Surveillance Drones and their Applications.

Shrey Kanjaria1*
Shri Bhagubhai Mafatlal Polytechnic,
Mumbai-400056, India.
[email protected]

1. ABSTRACT: Drones have become an clockwise direction the opposite two can rotate in
emerging trend due to their boundless applications the anticlockwise direction permitting the craft to
in surveillance, military and numerous public vertically ascend. While taking the flight with the
services. Nowadays, deployment of surveillance assistance of a camera module integrated within
drone for monitoring or supervision application the body, live streaming and capturing or storing
remains challenging and is in ongoing research. pictures and videos can be made possible.
As Internet of Things (IoT) becomes more
commercialized, various concept of IoT have been For the past decade, several researchers have
integrated with the drones for efficient usage. worked on drone or quadcopter to implement it in
Therefore, this paper proposed the development of new applications. It can survey the areas where
surveillance drone system based on Wi-fi. The human intervention is not applicable. They are the
rationale of integrating IoT with Wi-fi flying machines which can be controlled remotely.
surveillance drone is that it allows authenticated It is also used in weather forecasting, fire-fighting,
users to login from any device, anywhere, and search & rescue operations, surveillance and
view video or images from surveillance drones in traffic monitoring etc. Generally, the drone faces
real-time. In this work, the surveillance drone the problem of balancing due to the uneven weight
consists of mechanical system, electrical and distribution and wind intervention. This can be
electronic interfacing and software platform avoided by using PID (Proportional Integral
(mobile application system). In electronic system; Derivative) controller. It is not only used in
power module, communication module, sensor military but also in industrial and commercial
and actuator as well as user interface module have applications. The components used in making a
been adopted and integrated into the systems. drone are brushless motors, propellers, electric
Besides, in software development system, user speed controllers (ESC), battery, frame etc. In
interface configuration was developed through recent years, the drone has come into recognition
mobile application to serve as a platform. A series for a number of materialistic uses. In 2013,
of experiments shows that the surveillance drones Amazon announced a plan for delivery of product
to be able to operate with a promising flying in nearby areas within 30 minutes. They used
distance with surveillance camera as the “eyes” of AUVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) for delivery
the drone system. which is Called Amazon Prime Air which is still
under development. But with all said and done the
current aerial drones are expensive.
2. INTRODUCTION: A Drone has the potential
of successfully completing several tasks which This project aims to create a drone that is less
humans cannot fathom to do physically, for expensive and can be used on a daily basis for
example, extreme temperature and high altitude supervision, search and rescue, etc.
investigation in several industries, rescue
missions, high altitude surveillance. A Quadcopter 3. BLOCK DIAGRAM AND BLOCK
Drone has four propellers with motors that DIAGRAM DISCRIPTION
generate the thrust for lifting the craft. But there
are drones developed with 6, 8 or even 12
propellers. The basic principle behind the
quadcopter is, two motors can rotate within the
Generally, a quadcopter made up of four arms and
four motors which help to lift. Motors are
connected to the ESC (Electronic Speed
Controller) for varying its speed. These ESC’s are
connected to PrimusX controller board which is
connected to the mobile’s Wi-Fi module.

