3.

HEAD AND NECK

Index

Cartilages of larynx 287 dissection 165

A arytenoid 288 external carotid 110, 354
corniculate 289 ascending pharyngeal 111, 354
Accumulation of wax 312
cricoid 288 facial 111, 354
Acute retropharyngeal abscess 89
attachments 288 lingual 111, 354
Adenoids 258
cuneiform 289 maxillary 112, 354
Air embolism 88, 94 epiglottis 288 occipital 111, 354
Allergic rhinitis 277 attachments 288 posterior auricular 111, 354
Anaesthetist's arteries 75, 165, 166, 357 laryngeal joints 289 superficial temporal 112, 354
Aneurysm 165 laryngeal ligaments and membranes 289 superior thyroid 110, 354
Anosmia 277 extrinsic 289 internal carotid 166, 354
Ansa cervicalis or ansa hypoglossi 107 intrinsic 290 Common cold 272
formation 107 thyroid 287 Comparison of the three salivary glands 149
Anterior triangle subdivisions 103 attachments 287 Compression of the spinal cord 209
carotid triangle 105 Cataract 334 Compression of trachea 184
digastric triangle 103 Cauda equina syndrome 209 Conjunctivitis 79, 329
muscular triangle 107 Caudal epidural 209 Corneal graft 329
submental triangle 103 Causes of headache 216 Corneal opacity 329
Anterior triangle of the neck 99 Cephalhaematoma 67 Cranial cavity 212
surface landmarks 99 Cerebral dura mater 213 contents 212
Antrum puncture 279 blood supply 215 dissection 212
Apical abscess of tooth 249 endosteal layer 213 Cut throat wounds 102
Aqueous humour 333 meningeal layer 213
diaphragma sellae 215
Arteries 342
falx cerebelli 215 D
common carotid 165, 342
falx cerebri 213 Dacrocystitis 80
facial 75, 342
tentorium cerebelli 214
internal carotid 166, 342 Dangerous area of face 76, 81
nerve supply 215
middle meningeal 129, 343 Dangerous area of the scalp 67
Cervical caries 89
subclavian 162, 343 Dangerous space in neck 90
Cervical part of sympathetic trunk 171
Arteries of head and neck 162, 354 Death in execution 187
dissection 171
Artery of epistaxis 130, 274 Decalcification of atlas vertebra 56
formation 171
Assessing of the venous pressure 94 Deep cervical fascia 86
inferior cervical ganglion 172
Auriculotemporal syndrome 120 buccopharyngeal fascia 90
branches 172
middle cervical ganglion 172 carotid sheath 90
branches 172 relations 90
B superior cervical ganglion 172 investing layer 86
branches 172 attachments 86
Back of the neck 196 other features 88
Cervical pleura 190
dissection 196 pharyngobasilar fascia 90
Cervical plexus 190, 350
nerve supply of skin 197 pretracheal fascia 89
phrenic nerve 192, 350
Bell's palsy 118 prevertebral fascia 89
Cervical rib 55, 96, 165
Biopsy of the lymph node 96 attachments and relations 89
Cervical spondylosis 187
Black eye 67 other features 89
Cervical vertebrae 51
Blepharitis 79 Deglutition 266
Cervical vertebrae, fracture of 188
Block dissection of the neck 96 development 266
Chalazion 79
Blood vessels of the neck 162 first stage 266
Choking by food 257
Boils in external auditory meatus 312 second stage 266
Choroid 330
Brachiocephalic vein 169
Chronic otitis media 319 third stage 266
Ciliary body 330 Dental caries 249
C Cisternal puncture 208 Derangement of the articular disc 134
Cleft palate 257 Development of the arteries 176
Caldwell-Luc operation 279 Common anterior midline swellings of the Deviation of the nasal septum 274
Cannulation of internal jugular vein 169 neck 102 Dislocation of mandible 134
Caput succedaneum 6 Common carotid artery 109, 165, 354 Dysphagia 96, 158, 265
Carcinoma of the maxillary sinus 279 carotid body 109 Dysphagia lusoria 96, 165
Carcinoma of the tongue 303 carotid sinus 109 Dysphonia 158
Carotid sinus syndrome 109 course 165 Dyspnoea 158
361
362 HUMAN ANATOMY—HEAD AND NECK

