www.tutort.

net

45
MOST ASKED SQL QUESTIONS
in

Curated by
www.tutort.net

Question. 1

Combine Two Tables

Write an SQL query to report the first name, last name, city, and state of each person in the Person
table. If the address of a personId is not present in the Address table, report null instead.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Person Table Address

Column Name Type Column Name Type

addressId int
personId int
personId int
lastName varchar
city varchar
firstName varchar
state varchar

personId is the primary key column for this addressId is the primary key column for this
table. This table contains information about table. Each row of this table contains
the ID of some persons and their first and information about the city and state of one
last names. person with ID = PersonId.

Practice Question asked in

From To
From Tier III college to

Akansha Likhdhari 120% Hike

Software Engineer III

at Walmart
www.tutort.net

Question. 2

Second Highest Salary

Write an SQL query to report the second highest salary from the Employee table. If there is no second
highest salary, the query should report null.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Employee
id is the primary key column for this table.

Column Name Type
Each row of this table contains information
about the salary of an employee.
id int
salary int

Practice Question asked in

Question. 3

Nth Highest Salary

Write an SQL query to report the nth highest salary from the Employee table. If there is no nth highest
salary, the query should report null.

Table Employee
id is the primary key column for this table.

Column Name Type
Each row of this table contains information
about the salary of an employee.
id int
salary int

Practice Question asked in

www.tutort.net

Question. 4

Rank Scores
Write an SQL query to rank the scores. The ranking should be calculated according to the
following rules
The scores should be ranked from the highest to the lowest
If there is a tie between two scores, both should have the same ranking
After a tie, the next ranking number should be the next consecutive integer value. In other
words, there should be no holes between ranks.

Return the result table ordered by score in descending order.

Table Scores

Column Name Type

id int

score decimal

id is the primary key for this table.


Each row of this table contains the score of a game.
Score is a floating point value with two decimal
places.

Practice Question asked in

From To Placed with

Lakshya 130% Hike

Software engineer at Expedia
www.tutort.net

Question. 5

Consecutive Numbers
Write an SQL query to find all numbers that appear at least three times consecutively.
Return the result table in any order.

Table Logs
id is the primary key for this table.

Column Name Type id is an autoincrement column.
id int
num varchar

Practice Question asked in

Question. 6

Employees Earning More Than Their Managers

Write an SQL query to find the employees who earn more than their managers.
Return the result table in any order.

Table Employee
id is the primary key column for this table.

Column Name Type Each row of this table indicates the ID of an
employee, their name, salary, and the ID of
id int
their manager.
name varchar
salary int
managerId int

Practice Question asked in

www.tutort.net

Question. 7
Duplicate Emails
Write an SQL query to report all the duplicate emails. Note that it's guaranteed that the email
field is not NULL.
Return the result table in any order.

Table person
Column Name Type id is the primary key column for this table.

Each row of this table contains an email. The
id int emails will not contain uppercase letters.
email varchar

Practice Question asked in

Question. 8
Customers Who Never Order
Write an SQL query to report all customers who never order anything.
Return the result table in any order.

Table Customers Table Orders

Column Name Type Column Name Type
id int id int
name varchar customerID int
id is the primary key column for this table.
 id is the primary key column for this table.

Each row of this table indicates the ID and customerId is a foreign key of the ID from the Customers table.

name of a customer. Each row of this table indicates the ID of an order and the ID of the
customer who ordered it.

Practice Question asked in

www.tutort.net

Question. 9

Department Highest Salary

Write an SQL query to find employees who have the highest salary in each of the departments.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Employee Table Department

Column Name Type Column Name Type

id int
id int
name varchar
name varchar

salary int id is the primary key column for this table.


customerId is a foreign key of the ID from the Customers table.

departmentID int Each row of this table indicates the ID of an order and the ID of the
customer who ordered it.

id is the primary key column for this table.


departmentId is a foreign key of the ID from the
Department table. Each row of this table indicates
the ID, name, and salary of an employee. It also
contains the ID of their department.

Practice Question asked in

From To

Pritom Mazumdar
Software Engineer at Microsoft
www.tutort.net

Question. 10

Department Top Three Salaries

A company's executives are interested in seeing who earns the most money in each of the

company's departments. A high earner in a department is an employee who has a salary in the

top three unique salaries for that department.

