Foreign Literature

In India, around 50% of biodegradable waste is produced in the form of MSW, and the quantities are
increasing. So we came up with the concept for SMART composting Machine. The equipment is designed
so that we can reward 10 to 15 kilogrammes of natural trash every day. In this situation, the organic
waste will be transformed into a semi-powder, then mixed and heated again.

Waruse Amir Hamza et al. This design works in the production of an automated machine using solar
technology that uses household waste and converts it into useful fertilizer for development. It spends 30
days on all development including warming, mixing, ventilation, and adding culture.

The artist had to design and build a minimal waste disposal system that would eventually benefit,
according to Ahammad Vazim K. et al [3].

Which include temperature, water content, par4ticle size and air. The built-in gadget was totally
functional in controlling the major characteristics between the two, and it was capable of speeding up
the entire process by 50%.

A machine that is designed to work automatically and is a small size compost machine, in which
microorganisms are used to decompose all food waste in the machine within 24 hrs and also reduces
the volume by 85-90%.

The little plants we utilise thrive in hot weather and are effective even at high altitudes where the air is
acidic or salty. A U-shaped tank, a humidity sensor, a heater, mixing blades, and an exhaust system are
all included in the machine. When natural waste is added to it, moisture is absorbed bythe humidity
sensor, heater, mixing blades and exhaust system.

Composting machine is used to make compost and the quality of the com??st are reliable on
temperature, time, aeration, moisture content, brown and green waste. This machine reduces the
required amount for decomposting, segregation, etc. The total amount of waste material is reduced. All
the materials needed to make the composting are readily available, therefore, they can be used in
kitchens at very low cost.

Local Studies
Three units of solar-powered irrigation system will be installed in some nine hectares of farmlands in
Barangay Pinagtulayan, Norzagaray, this province in an effort to boost the production of agricultural
crops in the town.

The initiative is under the Solar-powered Irrigation System for Farming Communities Enhanced Project
dubbed as “SOLution”, a collaborative effort of the Department of Agriculture Regional Field Office III,
Asia Society for Social Improvement and Sustainable Transformation Inc. (ASSIST), and Grundfos Pumps
Philippines.

The project that was launched on Wednesday is seen to uplift the lives of farmers in Norzagaray town
through enhanced productivity of agricultural crops with lower irrigation costs by using solar energy
instead of diesel fuel and electricity to operate an irrigation pump.

Foreign Studies

Composting is a sustainable means of managing organic waste, and solar composters offer a viable
solution in rural areas lacking connection to municipal power supplies. This study tracked the
physicochemical and microbiological changes that occur in a solar composting greenhouse during the
treatment of food and green cellulosic waste in fed-batch mode, which remain poorly understood. Solar
composting greenhouse performed well on waste reduction and nutrient retention, resulting in a 45.0–
58.8% decrease in feedstock volume over 12-day composting cycles, a 41% removal in dry matter after
three batches of composting, and 29.5%, 252.9% and 96.6% increase in the nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium content respectively after 42 days of composting. Batch feeding and composting jointly
influenced microbiological succession by altering the physicochemical properties of compost. The
contents of nitrogen and phosphorus, pH, and electrical conductivity significantly accounts for variations
in culturable microbial populations. The succession of dominant bacterial genera such as Lactobacillus,
Pseudoxanthomonas, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas were closely related to pH, cellulose, NH4⁺–N, carbon
content, and temperature. In addition, Pichia kudriavzevii, Thermomyces lanuginosus, and
Scopulariopsis brevicaulis successively became the dominant fungal species during composting.
Preliminary compost quality assessments showed that solar composting greenhouse has a high
potentiality to transform organic waste into organic fertilizer. Additionally, corresponding purposeful
suggestions were proposed for future optimization in this system, mainly from a microbiological aspect.
Therefore, the introduction of solar energy may help to reduce the energy cost, causing a reduction in
the total air emissions of the composting facility by replacing diesel generators (DGs) to drive the
aeration equipment. In this case, Lin et al. constructed a laboratory scale solar composting greenhouse
with a volume of 1 m to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological changes occurring during the
food and green cellulosic waste treatment in fed-batch mode. In this compost house, the southern side
of the roof was covered by double-hollow glass to receive solar radiation.

Relevance
Conventional composting and vermicomposting require at least 120 days or more to treat the organic
waste into compost (Abdoli et al., 2019;Keng et al., 2020;Lin et al., 2020;Muscolo et al., 2018;Srivastava
et al., 2020). This proof-of-concept study indicates that BSFL can selectively consume and assimilate the
biodegradable or organic waste from the CMSW within an average of 10 days, which is much shorter
than conventional technologies. The current status and perspectives of solar energy utilization are
briefly reviewed. Optimal techniques for the design and application of solar energy converters are
described, and the possible contribution of solar energy to the future energy economy is assessed.
Particular consideration is given to the role of satellite solar power stations. Global warming, Raising fuel
prices, worldwide conflict, and increased environmental awareness are major factors of encouraging
intensive research and development of renewable energy. Solar energy technologies including solar
heating, solar photovoltaic, and solar thermal electricity can contribute to solve one of the most
challenging energy problems in the world (Hoeven 2011). PV is a promising technology which has the
advantage to convert sunlight directly into electricity.

Reference

https://www.ijraset.com/research-paper/solar-powered-portable-garbage-composter-machine

https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1082316

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258906829_Solar-energy_perspectives