Fontanelles 6 hypothalamohypophyseal portal system 223

E Foramina of skull bones and their molecular regulation 222
contents 56 neurohypophysis 222
Ear cough 312
Foreign bodies in eyelid 79 subdivisions/parts and development 222
Ectropion 79
Foreign body in larynx 291 Hypothyroidism 158
Epiphora 81
Fracture at the canine socket 36
Ethmoid bone 47
cribriform plate 47
Fracture of cribriform plate 272
Fracture of the anterior cranial fossa 23
I
crista galli 47
Fracture of the mandible 36 Inferior alveolar nerve to be
labyrinths 47
perpendicular plate 47 Fracture of the middle cranial fossa 25, 319 anaesthetized 139
Eustachian catarrh 268, 319 Fracture of the posterior cranial fossa 26 Inferior nasal conchae 48
External ear 309 Fractures of skull 56 Infranuclear lesion of the facial nerve 73
auricle/pinna 309 Frey's syndrome 120, 357 Infratemporal fossa 123
dissection 311 Frontal bone 41 boundaries 123
external acoustic meatus 310 anatomical position 41 contents 124
tympanic membrane 311 nasal part 42 Injury to spine of sphenoid 358
blood supply 312 orbital parts 41 Interior of the skull 21
lymphatic drainage 312 squamous part 41 Attachments and relations 26
nerve supply 312 internal surface of cranial vault 22
venous drainage 312 G internal surface of the base of skull 22
External examination of larynx 291 anterior cranial fossa 22, 27
Extracranial and subdural haemorrhages 216 Ganglion of hay fever 283 middle cranial fossa 24, 27
Extraction of malplaced 'wisdom' tooth 138 Glands 345 posterior cranial fossa 25, 27
Extradural haemorrhage 13, 130, 226, 358 parotid 114, 345 structures passing through foramina 27
Extraocular muscles 232 parotid duct 119, 346 Internal ear 320
dissection 232 submandibular 146, 346 bony labyrinth 320
involuntary muscles 233 thyroid 153, 346 cochlea 320
Eyeball 327 semicircular canals 320
Eyelids or palpebrae 78 vestibule 320
blood supply 79
H membranous labyrinth 321
dissection 78 Internal jugular vein 168
Hangman's fracture 56
lymphatic drainage 79 Involution of the thymus 161
Hard palate 252
nerve supply 79 Iris 330
dissection 252
structure 78 vessels and nerves 252
Head and neck 3 J
F compartments of neck 3
functions of 3 Jaw-jerk reflex 138
Face 67 regions 3 Joints of the neck 184
dissection 67 anterior triangle 4 atlantoaxial 186
facial artery 75 auricular 3 atlanto-occipital 185
facial muscles 68 frontal 3 between atlas, axis and occipital bone 185
around the mouth 69 nasal 4 ligaments connecting axis with occipital
of the auricle 68 occipital 3 bone 187
of the eyelids 68 ocular 3 typical cervical 184
of the neck 71 oral cavity 4 Judicial hanging 56
of the nose 68 parietal 3
of the scalp 68 parotid 4
lymphatic drainage 77 posterior 4 K
nerve supply 71 temporal 3
motor 71 Heimlich maneuver 257 Kiesselbach's plexus 130
sensory 74 Herpes zoster of the geniculate ganglion 313 Killian's dehiscence 265, 357
skin 68 Hilton's method of draining parotid gland Koplik's spots
superficial fascia 68 abscess 120, 357
transverse facial artery 76 Horner's syndrome 172 L
veins of the face 76 Hutchinson's teeth 250
Facial nerve 323 Hyoid bone 50 Lacrimal apparatus 79
Features of the temporal bone 309 attachments 51 conjunctival sac 80
Fibreoptic flexible laryngoscopy 291 body 50 dissection 79
First cervical vertebra 53 development 51 lacrimal gland 79
attachments and relations 53 greater cornua 50 lacrimal puncta and canaliculi 80
ossification 54 lesser cornua 51 lacrimal sac 80
Foetal skull/neonatal skull 30 Hyperacusis 319 nasolacrimal duct 80
abnormal crania 32 Hypermetropia 329 Lacrimal bones 49
craniometry 31 Hyperparathyroidism 160 Borders 49
dimensions 30 Hypertrophy of the tubal tonsil 258 Surfaces 49
facial angle 32 Hypoglossal nerve 303 Landmarks on the anterior aspect of the
orbits 30 Hypoparathyroidism 160 neck 340
ossification 30 Hypophysis cerebri 221 Landmarks on the face 337
paranasal air sinuses 30 adenohypophysis 222 Landmarks on the lateral side of the head 338
sex differences in the skull 31 arterial supply 222 Landmarks on the side of the neck 339
structure of bones 30 dissection 221 Laryngeal oedema 291
temporal bone 30 histology 222 Laryngitis 291
INDEX 363