Write an SQL query to find the employees who are high earners in each of the departments.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Employee Table Department

Column Name Type Column Name Type

id int
id int

name varchar
name varchar

salary int id is the primary key column for this table.


Each row of this table indicates the ID of a department and its

departmentID int
name.

id is the primary key column for this table.


departmentId is a foreign key of the ID from the

Department table. Each row of this table indicates

the ID, name, and salary of an employee. It also

contains the ID of their department.

Question asked in
Practice

From To
Placed with

Subhadip Chowdhury 100% Hike

SWE at Target
www.tutort.net

Question. 11
Delete Duplicate Emails
Write an SQL query to delete all the duplicate emails, keeping only one unique email with the
smallest id. Note that you are supposed to write a DELETE statement and not a SELECT one.

After running your script, the answer shown is the Person table. The driver will first compile and
run your piece of code and then show the Person table. The final order of the Person table does
not matter.

Table Person
Column Name Type
id int
email varchar
id is the primary key column for this table.

Each row of this table contains an email. The emails will not contain
uppercase letters.

Practice Question asked in

From To Switch from

Service Based
Gerald Amalraj
Fullstack Developer at

JPMorgan Chase
Company
www.tutort.net

Question. 12

Rising Temperature
Write an SQL query to find all dates' Id with higher temperatures compared to its previous dates
(yesterday).

Return the result table in any order.

Table Weather

Column Name Type

id int
recordDate date
temperature int

id is the primary key for this table.


This table contains information about the temperature on a certain
day.

Practice Question asked in

DSA with System Data Science &

Design Machine Learning

Learn more Learn more

Full Stack with Full Stack Data

MERN Science (AI & ML)

Learn more Learn more

www.tutort.net

Question. 13

Trips and Users

The cancellation rate is computed by dividing the number of canceled (by client or driver)
requests with unbanned users by the total number of requests with unbanned users on that
day.

Write a SQL query to find the cancellation rate of requests with unbanned users (both client and
driver must not be banned) each day between "2013-10-01" and "2013-10-03". Round
Cancellation Rate to two decimal points.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Users
Column Name Type

users_id int
banned enum
role enum

users_id is the primary key for this table.


The table holds all users. Each user has a unique users_id, and role
is an ENUM type of ('client', 'driver', 'partner').

banned is an ENUM type of ('Yes', 'No').

Practice Question asked in

From To
Placed from
Aditya Tier III college
www.tutort.net

Question. 14

Find Customer Referee

Write an SQL query to report the names of the customer that are not referred by the

customer with id = 2.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Customer

id is the primary key column for this table.


Column Name Type
Each row of this table indicates the id of a

customer, their name, and the id of the customer

id int
who referred them.
name varchar

referee_id int

Question asked in
Practice

Question. 15

Customer Placing the Largest Number of Orders

Write an SQL query to find the customer_number for the customer who has placed the largest

number of orders.

The test cases are generated so that exactly one customer will have placed more orders than any

other customer.

Table Orders

id is the primary key column for this table.


Column Name Type
Each row of this table indicates the ID and

name of a customer.
order_number int

customer_number int

Question asked in
Practice
www.tutort.net

Question. 16

Big Countries
A country is big if
it has an area of at least three million (i.e., 3000000 km2), o
it has a population of at least twenty-five million (i.e., 25000000).

Write an SQL query to report the name, population, and area of the big countries.

Return the result table in any order.

Table World

Column Name Type

name varchar
continent varchar
area int
population int
gdp bigint

name is the primary key column for this table.


Each row of this table gives information about the name of a
country, the continent to which it belongs, its area, the population,
and its GDP value.

Practice Question asked in

From To

Basant Pratap Singh

Software Engineer at Google
www.tutort.net

Question. 17
Classes More Than 5 Students
Write an SQL query to report all the classes that have at least five students.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Courses
(student, class) is the primary key column for
Column Name Type this table.

Each row of this table indicates the name of a
student varchar
student and the class in which they are enrolled.
class varchar

Practice Question asked in

Question. 18

Human Traffic of Stadium

Write an SQL query to display the records with three or more rows with consecutive id's, and the
number of people is greater than or equal to 100 for each.

