Brisbane PTE

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Welcome to Week-1 program

Online Class- Wednesday Afternoon Reading Practice

Online Class 1
Week-1
Study Plan

11am-12:30pm
2:30pm-3:30pm
6pm-7:30pm

2
Reading Fill in the
blanks_Drag
Learn the 12 grammar rules

Super Sonic/ Express/ Regular Strategy Class 5

• Rule-1, After a determiner, a noun is required. Definition of Specific determiners: Specific determiners are used
to denote specific or particular things.

Specific determiners include the following:

The definite article: the, an, a, Possessives: his, her, your, its, my, our, their, whose, Demonstratives: these, those,
this, that

• Rule-2, After a determiner, a noun is required. After article ‘an’, a noun is required (beginning a, e , i , o , u)

• Rule-3, After am/is/are/were/have/has/had- a verb is required

• Rule-4, After to- a verb (simple form) is required.

• Rule-5, If you see a sentence starts with a blank, usually a VERB with ING is required.
You need to use 12 grammar rules and understand the meaning of the sentence.

• Rule-6, Preposition rule- Noun preposition Noun

• Rule-7, VERB is missing. REMEMBER every sentence has a main VERB.

• Rule-8, An adverb is required before a verb. / Before an adjective, ADVERB is required

• Rule-9, If a blank is before the preposition, BY, a VERB in past participle form is required.

• Rule-10, Before a noun, adjective is required.

• Rule-11, Rule of conjunction -means the same phrase or part of speech will be before and after the
conjunction.

• Rule-12, Modal+simple verb , Modal+be+V3

Timing is important for revision. Have you (a)__________ that during the school day you get times when you
just don't care any longer? I don't mean the lessons you don't like, but the ones you find usually find OK, but
on some occasions, you just can't be bothered with it. You may have other (b)__________ on your mind, be
tired, restless, or looking forward to what comes next. Whatever the reason, that particular lesson doesn't get
100 percent effort from you. The same is true of revision. Your mental and physical attitude are (c)__________.
If you try to revise when you are tired or totally (d)__________ with something else, your revision will be
inefficient and just about worthless. If you approach it feeling fresh, alert and happy, it will be so much easier
and you will learn more, faster. However, if you make no plans and just slip in a little bit of revision when you
feel like it, you probably won’t do much revision! You need a revision timetable so you don't keep
(e)__________ it off.

• Options: important/noticed/things/occupied/putting
Reading FIB
2. BRETON LANGUAGE ( clues: helping verb+main verb)

It is difficult to tell precisely when the Breton language was born. As early as the 6th century the new country
was (a)__________ and known as "Lesser Britain", but for many centuries its language (b)__________ close to
the one of Great Britain - very close even to the dialect spoken in the South West. The 8th century is the
milestone where Breton, Cornish and Welsh are (c)__________ as different languages.

• Options: remained/established/considered
Reading FIB
3. LAKE TURKANA (clues: after have V3/ conjunction rule/ gerund)

Lake Turkana is a large lake in Kenya, East Africa. This (a)__________ of Africa was home to some of the first
humans. Here, archaeologists have found piles of (b)__________ (both human and animal) and collections of
stones that humans used as (c)__________. By carefully uncovering and (d)__________ these remains,
scientists have started to put together the story of our earliest ancestors. In 2001, a 4-million-year-old skeleton
was (e)__________ in the area. Although a link between it and modern-day humans has not been established,
the skeleton shows the species was walking upright.

• Options: examining/part/bones/tools/uncovered
Reading FIB
3. LAKE TURKANA (clues: after have V3/ conjunction rule/ gerund)

Lake Turkana is a large lake in Kenya, East Africa. This (a)__________ of Africa was home to some of the first
humans. Here, archaeologists have found piles of (b)__________ (both human and animal) and collections of
stones that humans used as (c)__________. By carefully uncovering and (d)__________ these remains,
scientists have started to put together the story of our earliest ancestors. In 2001, a 4-million-year-old skeleton
was (e)__________ in the area. Although a link between it and modern-day humans has not been established,
the skeleton shows the species was walking upright.

