc. travel on a They run extra trains during the rush - chạy (máy móc,
particular route hour. xe cộ)
26. screen (n) /skriːn/ the flat surface at the front of a They were staring at the television - màn hình
television, computer, or other screen.
electronic device, on which you see
pictures or information
27. software (n) the programs used by a computer for You should install antivirus software. - phần mềm (máy
/ˈsɔːftwer/ doing particular jobs tính)
28. sudden (adj) happening or done quickly and It was only decided yesterday. It's all - nhanh, đột ngột
/ˈsʌdn/ unexpectedly been very sudden.
29. technology (n) scientific knowledge used in practical This technology enables computers to - công nghệ
/tekˈnɒlədʒi/ ways in industry, for example in read handwriting.
designing new machines
30. unique (adj) being the only one of its kind Everyone's fingerprints are unique. - độc nhất
/juˈniːk/

PHRASAL VERBS
WORDS ENGLISH MEANING EXAMPLE VIETNAMESE MEANING
1. break down - stop working (for a machine, etc) The telephone system has broken - hư, hỏng
down.
2. come across - find sth by chance I came across children sleeping - tình cờ, ngẫu nhiên
under bridges.
3. find out - discover information, etc She'd been seeing the boy for a - tìm ra thông tin
while, but didn't want her parents
to find out.
4. make up - invent an explanation, excuse, etc He made up some excuse about his - bịa chuyện, tạo ra lí do
daughter being sick.
5. pull over - to move to the side of the road in She saw the ambulance coming up - tấp vào
order to stop or let something pass behind her and pulled over.
6. throw away - put sth in a rubbish bin hat old chair should be thrown - vứt đi
away.
7. turn off - stop a machine working Please turn the television off before - tắt, dừng hoạt động
you go to bed.
8. turn on - start a machine working Please turn the television on before - mở máy
you go to bed.

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

WORDS EXAMPLE VIETNAMESE MEANING

1. at last He managed to squeeze through the crowd at last. - cuối cùng
2. by chance I got this job completely by chance. - tình cờ
3. in my opinion In my opinion, it's a very sound investment. - theo quan điểm của mình
4. in the end In the end, they decided to spend Christmas at home. - cuối cùng
5. in the future The movie is set in the future. - trong tương lai
6. out of order The car was out of order. - bị hư

WORD PATTERNS
WORDS EXAMPLE VIETNAMESE MEANING
1. different from/to Cats are different from dogs. - khác với
2. full of The room was full of people last night. - nhiều, đầy
3. begin with I'd like to begin with a simple question. - bắt đầu với cái gì
4. connect sth to/with I connected my computer to a print. - kết nối cái gì với
5. disconnect sth from My computer crashes every time I disconnect from - ngắt kết nối từ
the internet.
6. fill sth with She filled the page with writing. - lấp đầy cái gì với
7. result in The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of - dẫn đến
deaths.
8. a difference between There are no significant differences between the - một sự khác biệt giữa
education systems of the two countries.
9. an idea about I had an idea about our new project. - một ý kiến về
10. a number of A number of problems have arisen. - một số
11. a reason for She gave no reasons for her decision. - lí do cho
12. a type of What type of car do you drive? - một loại của cái gì

WORD FORMS
1. boil /bɔil/ (v) sôi, luộc
2. boiler /bɔilər/ (n) nồi hơi
3. boiling /'bɔiliŋ/ (adj) sôi
4. chemist /ˈkemɪst/ (n) nhà hóa học
5. chemical /ˈkemɪkl/ (adj) thuộc hóa học; (n) chất hóa học
6. chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/ (n) hóa học, môn/ngành hóa học
7. conclude /kən'klu:d/ (v) kết luận, quyết định
8. conclusion /kən'klu:ʒn/ (n) sự kết luận
9. examine /ig'zæmin/ (v) kiểm tra, xem xét, khám bệnh
10. exam /ig'zæm/ (n) bài thi, thi
11. examination /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn/ (n) thi, kì thi
12. examiner /ɪɡˈzæmɪnər/ (n) giám khảo chấm thi
13. fascinate /'fæsineit/ (v) quyến rũ, hấp dẫn
14. fascination /,fæsi'nei∫n/ (n) sự quyến rũ, sự hấp dẫn
15. fascinating /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ (adj) quyến rũ, hấp dẫn
16. history /ˈhɪstri/ (n) lịch sử
17. historic /hi'stɔ:rik/ (adj) có tính lịch sử, thuộc về lịch sử
18. historian /hi'stɔ:riən/ (n) nhà sử học
19. identical /ai'dentik/ (adj) giống nhau, đồng nhất
20. indentically /ai'dentikli/ (adv) một cách đồng nhất
21. long /lɒŋ/ (adj) dài, lâu
22. length /leŋkθ/ (n) độ dài
23. measure /'meʒər/ (v) đo
24. measurement /'məʒəmənt/ (n) sự đo lường
25. science /ˈsaɪəns/ (n) khoa học
26. scientist /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ (n) nhà khoa học