Return the result table ordered by visit_date in ascending order.

Table Stadium
visit_date is the primary key for this table.

Column Name Type Each row of this table contains the visit date and visit id to
the stadium with the number of people during the visit.

id int
No two rows will have the same visit_date, and as the id
visit_date date increases, the dates increase as well.
people int

Practice Question asked in

www.tutort.net

Question. 19

Sales Person
Write an SQL query to report the names of all the salespersons who did not have any orders
related to the company with the name "RED".
Return the result table in any order.

Table SalesPerson Table Orders

Column Name Type Column Name Type

sales_id int order_id int

name varchar order_date date
salary int com_id int
commission_rate int sales_id int
hire_date date amount int

ales_id is the primary key column for this table.
 order_id is the primary key column for this table.

Each row of this table indicates the name and the com_id is a foreign key to com_id from the Company
ID of a salesperson alongside their salary, table. sales_id is a foreign key to sales_id from the
commission rate, and hire date. SalesPerson table. Each row of this table contains
information about one order. This includes the ID of the
company, the ID of the salesperson, the date of the
order, and the amount paid.

Table Company
com_id is the primary key column for this table.

Column Name Type Each row of this table indicates the name and the
ID of a company and the city in which the
com_id int company is located.
name varchar
city varchar

Practice Question asked in

www.tutort.net

Question. 20
Tree Node
Each node in the tree can be one of three types
"Leaf": if the node is a leaf node
"Root": if the node is the root of the tree
"Inner": If the node is neither a leaf node nor a root node.

Write an SQL query to report the type of each node in the tree.
Return the result table in any order.

Table Tree

Column Name Type

id int
p_id int

id is the primary key column for this table.


Each row of this table contains information about the id of a node
and the id of its parent node in a tree.

The given structure is always a valid tree.

Practice Question asked in

DSA with System Data Science &

Design Machine Learning

Learn more Learn more

Full Stack with Full Stack Data

MERN Science (AI & ML)

Learn more Learn more

www.tutort.net

Question. 21

Not Boring Movies

Write an SQL query to report the movies with an odd-numbered ID and a description
that is not "boring".

Return the result table ordered by rating in descending order.

Table Cinema

Column Name Type

id int
movie varchar
description varchar
rating float

id is the primary key for this table.


Each row contains information about the name of a movie,
its genre, and its rating.

rating is a 2 decimal places float in the range [0, 10]

Practice Question asked in

From To Switch from

Service Based
Sivani yadav
Senior Software Engineer
Company
at Mastercard
www.tutort.net

Question. 22

Exchange Seats
Write an SQL query to swap the seat id of every two consecutive students. If the number of
students is odd, the id of the last student is not swapped.

Return the result table ordered by id in ascending order.

Table Seat
id is the primary key column for this table.

Column Name Type
Each row of this table indicates the name and
the ID of a student.

id int
id is a continuous increment.
student varchar

Practice Question asked in

Question. 23

Swap Salary
Write an SQL query to swap all 'f' and 'm' values (i.e., change all 'f' values to 'm' and vice versa) with a
single update statement and no intermediate temporary tables.

N ote that you ust rite a single u date state ent do not rite any select state ent or this roble .
m w p m , w m f p m

Table Salary
id is the primary key for this table.

Column Name Type
The sex column is ENUM value of type ('m', 'f').

The table contains information about an employee.
id int
name varchar
sex ENUM
salary int

Practice Question asked in

www.tutort.net

Question. 24
Actors and Directors Who
Cooperated At Least Three Times
Write a SQL query for a report that provides the pairs (actor_id, director_id) where
the actor has cooperated with the director at least three times.

Return the result table in any order.

Table ActorDirector
Column Name Type
actor_id int
director_id int
timestamp int

timestamp is the primary key column for this table.

