01 History of

Electronics
Electronics’ actual history began with the
invention of vacuum diode by J.A.
Fleming, in 1897; and, after that, a vacuum What is
triode was implemented by Lee De Forest
to amplify electrical signals. Electronics

02 Evolution Branch of physics and electrical engineering

that deals with the emission, behaviour, and
effects of electrons and with electronic devices.
Theoretical and experimental studies of
electricity during the 18th and 19th Electronics encompasses an exceptionally
centuries led to the development of the broad range of technology. The term originally
first electrical machines and the was applied to the study of electron behaviour
beginning of the widespread use of and movement, particularly as observed in the
electricity. first electron tubes. It came to be used in its
broader sense with advances in knowledge
Michael Faraday
03 Dicovery
about the fundamental nature of electrons and
Father of Electronics about the way in which the motion of these
particles could be utilized. Today many
scientific and technical disciplines deal with
Michael Faraday was a British scientist and
1752 – Benjamin Franklin discovered different aspects of electronics.
great pioneer experimenter in electricity and
that lightning is electrical by flying a
magnetism. After the discovery by Oersted,
kite, and explained how Leyden jars
he demonstrated electromagnetic induction
work.
in the year 1831. This is the basic principle of
the working of generators.
1 Discovery of 1 Michael 1 Gustav Robert
7 the Layden 8 Faraday 8 Kirchhoff
4 Jar 2 7
5 1 8
In 1745 a cheap and convenient source of In 1821, Faraday built the first electric motor – a In 1878, Edison began work on an electric lamp
electric sparks was invented by Pieter van device for transforming an electrical current into and sought a material that could be electrically
Musschenbroek, a physicist and mathematician rotary motion. heated to incandescence in a vacuum. At first he
in Leiden, Netherlands. In 1831, Faraday made the first transformer – a used platinum wire in glass bulbs at 10 volts. He

1 Charles
device for inducing an electrical current in a wire connected these bulbs in series to utilize a
higher supply voltage; however, he realized that
7
not connected to an electrical source, also

Augustus known as Faraday’s Ring. It was powered by a independent lamp control would be necessary

8 Coulomb
voltaic pile and used a manually operated key to for home and office use.

5 interrupt the current.

1
Invented the torsion balance in 1785. The torsion 1 8 Nikola Tesla
balance is a simple device – a horizontal cross-
8 George Simon 8
bar is mounted on a stretched wire. A ball is then
mounted on each end of the cross bar. Given a 2 Ohm 2
Tesla developed the alternating-
current power system that provides
positive or negative charge, those balls will then
attract or repel other objects that carry charges.
7
The formulation of a law, termed Ohm's law,
electricity for homes and buildings.
He also pioneered the field of radio
The balls responding to these charges will try to describing the mathematical relationship communication and was granted
twist the wire holding the cross bar. between electrical current, resistance and more than 100 U.S. patents.

1 voltage.
1
8 André Marie 1 Gustav Robert 9 Albert Einstein
2 Ampère 8 1
0 4 Kirchhoff 6
Gave a formalized understanding of the 5 He was a German physicist. He announced
Lasers are crucial to all these inventions and more.
Einstein's 1916 discovery of the physical principle
relationships between electricity and the laws which allow calculation of the was responsible for the light amplification by
magnetism using algebra. The unit for current current, voltage, and resistance of stimulated emission of radiation (the long-winded
(ampere) is named after him. electrical networks in 1845 when he was way of saying laser) that made these devices
only 21. possible.
Major events in the history of electronics:
1752 – Benjamin Franklin discovered that lightning is electrical by flying a kite, and explained how Leyden jars work.
1800 – Alessandro Volta invented battery (Dry Cell).
1820 – André Marie Ampère published his law of electrodynamics called Ampère’s law.

GROUP 1
1826 – Georg Ohm introduced Ohm’s Law.
1831 – Michael Faraday published the law of induction.
1931 – Michael Faraday invented transformer.
1831 – Joseph Henry developed a prototype DC motor. Agan
1836 – Nicholas Callan invented transformer. Tambis
1844 – Samuel Morse developed telegraphy and the Morse code. Arim
1856 – Charles Bourseul proposed telephony. Hubay
1862 – James Clerk Maxwell published four equations bearing his name “Maxwell’s equations“. Morallas
1876 – Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone.
1877 – Thomas Alva Edison invented phonograph.
1878 – Joseph Swan invented Incandescent light bulb.
1879 – Thomas Alva Edison introduced a long lasting filament for incandescent lamp.
1887 – Nikola Tesla invented the first induction motor.
1888 – Heinrich Hertz proved that electro magnetic waves travel over some distance.
1890 – Thomas Alva Edison invented fuse.
1897 – Karl Ferdinand Braun invented cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO).
1901 – Guglielmo Marconi made first transatlantic radio broadcast.
1904 – John Ambrose Fleming invented diode.
1906 – Lee de Forest invented triode.
1912 – Edwin Howard Armstrong developed Electronic oscillator.
1915 – Albert Einstein published the Theory of Relativity.
1941 – Konrad Zuse developed the first programmable computer.
1943 – Eisler invented the Printed Circuit Board.
1958 – Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit (IC).
1962 – Nick Holonyak Jr. invented the LED.
1962 – Hofstein, Heiman, and RCA invented MOSFET Transistors.
1964 – Kemeny and Kurtz introduced the BASIC programming language.
1970 – INTEL introduced the first Microprocessor.
1971 – Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore formed Intel.