• Options: examining/part/bones/tools/uncovered
Reading FIB
4. STANDARD RESPONSE (adj+noun/derterminer/conjunction rule)

The (a)__________ observer does not necessarily recognize the (b)__________ in how a teacher, for instance,
responds to a (c)__________ question from a normally quiet student and how that may be very different from
the 'standard response' to a commonly inquisitive or (d)__________ student. Expert teachers are aware of
what they are doing; they monitor and adjust their teaching behaviours to bring out the (e)__________ in
their students.

• Options: talkative/casual/skill/thoughtful/best
Reading FIB
5. DEPRESSION (clue : main verb/ adj+noun)

As the economic depression (a)__________ in the early 30s, and as farmers had less and less money to spend
in their town, banks began to fail at (b)__________ rates. During the 20s, there was an average of 70 banks
failing each year nationally. After the crash during the first 10 months of 1930, 744 banks failed – 10 times as
many. In all, 9,000 banks failed during the decade of the 30s. It is estimated that 4,000 banks (c)__________
during the one year of 1933. By 1933, depositors saw $140 billion (d)__________ through bank failures.

Options: failed/disappear/deepened/alarming
Reading FIB
6. CIVILIZATION ( clues: time preposition/ adj+noun/ main verb/ helping verb+main verb)

I use the word civilization now for the first time, because (a)__________ the Bronze Age there is nothing that we
would define as civilization. Civilization involves the establishment of permanent dwelling areas that we call
(b)__________ as opposed to villages. Agricultural villages will have existed all over the place in the late Stone Age, in
the Neolithic Period, as it is known. But there is a difference and the (c)__________ difference is that a city contains a
number of people who do not provide for their own support. That is to say, they don't (d)__________ food. They
need to acquire it from somebody else. Instead, they do various things like governing and are priests, and are
bureaucrats, and are (e)__________ in other non-productive activities that depend upon others to feed them. That's
the narrowest definition of cities.

Options: critical/produce/before/cities/engaged
Reading FIB
7. TWO NORTHS (adj+noun/conjunction rule)

Mapping software works with your phone's GPS for the location and then the in-built (a)__________ finds
north, adjusting to the direction you're facing and (b)__________ the way. But that's not easy because there
are two 'norths'. There's (c)__________ north - which is the direction of the North Pole and which reliably
stays put - and there's (d)__________ north which, thanks to the flowing layer of molten iron in the Earth's
outer (e)__________, has a habit of moving around.

Options: magnetic/true/core/compass/pointing
End of Round-1

Total Score- 32
Reading and Writing FIB
1. CULTURAL STUDIES priority

Cultural studies in a new way of engaging in the study of __________[culture;region]. In the past, many
academic subjects including anthropology, history, literary studies human geography and sociology have
brought their own disciplinary concerns to the study of culture. However, in recent decades there has been a
________[organized |renewed] interest in the study of culture that has crossed disciplinary
_________[boundaries;rules]. The __________[resulting;strong] activities, cultural studies have emerged as
an intriguing and exciting area of intellectual inquiry that has already shed important new life on the character
of human cultures and which promises to continue so to do.

While there is a little doubt that cultural studies are coming to be _____[depth|widely] recognized as an
important and distinctive field of study, it does seem to encompass a potentially enormous area. This is
because the term 'culture' has a complex history and range of usages, which have provided a legitimate
_______[study|focus] of inquiry for several academic disciplines.
Reading and Writing FIB
2. BONES priority

Bones are extremely strong. One of their _________[main;obsolete] functions is to protect organs. For
example, the skull protects the brain and forms the shape of the face. The spinal cord, a pathway for messages
between the brain and the body, is protected by the backbone, or spinal column. The ribs form a cage that
_________[shelters;turns] the heart and lungs. There are three types of joints, including fixed joints, slightly
moveable joints, and freely moving joints.