Practice Question asked in

From To Switch from

Service Based
Sivani yadav
Senior Software Engineer

at Mastercard
Company
www.tutort.net

Question. 25

Sales Analysis III

Write an SQL query that reports the products that were only sold in the first quarter of
2019. That is, between 2019-01-01 and 2019-03-31 inclusive.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Sales Table Product

Column Name Type Column Name Type

seller_id int product_id int

product_id int product_name varchar
buyer_id int unit_price int
sale_date date
quantity int
product_id is the primary key of this table.

price int Each row of this table indicates the name
and the price of each product.
This table has no primary key, it can have
repeated rows. product_id is a foreign key
to the Product table. Each row of this table
contains some information about one sale.

Practice Question asked in

From To Switch from

Service Based
Arpita Basak
Analyst at Goldman Sachs
Company
www.tutort.net

Question. 26

Game Play Analysis I

Write an SQL query to report the first login date for each player.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Activity

Column Name Type

player_id int

device_id int

event_date date

games_played int

(player_id, event_date) is the primary key of this table.


This table shows the activity of players of some games.


Each row is a record of a player who logged in and played a

number of games (possibly 0) before logging out on

someday using some device.

Question asked in
Practice

From To
Placed with

Shaloni Gangrade 100% Hike

SWE at Target
www.tutort.net

Question. 27

User Activity for the Past 30 Days I

Write an SQL query to find the daily active user count for a period of 30 days ending

2019-07-27 inclusively. A user was active on someday if they made at least one

activity on that day.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Activity

Column Name Type

user_id int

session_id int

activity_date date

activity_type enum

There is no primary key for this table, it may have duplicate rows.


The activity_type column is an ENUM of type ('open_session',

'end_session', 'scroll_down', 'send_message').


The table shows the user activities for a social media website. 


Note that each session belongs to exactly one user.

Question asked in
Practice

From To
Placed with

Avishkar Dalvi 245% Hike

MTS 3 at VMware
www.tutort.net

Question. 28

Article Views I

Write an SQL query to find all the authors that viewed at least one of their own articles.

Return the result table sorted by id in ascending order.

Table Activity

Column Name Type

article_id int

author_id int

viewer_id int

view_date date

There is no primary key for this table, it may have duplicate rows.


Each row of this table indicates that some viewer viewed an article

(written by some author) on some date. 


Note that equal author_id and viewer_id indicate the same person.

Question asked in
Practice

From To
Placed with

Subhadip Chowdhury 100% Hike

SWE at Target
www.tutort.net

Question. 29

Market Analysis I

Write an SQL query to find for each user, the join date and the number of orders they

made as a buyer in 2019.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Orders Table Users

Column Name Type

Column Name Type

order_id int
user_id int

order_date date
join_date date

item_id int
favorite_brand varchar

buyer_id int

seller_id int
user_id is the primary key of this table.


This table has the info of the users of an online

shopping website where users can sell and buy

order_id is the primary key of this table.

items.
item_id is a foreign key to the Items table.


buyer_id and seller_id are foreign keys to the

Users table.

Table Items

Column Name Type

item_id int

item_brand varchar

item_id is the primary key of this table.

Question asked in
Practice
www.tutort.net

Question. 30

Reformat Department Table

Write an SQL query to reformat the table such that there is a department id column

and a revenue column for each month.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Department

Column Name Type

id int

revenue int

month varchar

(id, month) is the primary key of this table. The table has

information about the revenue of each department per month.




The month has values in

["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"].

Question asked in
Practice

From To

Basant Pratap Singh

Software Engineer at Google
www.tutort.net

Question. 31

Capital Gain/Loss

Write an SQL query to report the Capital gain/loss for each stock.

The Capital gain/loss of a stock is the total gain or loss after buying and selling the

stock one or many times.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Stocks

Column Name Type

stock_name varchar

operation enum

operation_day int

price int

(stock_name, operation_day) is the primary key for this table.


The operation column is an ENUM of type ('Sell', 'Buy')


Each row of this table indicates that the stock which has stock_name

had an operation on the day operation_day with the price.


It is guaranteed that each 'Sell' operation for a stock has a

corresponding 'Buy' operation in a previous day. It is also guaranteed

that each 'Buy' operation for a stock has a corresponding 'Sell' operation

in an upcoming day.

Question asked in
Practice

From To Switch from

Service Based
Arpita Basak
Analyst at Goldman Sachs
Company
www.tutort.net

Question. 32

Top Travellers

Write an SQL query to report the distance traveled by each user.