Larynx 286 of second part 129, 355 facial 71, 344

arterial supply and venous drainage 293 buccal 129, 355 glossopharyngeal 169, 344
cavity of 290 deep temporal 129, 355 hypoglossal 303, 345
constitution of larynx 286 masseteric 129, 355 lingual and inferior alveolar 136, 137, 344
dissection 286 pterygoid 129, 355 mandibular 134, 344
intrinsic muscles of larynx 291 of third part 129, 355 phrenic 192, 345
lymphatic drainage 294 artery of pterygoid canal 129, 355 vagus 169, 344
mucous membrane of 290 course and relations 128 Nerves of the orbit 239
nerve supply 293 greater palatine 129, 355 abducent nerve 241
sensory nerves 233 infraorbital 129, 355 branches of ophthalmic division of
Lateral wall of nose 274 pharyngeal 129, 355 trigeminal nerve 241
arterial supply 276 posterior superior alveolar 129, 355 frontal 242
conchae and meatuses 274 pterygoid plexus of veins 130 lacrimal 241
atrium of the middle meatus 276 sphenopalatine (terminal part) 129, 355 nasociliary 242
inferior meatus 273 pterygoid plexus of vein 130 ciliary ganglion 240
middle meatus 273 Maxillary nerve 280 oculomotor nerve 240
superior meatus 276 ganglionic branches 280 optic nerve 239
dissection 274, 276 infraorbital nerve 281 sympathetic nerves of the orbit 244
features 274 posterior superior alveolar nerve 280 trochlear nerve 241
lymphatic drainage 277 zygomatic nerve 281 Norma basalis 13
nerve supply 276 Microlaryngoscopy 291 anterior part 13
venous drainage 276 Middle ear 314 alveolar arch 13
Lens 333 boundaries 315 hard palate 13
Leptomeningitis 208 communications 315 attachments 18
Little's area 274, 358 dissection 314 middle part 14
Loss of corneal blink reflex 358 ear ossicles 317 lateral area 15
Loss of jaw jerk reflex 138, 358 functions of the middle ear 318 median area 14
Loss of sneeze reflex 358 joints of the ossicles 317 posterior part 16
Ludwig's angina 102, 357 muscles of the middle ear 317 lateral area 16
Lumbar epidural 208 shape and size 314 median area 16
Lumbar puncture in adult 208 Middle meningeal artery 225 structures passing through foramina 18
Lumbar puncture in infant/children 208 branches 226 Norma frontalis 8
Luschka's joints 56 course and relations 225 anterior bony aperture of the nose 9