PrimusX board comes with STM32F303CC

microcontroller. It is straightforward for the
beginner to start out with and has microcode pre-
defined in it. While activating or deactivating the
board there's associate degree audio warning from
the piezo buzzer of PrimusX It is the most stable
board because it has inbuilt gyroscope, Figure 1: Block Diagram of the Surveillance drone
accelerometer, magnetometer, barometer, 6000
MPU, and auto level function. This board has Fig 1 shows the block diagram of Surveillance
eight motor outputs, five management inputs, Drone Which contain the components and
associate degree liquid crystal display, polarity connections used in the experimental device.
protected voltage device input, associate degree
ISP header, six-axis accelerometer or gyroscope,
and a fuse protected piezo output. The user Sr. No. Parts Specification
defined signals from PrimusX board are processed 1 Primus V4 STM32F303CC
by STM32F303CC and these control signals are 2 Brushless DC Motor 50000 RPM
passed to the ESC's installed on the frame of the 3 LiPo Battery 3.7V, 600mAh
drone. The PrimusX Multi-Rotor controller is a 4 Frame 16cm x 16cm
flight control board for multi-rotor aircraft 5 Propeller 5cm Diameter
(Tricopters, Quadcopters, Hexacopters). The Table 1: Components required for the drone.
micro-controller unit then processes these signals
according the users elite microcode and passes Table 1 shows the specifications of components
management signals to the put in Electronic Speed with their specification that were used for creating
Controllers (ESCs). These signals instruct the this particular quadcopter.
ESCs to make fine adjustments to the Brushless
DC motors rotational speed which in turn Wireless Camera is used to capture the image and
stabilizes your multi-rotor craft The PrimusX live video streaming while flying and the control
Multi-Rotor panel to boot uses signals from your of camera is at ground. Camera transmitter and
radio systems receiver (Rx) and passes these receiver are connected by Wi-Fi module through
signals to the micro-controller via the surface, the mobile application.
elevator, throttle and rudder inputs. Once this info
has been processed the IC can send varied signals
to the ESCs that successively regulate the 4. PHYSICS BEHIND FLYING DRONE:
movement speed of every BLDC motor to induce Quadcopter uses four motors attached with four
controlled flight (up, down, backwards, forwards, propellers to produce the thrust that carries the
left, right). ESC module is the interface between craft. Two of the motors rotate counter clockwise
BLDC motor and the controller. A mobile phone and the other two rotate clockwise. This
with a pre-coded application software is connected configuration causes the force from every motor
wirelessly using RF frequency of range 2.40 to to cancel by the corresponding motor rotating the
2.47 GHz. The mobile phone receives the wireless other direction. The difference about Quadcopters
signal and the flight is controlled. from other vertical take-off and landing aircraft
(VTOL) is that in order to control pitch, yaw, and
roll the pilot uses variable thrust between the four
motors. Each rotor produces a thrust and force
concerning its centre of rotation, as well as a drag 7. FUTURE SCOPE: Future of a quadcopter has
force opposite to the vehicle's direction of flight. very large amount of applications in various
If all rotors are spinning at an equivalent angular fields. Reaching places where it is not possible or
rate, with rotors 1 and 3 rotating clockwise and convenient, drones can be used for surveillance of
rotors 2 and 4 rotate counter clockwise and hence such places. It will be used to carry heavy weights
the angular acceleration concerning the yaw axis, in rescue operations or for delivery. The range of
is precisely zero, that means there is no need for a application is increased because of more
tail rotor as on standard helicopters. Yaw is computerized drone and hence commercialization
elicited by varying the balance in mechanic can also be increased. Quadcopter may be utilized
torques. in day to day working of a human life.
Schematic of reaction torques on each motor of a
quadcopter aircraft, due to spinning rotors is that 8. CONCLUSIONS: There are many places like
Rotor 1 and 3 spin in one direction which is industries, mines, etc. where human has to risk
clockwise, whereas rotor 2 and 4 spin in the their life. They have to face high temperature
opposite direction, producing opposing torques to condition, high altitude work, poisonous gases and
control aircraft. A Quadcopter adjusts its altitude many other conditions that are hazardous to
by applying equal thrust to all four rotors. A human lives. So the solution to this problem can
Quadcopter adjusts its yaw by applying more be brought up by using a remotely controlled
thrust to rotors rotating in one direction. A Quad Drone for surveillance. This project plays a major
rotor adjusts its pitch or roll by applying more part at industries, overhead lines, mines and
thrust to one rotor and less thrust to its borders for surveillance.
diametrically opposite rotor.

5. LIMITATIONS: We need to get a license from ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This research paper

the office of THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF would not have been possible without the
CIVIL AVIATION TECHNICAL CENTRE, encouragement of my HOD Shri N D Adate sir to
NEW DELHI and to seek permission from the whom I am really grateful to for pushing me
local Authorities before the take off of the drone towards this project. I am also grateful to my
as per specified area and location of confined parents who kept supporting me and procuring
assets of rules and regular unless it is a micro any and every component for me while I did trial
drone. This licence is valid exclusively for two and error with the project. I also thank all my
years. friends in the college who help me stay focused
Less aviation jobs are needed to fly Unmanned just by studying together with me.
Ariel Vehicle.
Li-Po battery are highly dangerous, there is a
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