Return the result table ordered by travelled_distance in descending order, if

two or more users traveled the same distance, order them by their name in

ascending order.

Table Rides Table Users

Column Name Type Column Name Type

id int id int

user_id int name varchar

distance int

id is the primary key for this table.


id is the primary key for this table.
 name is the name of the user.

user_id is the id of the user who traveled the

distance "distance".

Question asked in
Practice

From To
Placed with

Nikesh Bisen 120% Hike

Software Engineer at

Microsoft
www.tutort.net

Question. 33

Group Sold Products By The Date

Write an SQL query to find for each date the number of different products sold and
their names.

The sold products names for each date should be sorted lexicographically.
Return the result table ordered by sell_date.

Table Activities

Column Name Type

sell_date date
product varchar

There is no primary key for this table, it may

contain duplicates. Each row of this table contains
the product name and the date it was sold in a
market.

Practice Question asked in

From To Switch from

Service Based
Sivani yadav
Senior Software Engineer
Company
at Mastercard
www.tutort.net

Question. 34

Patients With a Condition

Write an SQL query to report the patient_id, patient_name and conditions of the
patients who have Type I Diabetes. Type I Diabetes always starts with DIAB1 prefix.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Patients

Column Name Type

patient_id int
patient_name varchar
conditions varchar

patient_id is the primary key for this table.


'conditions' contains 0 or more code separated by
spaces. This table contains information of the
patients in the hospital.

Practice Question asked in

DSA with System Data Science &

Design Machine Learning

Learn more Learn more

Full Stack with Full Stack Data

MERN Science (AI & ML)

Learn more Learn more

www.tutort.net

Question. 35

Customer Who Visited but Did Not

Make Any Transactions
Write a SQL query to find the IDs of the users who visited without making any
transactions and the number of times they made these types of visits.

Return the result table sorted in any order.

Table Transactions Table Visits

Column Name Type Column Name Type

transaction_id int visit_id int

visit_id int customer_id int
amount int

visit_id is the primary key for this table.


transaction_id is the primary key for this table.
 This table contains information about the
This table contains information about the customers who visited the mall.
transactions made during the visit_id.

Practice Question asked in

From To Switch from

Service Based
Arpita Basak
Analyst at Goldman Sachs
Company
www.tutort.net

Question. 36

Bank Account Summary II

Write an SQL query to report the name and balance of users with a balance higher

than 10000. The balance of an account is equal to the sum of the amounts of all

transactions involving that account.

Return the result table sorted in any order.

Table Transactions Table Users

Column Name Type Column Name Type

trans_id int account int

account int name varchar

amount int

transacted_on date
account is the primary key for this table.


Each row of this table contains the account

number of each user in the bank.


trans_id is the primary key for this table.

There will be no two users having the same name
Each row of this table contains all changes made
in the table.
to all accounts. amount is positive if the user

received money and negative if they transferred

money.


All accounts start with a balance of 0.

Question asked in
Practice

From To
Placed with

Shaloni Gangrade 100% Hike

SWE at Target
www.tutort.net

Question. 37

Fix Names in a Table

Write an SQL query to fix the names so that only the first character is uppercase and the rest

are lowercase.

Return the result table ordered by user_id.

Table Users

user_id is the primary key for this table.


Column Name Type
This table contains the ID and the name of the

user. The name consists of only lowercase and

user_id int
uppercase characters.

name varchar

Question asked in
Practice

Question. 38

Daily Leads and Partners

Write an SQL query that will, for each date_id and make_name, return the number of distinct

lead_id's and distinct partner_id's.

Return the result table in any order.

Table DailySales

This table does not have a primary key.


Column Name Type
This table contains the date and the name of the product

sold and the IDs of the lead and partner it was sold to.

date_id date
The name consists of only lowercase English letters.

make_name varchar

lead_id int

partner_id int

Question asked in
Practice
www.tutort.net

Question. 39

Find Followers Count

Write an SQL query that will, for each user, return the number of followers.

Return the result table ordered by user_id in ascending order.

Table Followers

Column Name Type

user_id int
follower_id int

(user_id, follower_id) is the primary key for this table.


This table contains the IDs of a user and a follower in a
social media app where the follower follows the user.