Lymphatic drainage of head and neck 173 dissection 226 attachments 10
deep group 174 Mixed parotid tumour 120 bones 8
deepest group 175 Motor part of the mandibular nerve 138 frontal region 8
Müller's muscle 79
main lymph trunks 175 lower part of the face 9
Mumps 115
superficial group 173 mandible 10
Muscles connecting the upper limb to the
Waldeyer's ring 175 orbital openings 8
vertebral column 200
structures passing through foramina 10
Muscles of mastication 124
sutures of 10
M dissection 124
zygomatic bone 10
lateral pterygoid 125
Mandible 32 masseter 125 Norma lateralis 10
age changes 35 medial pterygoid 125 bones 10
attachments and relations of 34 relations of lateral pterygoid 126 external acoustic meatus 12
body 33 temporalis 125 features 11
foramina and relations to nerves and Muscles of the back 197 mastoid part of the temporal bone 12
vessels 34 Muscles of prevertebral region structures passing through foramina 13
ossification 35 longus capitis 181 styloid process 12
ramus 33 longus colli 181 temporal fossa 12
structures related 35 rectus capitis anterior 181 zygomatic arch 11
Mandibular nerve 134 rectus capitis lateralis 181 Norma occipitalis 6
branches 135 scalenovertebral triangle 181 attachments 6
course and relations 134 Myopia 329 bones 6
dissection 134 Myringotomy 314 other features 6
Mandibular neuralgia 138 sutures 6
Mastoid abscess 319 N Norma verticalis 6
bones 6
Maxilla 36
age changes 39 Nasal bones 49 some other named features 6
articulations 39 borders 49 sutures 6
body 36 Surfaces 49 Nose 271
ossification 39 Nasal septum 273 external nose 271
processes 38 arterial supply 273 nasal cavity 271
side determination 36 dissection 273 Nystagmus 236
Maxillary artery 127, 129, 355 features 273
course and relations 128 lymphatic drainage 274 O
of first part 129, 356, 546 nerve supply 273
accessory meningeal 129, 355 venous drainage 273 Occipital bone 40
anterior tympanic 129, 355 Nerve of near vision 358 anatomical position 40
deep auricular 129, 355 Nerves basilar part 41
first part 129, 356 accessory 169, 345 condylar part 41
inferior alveolar 129, 355 auriculotemporal 67, 136, 344 features 40
middle meningeal 129, 355 cervical sympathetic chain 171, 345 squamous part 40
364 HUMAN ANATOMY—HEAD AND NECK

