DBMS FAQ

UNIT-1

1. What is DBMS? List four significant differences between file processing system and a DBMS?
2. What is E-R model? Draw an E-R Diagram for any Banking enterprise system.
3. Draw an ER-Diagram for Week entity set and Strong entity set with example.
4. Define data model. Explain the entity-relationship model with a neat diagram.
5. What is a data model? What are the different data models? Explain.
6. How can we translate an ER Diagram into SQL statements to create tables? Discuss.
7. Explain the differences between physical and logical data independence.
8. Explain various levels of data abstraction and data independence.
9. Discuss about levels of abstraction in a DBMS.
10. Explain the functions of Database Administrator.
11. Define generalization, specialization and aggregation? How it is represented in E-R model?

UNIT-2

1. Explain about outer join operation in relational algebra.

2. Explain about domain relational calculus with example.
3. Explain modification of the database operations in relational algebra with example.
4. Explain about domain relational calculus with example.
5. Describe the set operations of relational algebra, including union (U), set difference (-), and
cross product (X). For each, what can you say about the cardinality of their input and output
tables?
6. Compare and contrast the Tuple Relational Calculus and Domain relational calculus.
7. What is Relational Model? Distinguish between Super key, Candidate key, Primary Key for a
relation with examples.
8. Let R = (ABC) and let r1 and r2 both relations on schema R. Give an expression in the tuple
relational calculus that is equivalent to each of the following.
i. ∏A1,(r1) b)r1^r2 c) r1- r2
9. Various data manipulation and data definition statements in SQL with examples
10. Define ER model and explain the following kinds of constraints that can be specified in the
ER diagram, and give an example of each: i) key constraint ii) participation constraint.
11. Discuss the functionality of query evaluation engine.
12. Discuss in detail about the properties of relation algebra
13. Compare tuple relational calculus and domain relational calculus.
14. Consider the following relations Sailors (sid, sname, rating, age) Boats (bid, bname, color)
Reserves (sid, bid, day) Write the statements in Relational Algebra, Relational Calculus,
Domain Relational calculus and SQL for the following questions.
a) Find the names of sailors who have reserved a Red boat.
b) Find the names of sailors who have reserved at least one boat.
c) Find the names of sailors who have reserved a Red and a Green boat.
d) Find the names of sailors who have reserved a Red or a White boat.
e) Find the names of sailors who have reserved all boats.
15. Discuss the importance of entity integrity and referential integrity constraints.

UNIT-3
1. Explain the following Operators in SQL with examples
i) SOME ii) IN iii) EXCEPT iv) EXISTS
2. Explain various DML functions in SQL with examples.
3. What is normalization? Explain 4NF and 5NF Normal forms with example.
4. What is normalization? Explain 2NF, 3NF and BCNF Normal forms with example.
5. Explain about various database users and administrators in DBMS.
6. Briefly explain the complex integrity constraints in SQL Triggers and active databases.
7. Why is a table whose primary key consists of a single attribute automatically in 2NF when it
is in 1NF? Explain in detail.
8. Define a trigger. What are the differences between row-level and statement-level triggers?
9. Give an example that illustrates how a collection of relations in BCNF could have redundancy
even though each relation, by itself, is free from redundancy.
10. What are the steps to be followed to convert a relation in 3NF to BCNF?
11. When is the decomposition of a relation schema R into two relation schemas X and Y Said to
be lossless-join decomposition? Why is this property so important? Give a necessary and
sufficient condition to test whether a decomposition is lossless-join.
12. Discuss fourth normal form with illustration.

UNIT-4

1. Explain shadow paging recovery scheme for recovering the data base?
2. Discuss the Recovery with Concurrent Transactions.
3. Elaborate the Timestamp Based Protocols.
4. What is Transaction? List and explain the properties of Transaction.
5. What is serializability? Explain conflict and view is serializability in detail.
6. Discuss in detail about timestamp based concurrency control techniques.
7. Write about Log based recovery.

UNIT-5

1. Explain deletion and insertion operations in linear hashing with examples.

2. Compare and contrast the Hash-Based Indexing and Tree-based Indexing.
3. How does a B+ tree index handle the search, insert and delete? Discuss.
4. Describe insertion and deletion operations in B+ tree with example.
5. State and explain various file organization methods. Give suitable examples to each of them.
6. What are the Pros and Cons of ISAM?
Unit-1

DBMS introduction and dbms applications

File system vs dbms

Data models

Data abstraction and data independence

Entities, entity sets and relationship, relationship sets

Attributes and types

ER models and converting ER diagrams to relation(table) and relation to ER diagrams

Unit-2

Integrity constraints (entity, referential, key and domain)

Key constraints (primary, super, candidate, foreign)

Ddl and dml queries

Views and example table

Relational algebra and relational calculus

Unit-3

Triggers

UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT, Nested Queries, aggregation operators, NULL values, complex
integrity constraints in SQL

Schema

Data redundancy

Normal forms (1nf, 2nf, 3nf, bcnf, 4nf, 5nf)

BCNF

Boats, sailors, reserves question very very imp

Unit-4

Transaction properties

Serializability, Recoverability, Implementation of Isolation

Lock Based Protocols, Timestamp Based Protocols

Recovery and Atomicity (log based)

Concurrent Transactions

Unit-5

File Organization and Indexing

Hash based indexing

Tree based indexing

B+ tree