Joints are where _______[one|two] bones meet. They make the skeleton flexible — without them, movement
would be impossible. Three kinds of freely movable joints play a big part in voluntary movement: Hinge joints
allow movement in one direction, as seen in the knees and elbows. Pivot joints allow a rotating or twisting
motion, like that of the head moving from side to side. Ball-and-socket joints allow the greatest
__________[force|freedom] of movement. The hips and shoulders have this type of joint, in which the round
end of a long bone fits into the ______[hollow;worthwhile;surface;main] of another bone.
Reading and Writing FIB
3. SMALL LAKES priority
Small lakes with a surface area of less than 100 square meters represent the majority of global freshwater
ecosystems. Many of these lakes are found in _______[city|remote], often mountainous areas with no inflow
and outflow. Yet in most of these lakes, there are fish. So how do fish reach lakes and ponds that are not
_________[connected;restricted] to other bodies of water?
This question was already addressed by some of the leading natural scientists of the 19th century such as
Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Lyell, who all came to the same conclusion thar water
birds must be responsible for fish __________[dispersal;injury].
And they had a plausible explanation for this: fish eggs of some species are sticky and can survive for some
time out of water. The theory is thus that the fish eggs stick to water birds' ______[eggs|feathers] or feet;
the birds then fly from one body of water to the next, where the fish ______[fetch|hatch] from their eggs.
Reading and Writing FIB
4. RADIOACTIVITY

Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by the French physicist, Antoine Henri Becquerel. He left an unexposed
photographic plate in the dark near a sample of a uranium salt. When the plate
was _________[developed|grown] it was found to be _______________ [puzzle |fogged], just as it might if it
had been exposed to light which was caused by a form of radiation from the uranium.

The term radioactivity was ____________[enlarged | coined] by Marie Curie and her husband Pierre Curie.
They worked together and showed that radioactivity was an atomic property not a chemical change.
The ____________ [discovery|feeling] of radioactivity won the Curies and Ekcquerel the Nobel Prize for
Physics in 1903.
Reading and Writing FIB
5. TAYLOR’S SYSTEM

Mechanical engineering was at the heart of Taylor’s theorizing, providing the context for its development, the
world view by which it was sustained and, finally, the justification for its widespread application. Scientific
management aimed to analyse and control the activities of people in____________ [the same way
that|similar] engineers analysed and controlled machines. Central________ [for | to] Taylor’s system was the
desire __________[to rationalize|to accept] and standardize production techniques in the interests of
economy, efficiency and mutual prosperity. His primary point of interest was the individual worker ________
[following| pursuing] individual goals and motivated by incentive payments.
__________[undoubtedly|conversely], Taylor’s view of human motivation was somewhat simplistic and his
apprehension of the significance of groups was limited and generally negative.
Reading and Writing FIB
6. ACADEMY SCHEME

The Elder Academy scheme, an education and social inclusion initiative, was ________[launched|forced] in early
2007 by The Labour and Welfare Bureau and the Elderly Commission. The activities provide ________[rules|access]
to learning opportunities in schools and university campuses and are aimed primarily at older people who have had
little or no education. The scheme optimizes the use of existing _________[educational|savory] facilities and has
been successful in promoting both lifelong and initial learning for older people, encouraging participation and helping
to maintain ___________[physical|pretentious] and mental wellbeing. School and university students are engaged in
the scheme, thereby also promoting civic education and intergenerational understanding. Currently, some 125 elder
academies in various districts and seven tertiary institutions _______[ arranged |offer] a wide variety of courses.
Reading and Writing FIB
7.SOCIAL REFORMS

Social reforms are normally initiated as a result of _______[smart |statistical] analyses of factors such as crime
rates and poverty levels etc. Large-scale population can result from ________[projections|participation]
devised by statisticians. Manufacturers can provide better products at lower costs by using statistical control
tools, such as control charts. Diseases are controlled through analyses designed to ________[protect
|anticipate] epidemics. Endangered species of fish and other wildlife are __________[protected|cared]
through regulations and laws that react to statistical estimates of changing population sizes. Through statistical
analysis of fatality rates, legislators can better justify laws, such as those governing air pollution, auto
inspections, seat belt and airbag use, and drunk driving.
End of Round-2
Total score - 34
End of Class

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