Occipitalization of atlas 56 borders 40

Oesophagus 184 side determination 40 R
Olfactory nerve 277 surfaces 40 Radiological anatomy 347
Optic atrophy 240 Parotid calculi 120 carotiod angiogram 348
Optic neuritis 240 Parotid gland 114 cervical vertebrae 348
Oral cavity 246 capsule 115 lateral view of skull 347
cheeks 247 dissection 114 special PA view of skull for paranasal
gums 247 external features 115 sinuses 348
lips 246 lymphatic drainage 119 Referred pain of cancer of tongue 138
oral cavity proper 247 nerve supply 118 Retina 331
vestibule 246 parotid duct 119 histology 332
Orbits 231 relations 115 Retinal detachment 332
dissection 231 structures within the parotid gland 117
fascial sheath of eyeball 232 Parotid region 114
ophthalmic artery 237
ophthalmic veins 239
Parotid swellings 88, 115 S
Passavant's ridge 254, 357
orbital fascia 231 Perichondritis 313 Safety muscle of larynx 357
visual axis and orbital axis 231 Pharyngeal apparatus 356 Safety muscle of the tongue 304
Ossification of cranial bones 56 derivatives of ectodermal clefts 356 Scalene muscles 188, 189
Other structures seen in cranial fossae 226 derivatives of endodermal pouches 356 dissection 188
cranial nerves 226 molecular regulation 357 Scalp, temple 62
fourth part of the vertebral artery 228 structures derived from skeletal and dissection 63
internal carotid artery 226 muscular components of pharyngeal extent of scalp 63
petrosal nerves 227 arches 356 five layers 63
deep petrosal nerve 227 Pharyngeal diverticulum 265 surface landmarks 62
external petrosal nerve 228 Pharyngeal spaces 80 Second cervical vertebra 54
lesser petrosal nerve 227 lateral pharyngeal space 90 attachments 54
Otic ganglion 137 retropharyngeal space 90 body and dens 54
connections and branches 137 Pharyngotympanic tube 266 Seventh cervical vertebra 55
Otitis media 319 bony part 267 attachments 55
Otosclerosis 319 cartilaginous part 267 ossification 55
Outer coat of eyeball 327 function 267 Side of the neck 84
cornea 329 nerve supply 267 boundaries 84
dissection 329 vascular supply 267 dissection 85
sclera 327 Pharynx 257 landmarks 84
dissection 328 blood supply 266 skin 84
boundaries 258 superficial fascia 85
P comparison between nasopharynx, Singer's nodules 291, 357
oropharynx and laryngopharynx 259 Sinusitis 279
Palatine bones 50 dimensions 257 Sites for sebaceous cysts 66
plates 50 dissection 258 Skin incisions 102
processes 50 lymphatic drainage 266 Skull 4
Palatine tonsil 259, 346 muscles of 263 anatomical position of 5
arterial supply 260 nerve supply 265 bones of 4
development 261 parts of 258 calvaria 4
features 259 structure of 262 facial skeleton 4
histology 261 Phrenic nerve 192 skull joints 4
lymphatic drainage 260 Pituitary tumours 223 methods of study of 5
venous drainage 260 Posterior triangle 93 peculiarities of 5
Palpebral conjunctiva 79 boundaries 93 Smuggler's fossa 291
Paralysis of the soft palate 257 division of 94 Sneeze reflex 283
Paranasal sinuses 277, 346 relevant features of the contents 94 Soft palate 252
dissection 277 Potential tissue spaces in head and neck 112 blood supply 256
ethmoidal sinuses 279 parapharyngeal space 112 development of palate 257
anterior 279 parotid space 112 movements and functions 256
middle 279 peritonsillar space 112 muscles of the soft palate 254
posterior 279 retropharyngeal space 112 nerve supply 254
features 277, 346 submandibular space 112 Passavant's ridge 254
frontal sinus 277 submental space 112 structure 253
maxillary sinus 278, 346 Principles governing fractures of the skull 27 Sphenoid bone 45
sphenoidal sinus 279 Prolapse of an intervertebral disc 56, 209 body of sphenoid 45
Parasympathetic ganglia Pterion 13 greater wings 45
ciliary 240, 353 Pterygopalatine fossa 280 lesser wings 46
otic 137, 352 boundaries 280 pterygoid processes 47
pterygopalatine 181, 351 communications 280 superior orbital fissure 46
submandibular 148, 350 contents 280 Spinal nerves 209
Parathyroid glands 159 Pterygopalatine ganglion 281 Spinal tumours 209
development 162 branches 282 Spondylitis 188
histology 160 connections 281 Squint/strabismus 236
position 159 dissection 282 Stealing of blood 165
vascular supply 159 features 281 Sternocleidomastoid muscle 91
Parietal bone 40 Pulsation of common carotid artery 166 actions 91
angles 40 Pyorrhoea alveolaris 249 blood supply 91
INDEX 365

