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This document discusses various Windows maintenance skills including virus protection, disk cleanup, data defragmentation, and backup and restoration. It provides information on identifying and preventing viruses, using disk cleanup and ScanDisk utilities to free up disk space and check for errors, how file fragmentation occurs and using defragmentation to improve performance, and creating backup plans and restoring files using Windows backup software. The document contains several outlines, descriptions, and screenshots to illustrate the various maintenance topics.

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Anas Ismail Almalayu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
49 views

It 03

This document discusses various Windows maintenance skills including virus protection, disk cleanup, data defragmentation, and backup and restoration. It provides information on identifying and preventing viruses, using disk cleanup and ScanDisk utilities to free up disk space and check for errors, how file fragmentation occurs and using defragmentation to improve performance, and creating backup plans and restoring files using Windows backup software. The document contains several outlines, descriptions, and screenshots to illustrate the various maintenance topics.

Uploaded by

Anas Ismail Almalayu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Information Technology

Skills

Windows Maintaining

by Dr. Saud S. Alotaibi


Email: [email protected]

Course Material Web Site: elearn.uqu.edu.sa

1
Outlines
 Virus protection
 Disk cleanup
 Data defragmentation
 Back up and restoration point

2
Virus protection
What Viruses CAN’t Do

 Viruses CAN’T physically


damage your computer’s
hardware.
 If your computer suddenly
bursts into flames, IT
ISN’T A VIRUS!
 However, viruses CAN
(and probably will) wreck
your computer’s files.

Image courtesy http://www.adelon.ru/

4
Viruses Introduction
 A program that has 2 functions:
 Proliferate
 Activate
 Potential sources:
 Shareware
 Downloaded files
 Pirated software

5
Virus Types
 Only 4 types of viruses exist:
 Boot sector
 Executable
 Macro
 Trojan horse

 See this video:


 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8mbzU0X2nQ

6
Antivirus Tools
 Disconnect from the Internet!
 Specialized antivirus programs
 Antivirus programs work to protect computer in 2 ways:
 Active mode (“seek and destroy”)
 Passive mode (“sentry”)

7
Virus Prevention
 Scan PC daily for possible virus attacks
 Only install trusted software
 Weekly update your anti-virus
 Weekly update your Windows OS

8
Disk Cleanup
How Your Hard Drive Works
 The data on your hard drive is stored in “clusters” –
blocks that are typically 2,048 bytes, 4,096 bytes, or
8,192 bytes in size. (And no, you aren’t supposed to
know this.)

 What happens when a file (like Microsoft Word) is so


large that it won’t fit in just one cluster?
 It is stored in multiple clusters. (Duh!)

10
“Honey, Does This Table Make Me Look
Fat?”
 To keep track of all the clusters and to which
programs or files they belong, your computer uses a
“Directory” and a “File Allocation Table”

 The directory stores the file name, its size, and its
beginning cluster.

 The File Allocation table – the “FAT” in “FAT 32” –


remembers where all subsequent clusters belonging
to that file are located.
 Different file system
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_h30HBYxtws
11
Disk Cleanup
 Frees disk space and improves file system performance
 Select the choice to compress old files to free up a lot of space
 ScanDisk is a free
Microsoft utility that
 Fixes FAT problems (like lost
clusters).
 Checks your hard drive for
invalid file names and date
stamps.
 Checks the surface of your
hard drive for physical
damage (this takes forever
and is optional).

12
Scan HD for Errors
 There may be errors on individual clusters on HD
 Important to check for bad clusters
 ScanDisk:
 Standard
 Thorough

13
Disk Defragmentation
What is “Fragmentation”
 Remember how large files fill multiple clusters?

 In the course of using your computer – creating,


deleting, and modifying files – these clusters become
more and more non-sequential.

 Instead of being in clusters 5, 6, and 7, a file could be


placed in clusters 5, 62, and 1573.

 This is called “fragmentation.”

15
What is Defragmentation?
 Defragmenting – or “defragging” – your hard drive simply means
making all of the clusters on your hard drive sequential again.

 It puts file1’s clusters in a row, followed by file2’s, and so on.

16
Defragmenting Volumes

Windows XP Professional attempts to save files in


locations on the hard disk that are large enough
to accommodate the entire file. If there is no
suitable location, Windows XP Professional saves
fragments of the file in several locations. This
fragmentation of files on the hard disk decreases
system performance because the computer must
read file data from various locations on the hard
disk.

Windows XP Professional provides two methods


of defragmenting:
•Disk Defragmenter, which is a snap-in tool.
•The defrag command-line tool.
Both tools enable you to defragment files or
volumes of any cluster size

17 17
Using Disk Defragmenter (Windows XP)

18 18
Windows 10 defragmentation

19 4/12/2023
Disk Defragmentation Options
Description

Click this button to analyze the disk for


fragmentation. After the analysis, there is
Analyse
graphic representation of how fragmented the
partition is, and a dialog box appears informing
you if the disk should be defragmented or not.

Defragment Click this button to defragment the disk. During


defragmentation, there is a graphic
representation of the defragmented partition.
Pause Click this button to temporarily stop analyzing or
defragmenting a volume.

Stop Click this button to interrupt and stop analyzing


or defragmenting a volume.

View Report Click this button to view additional information


about the files and folders that were analyzed.
20 20
Backup and Restoration point

4/12/2023
File Backup
 Data loss is inevitable!
 Must ensure that critical data is secure
 Create backup plan
 Windows comes with backup software that works with variety of
media (tape, hard drive, removable media).

22
Backup Plans
 5 common types of backups:
 Normal
 Straight copy
 Daily
 Incremental
 Differential

23
Backup and restore in windows 10

24
Restore point

25
Restore system files

26
Information Technology
Skills

Questions

27

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