EMERGENCY

PREPAREDNESS
FOR
PERSONNEL
SAFETY
WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL LOSS IN AN
EMERGENCIES

 Injury
 Damage to people
 Environment
 Property
WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO MINIMIZE
THIS POTENTIAL LOSS?

Advance planning for

emergencies.
ULTIMATELY THE RESPONSIBILITY
OF EMERGENCY PLANNING
LIES TO WHOM?

 To the highest levels of management

who best know a facility’s resources,
operation and capability.
WHAT THEN IS THE PART OF THE
SAFETY & HEALTH PROFESSIONAL

= Act as the Consultant.

= Guide the line management through the

process of identifying potential 0emergency
events.

= Developing primary and contemporary plans to

respond to them.
FIRST CONCERN IN
EMERGENCY PLANNING
a. Safety of employees and safety of
public.
b. (Immediate short-term and long-term
needs.)
c. Ways of protecting the property
operations, and the environment.
d. Restoring business operations to
normal.
Emergency Plans involve:

1. Organization and;
2. Training such like:
a. evacuation
b. firefighting
c. rescue
d. spill response
e. first-aid
Certain Basic Elements of Emergency Plan:

 Command functions;
 Communications and alarm/detection;
 Emergency staff personnel;
 Procedures to deal with:
 natural
 technological
 nuclear hazard
 biological hazard
 evacuation
 power interruption
DETERMINANT OF THE COMPLEXITY OF
EMERGENCY PLAN

 The type of facility and its associated

hazard.
 The availability of qualified personnel to
write and maintain the plan.
 The availability of the trends to produce
it.
COMMON TYPE OF EMERGENCY PLAN
USED IN INDUSTRY Include:

 Action guides / checklists

 Response plan
 Emergency management plan
 Mutual aid plans
A MUST FOR AN ORGANIZATIONS DEVELOPING
AN EMERGENCY PLAN

1. Identify and evaluate potential disasters.

2. Assess the potential harm to people,
property and environment.
3. Estimate warning time needs to mobilize the
plan.
4. Determine what changes must be made in
company operations.
5. Consider what power supplies and utilities
may be required to handle the emergency.
REQUIREMENT TO AN EMERGENCY PLAN

 The Who does What, When, Where

and;
 The How before, during and after a
disaster.
TYPES OF EMERGENCIES
1. Fire and Explosion
2. Natural Calamities
a. Flood
b. Hurricanes and tornados
c. Earthquake
d. Typhoon
3. Man-made Disasters
a. Civil Strife
b. Sabotage
4. Work Accidents and Rumors
5. Shut-downs
6. Wartime Emergency
7. Hazardous Materials
8. Radioactive Materials
9. Weather-Related Emergencies
PLAN OF ACTION
CONSIDERATIONS
 Program considerations;
 Establishing a chain of command;
 Training;
 Hazardous waste / spills emergencies;
 Shut-downs and evacuation procedures;
 Command headquarters;
 Auxiliary power systems;
 Emergency equipment;
 An alarm system;
 Fire brigade;
 Facility protection & security;
 Emergency medical services;
 Warden service and evacuation;
 Transportation
JUSTIFICATION

 By weighing the cost of preparedness

against the Possibility of yearly losses
from fires, flood, and other
catastrophes.
OUTLINE OF AN EMERGENCY
MANUALS OR HANDBOOK
1. Company policy, purpose, authority, principal
control, measures and emergency organizational
chart showing positions and functions.
2. Some descriptions of the expected disasters with
a risks statement.
3. Map of the plant, office or store showing
equipment, medical and first aid, fire control
apparatus, shelter, command center, evacuation
routes, and assembly areas.
4. List (which may also be posted) of cooperating
agencies and how to reach them.
5. Plant warning system
6. Central command center, including
home contacts of employees.
7. Shut-down procedures, including
security guard.
8. How to handle visitors and customers.
9. Locally related and necessary item.
10. List of requirements and resources that
would be available and where they can
be reached.
RESPONSIBILITY OF DIRECTOR OF
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

 Emergency operation center management

 Communications
 Fire-fighting
 Security and law enforcement
 Rescue operations
 Emergency medical services
 Transportation
 Damage assessment
 Mitigation and investigation
 Public information and media briefing
 Rumor control
 On-scene safety functions at the emergency’s
site
 Warning and evacuation of plant and
community personnel
 Utilities and engineering functions
 Sheltering, feeding and counseling functions
 Morgue establishment and notification of
survivors
HAZMAT TEAMS

 Consists of an organized group of

employees, designed by the employer,
who are expected to perform work to
handle and control actual or potential
leaks, or spills of hazardous
substances requiring possible close
approach to the substance.
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM TRAINIG
REQUIREMENT FOR THE
HAZMAT TEAM

 Hazardous Waste Site Workers

= 40 hrs of classroom “hands-on”
= for general workers who are on site full-
time and probably have been exposed to
a hazardous chemical or situation
 Occasional hazardous Waste
= 24 hrs of off-site instruction followed by
one day of actual field experience
= for inspectors, engineer, monitoring
technicians or others who are not likely to be
exposed over permissible exposure limits
 Hazardous Waste Site Supervisors
= 8 hrs of specialized training after
completing the 40 hrs course
= Supervisory training covers:
1. Site safety plans
2. PPE selection
3. Health monitoring
 Treatment, Storage and Disposal
(TSD) Facility Workers
= 24 hrs of health & safety training, new/old
employee per year
 Hazardous Materials Emergency
Responders Five (5) Categories:

1. First Responder Awareness

 4 to 8 hour course
 attempt to identify the involved hazardous material
and then notify qualified personnel
2. First Responder Operation
 24 hours training course
 identify materials, perform basic diving and
confinement operations and initiate evacuation
3. Hazardous Materials Technician
 24 hour course
 perform the actual plugging, patching, or sealing of
a container leaking and hazardous substances
4. Hazardous Materials Specialist
 48 hour or more
 competent in the chemical toxicology, and/or
behavior of the particular material involved
5. Incident Commander
 Graduate of the 24 hour First Responder Course
and have additional training in planning,
decontamination, protective clothing and command
system (24 hrs).
SAMPLE EMERGENCY EXIT NOTICE
FOR GENERAL POSTING
 IN CASE OF FIRE OR OTHER EMERGENCY:

 / KEEP YOUR HEAD – avoid panic and confusion.

 / KNOW THE LOCATION OF EXITS – be sure you know the

safest way out if the building no matter where you are.

 / KNOW THE LOCATION OF NEARBY FIRE

EXTINGUISHERS – learn the proper way to use all types of
extinguishers.

 / KNOW HOW TO REPORT A FIRE OR OTHER EMERGENCY

– send in the alarm without delay; notify the CHIEF OF EXIT
DRILLS.
 / FOLLOW EXIT INSTRUCTIONS – stay at our work place
until signaled or instructed to leave; complete all
emergency duties assigned to you and be ready to march
out rapidly according to plan.

 / WALK TO YOUR ASSIGNED EXIT – maintain order and

quiet; take each drill seriously – it may be the “real thing.”

REMEMBER – IT IS PART OF YOUR JOB TO PREVENT FIRES.

SAMPLE INCIDENT
INSTRUCTOR NOTICE

EMERGENCY EXIT INSTRUCTIONS

MACHINE SHOP – DAY SHIFT

Read Carefully

The following persons will be in command in any

emergency, and their instructions must be followed:

CHIEF OF EXIT DRILL – H.C. Gordon, General Sup’t.

MACHINE SHOP EXIT DRILL CAPTAIN – R.L. Jones, foreman
MACHINE SHOP MONITORS – Dave Thomas and A.L. Smith
 In event of FIRE in machine shop

 / NOTIFY THE GENERAL

SUPERINTENDENT’S OFFICE/ PUT
OUT THE FIRE, IF POSSIBLE – If the fire
cannot quickly be controlled follow instructions of
given by Exit rill captain R.L. Jones or by the shop
monitors. Leave by the exit door at the south end
of the shop; if it is blocked by fire, use the door
through the tool room to the outside stairway.
In event of FIRE or EMERGENCY in other sections of
building
The general alarm going will ring for two 10-second periods
as an “alert” signal. Continue work, but be on the alert
for the “evacuation” signal, which will be a series of
three short rings. At the evacuation signals:

/ SHUT OFF ALL POWER TO MACHINES AND FANS

/ TURN OFF GAS UNDER HEAT TREATING OVENS
/ CLOSE WINDOWS AND CLEAR THE AISLES
/ FORM A DOUBLE LINE IN THE CENTER AISLE AND
FOLLOW MONITORS AND EXIT DRILL CAPTAIN TO
EXIT

– Walk rapidly, but do not run or crowd; do not talk,

push, or cause confusion! After leaving the building, do
not interfere with the work of the plant fire brigade or the
city fire department. Await instructions from the General
Superintendent or your foreman.
Returning to the building

Return-to-work instructions will be

given over the loudspeaker system or
by the telephone from the
Superintendent’s office.
BASIC GUIDELINE TO FOLLOW IN
ESTABLISHING THE CHAIN OF
COMMAND

1. Keep the chain as small as practical.

2. Appoint personnel to crisis

management positions based not on
their title but rather on their ability to
respond to a situation under extreme
stress.
PROTECTION OF WORKERS FROM
PERSONAL ATTACK – mugging,
rapes and robberies
 Make a security survey of building and
grounds.
 Implement steps to correct hazard or
breaches of security.
 Enlist the advice and aid of local law
enforcement agencies.
 Train workers in the basic of personal
protection
OUTSIDE HELP

The chance of survival and recovery from a disaster or

major accident is greater when organizations pool
knowledge, equipment, ad personnel with their neighbors.

1. Mutual Aid Plans (Neighboring companies and

community agencies)
=Establishing an organizational structure and communication system.
= Standardizing an identification system, procedure and equipment (such
as fire hose couplings).
= Formulating a list of available equipment.
= Stockpiling medical supplies.
= Sharing facilities in an emergency.
=Cooperating in test exercises and training question.

Who will pay any costs, such as repairs to equipment

or workers compensation for injured employees?
2. Contracting for Disaster Services
- Wrecking company

3. Municipal Fire and Police Department

- Familiarization to facility / plant.

4. Industry and medical agencies

5. Governmental and Community

Agencies
EMERGENCY TRANSPORTATION
UNIT Includes:

 Ambulance service;

 Transporting emergency service crew

and supplies;

 Moving employees to and from work as

necessary.