insertion 91 nerve supply of 249 Trigeminal ganglion 224

nerve supply 91 parts of a tooth 248 associated roots and branches 224
origin 91 stages of development of deciduous other relations 224
relations 91 teeth 250 situation and meningeal relations 224
Structures in the anterior median region of Temporal bone 42 Trigeminal nerve 224
the neck 100 features 42 motor component 225
deep fascia 100 petromastoid part 43 sensory components 225
dissection 101 side determination 42 Trigeminal neuralgia 74, 283
skin 100 squamous part 43 Tympanic or mastoid antrum 318
structures lying above the hyoid bone 101 styloid process 44 dissection 318
structures lying below the hyoid bone 101 tympanic part 44 mastoid air cells 319
superficial fascia 100 Temporal fossa 123 vessels, lymphatics and nerves 319
Stye or hordeolum 79 boundaries 123 Typical cervical vertebrae 51
Styloid apparatus 176 contents 123 attachments and relations 52
Subclavian artery 162, 355 Temporomandibular joint 130 ossification 52
branches 163 articular disc 131
costocervical trunk 165, 355
course 162
articular surfaces 130
blood supply 132
V
internal thoracic artery 164, 355 dissection 130 Veins/sinuses
origin 162 ligaments 130 cavernous sinus 216
thyrocervical trunk 164, 355 movements 132 dissection 216
vertebral artery is 164, 180, 355 muscles producing movements 133 external jugular 94, 343
Subclavian vein 167 nerve supply 132 facial 76, 343
Sublingual salivary gland 147 relations of 132 internal jugular 168, 343
relations 148 Testing facial muscles 73 relations 217
Submandibular ganglion 148 The orbit 28 sigmoid 220, 344
connections and branches 148 floor 28 sigmoid sinuses 220
Submandibular salivary gland 146 foramina in relation to 30 straight sinus 220
blood supply 147 lateral wall 28 superior sagittal 219, 343
deep part 147 medial wall 29 superior sagittal sinus 219
dissection 146 roof 28 transverse 220, 343
features 146 shape and disposition 28
lymphatic drainage 147 draining channels 217
Thrombosis of sinuses 220
nerve supply 147 cavernous sinus 218, 240
submandibular duct 147 tributaries 217
sigmoid sinus 220 Vertebral artery 180
superficial part 146 superior sagittal sinus 220
Suboccipital region 201 development 183
Throttling or strangulation 51 dissection 180
boundaries of suboccipital triangle 202 Thymic hyperplasia 161
contents 202 Vertebral canal 206
Thymic tumours 161 arachnoid mater 207
dissection 201 Thymus 160
other related structures 203 contents 206
blood supply 160 epidural space 207
suboccipital muscles 201 development 161
Subtotal thyroidectomy 158 spinal dura mater 207
functions 160 spinal pia mater 207
Superficial temporal region 65 histology 161
arterial supply 65 subarachnoid space 207
Thyroid gland 153 subdural space 207
lymphatic drainage 66 arterial supply 156
nerve supply 66 Vertebral system of veins 209
capsules of thyroid 154
venous drainage 65 anatomy of the vertebral venous plexus 209
dimensions and weight 154
Suprahyoid muscles 142 communications and implications 209
dissection 153
digastric 143 Vestibulocochlear nerve 323
lymphatic drainage 157
dissection 144 Virchow's lymph nodes 176
parts and relations 155
genioglossus 143 Vitreous body 334
situation and extent 154
geniohyoid 143 Voluntary extraocular muscles 233
venous drainage 157
hyoglossus 143 actions 235
Thyroidectomy 157
mylohyoid 143 insertion 233
Tongue 299
relations of hyoglossus 145 nerve supply 234
arterial supply 301
relations of mylohyoid 144 origin 233
development 304
relations of posterior belly of digastric 144 Vomer 48
histology 304
stylohyoid 143 lymphatic drainage 303
Supranuclear lesions of the facial nerve 73
Supraventricular tachycardia 109
muscles of 301 W
extrinsic 301
Suspensory ligaments of Berry 89 intrinsic 301 Waldeyer's lymphatic ring 258, 357
Sympathetic trunk 171, 350 nerve supply 303 Wisdom teeth 250
Syringing of ear 313, 358 papillae of 300 Wounds of the scalp 66
parts of 299 Wry neck 93
T referred pain 306
taste pathway 306
Teacher's nodules 291 venous drainage 301 Z
Teeth 248 Torticollis 92
eruption of 249 Trachea 183 Zygomatic bones 48
form and function 249 cervical part of 183 borders 48
molecular regulation of tooth Tracheostomy 102, 184 processes 49
development 251 Trachoma 79 surfaces 48