Practice Question asked in

DSA with System Data Science &

Design Machine Learning

Learn more Learn more

Full Stack with Full Stack Data

MERN Science (AI & ML)

Learn more Learn more

www.tutort.net

Question. 40

Find Total Time Spent by Each Employee

Write an SQL query to calculate the total time in minutes spent by each employee on
each day at the office. Note that within one day, an employee can enter and leave
more than once. The time spent in the office for a single entry is out_time - in_time.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Employees

Column Name Type

emp_id int
event_day date
in_time int
out_time int

(emp_id, event_day, in_time) is the primary key of this table.


The table shows the employees' entries and exits in an office.

event_day is the day at which this event happened, in_time is the minute at which the employee entered the
office, and out_time is the minute at which they left the office.

in_time and out_time are between 1 and 1440.

It is guaranteed that no two events on the same day intersect in time, and in_time < out_time.

Practice Question asked in

From To Switch from

Service Based
Sivani yadav
Senior Software Engineer
Company
at Mastercard
www.tutort.net

Question. 41
Recyclable and Low Fat Products
Write an SQL query to find the ids of products that are both low fat and recyclable.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Users
product_id is the primary key for this table.

Column Name Type
low_fats is an ENUM of type ('Y', 'N') where 'Y' means this
product is low fat and 'N' means it is not.

product_id int
recyclable is an ENUM of types ('Y', 'N') where 'Y' means this
low_fats enum product is recyclable and 'N' means it is not.
recyclable enum

Practice Question asked in

Question. 42

Rearrange Products Table

Write an SQL query to rearrange the Products table so that each row has (product_id, store, price). If
a product is not available in a store, do not include a row with that product_id and store
combination in the result table.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Products
product_id is the primary key for this table.

Column Name Type
Each row in this table indicates the product's price in 3
different stores: store1, store2, and store3.

product_id int
If the product is not available in a store, the price will be null
store1 int in that store's column.
store2 int
store3 int

Practice Question asked in

www.tutort.net

Question. 43

Calculate Special Bonus

Write an SQL query to calculate the bonus of each employee. The bonus of an

employee is 100% of their salary if the ID of the employee is an odd number and the

employee name does not start with the character 'M'. The bonus of an employee is 0

otherwise.

Return the result table ordered by employee_id.

Table Employees

Column Name Type

employee_id int

name varchar

salary int

(emp_id, event_day, in_time) is the primary key of this table.


The table shows the employees' entries and exits in an office.


event_day is the day at which this event happened, in_time is the minute at which the employee entered the

office, and out_time is the minute at which they left the office.


in_time and out_time are between 1 and 1440.


It is guaranteed that no two events on the same day intersect in time, and in_time < out_time.

Question asked in
Practice

From To
Placed with

Nikesh Bisen 120% Hike

Software Engineer at

Microsoft
www.tutort.net

Question. 44

The Latest Login in 2020

Write an SQL query to report the latest login for all users in the year 2020. Do not
include the users who did not login in 2020.

Return the result table in any order.

Table Logins

Column Name Type

user_id int

time_stamp datetime

(user_id, time_stamp) is the primary key for this table.


Each row contains information about the login time for the user with ID user_id.

Practice Question asked in

DSA with System Data Science &

Design Machine Learning

Learn more Learn more

Full Stack with Full Stack Data

MERN Science (AI & ML)

Learn more Learn more

www.tutort.net

Question. 45

Employees With Missing Information

Write an SQL query to report the IDs of all the employees with missing information. The
information of an employee is missing if
The employee's name is missing, o
The employee's salary is missing.

Return the result table ordered by employee_id in ascending order.

Table Employees Table Salaries

Column Name Type Column Name Type

employee_id int employee_id int

name varchar salary int

employee_id is the primary key for this table.
 employee_id is the primary key for this table.

Each row of this table indicates the name of the Each row of this table indicates the salary of the
employee whose ID is employee_id. employee whose ID is employee_id.

Practice Question asked in

From To

Basant Pratap Singh

Software Engineer at Google
Explore More

www.tutort.net

Watch us on Youtube Read more on Quora

Explore our courses

Advanced DSA & System Full Stack Specialisation in

Design Course Software Development

Follow us on